Now a day with the Internet revolution, the online business has been one of the most popular and efficient marketing methods. The change of the economy has the biggest impact on the business method. For example: social networking and its influence, shopping type, creativity, and create a new business environment.
Electronic business shows the success in the marketing over the world. Also, it becomes the promised feature of having deployed ideas in order to introduce products or services over the global.
The online services have been the most modern and convenient terminologies among the people using the social networking. When the social network has a hug influence on this kind of marketing, for example Facebook. We just heard about the Face book ten years ago and after four years only; the Twitter was launched. Those famous websites are the best examples can support the social networks. It was unbelievable in that time those billions of people will spend most their time on Face book. The most important thing, the market people started taking advantage of these social sites and make their own business. Moreover, many of them make a good investigation and develop good ideas.

Recently, relevant changes have made organizational boundaries more fluid and dynamic in response to the rapid pace of knowledge diffusion, and innovation and international competition. This helps to reconsider how to succeed with innovation. Thus, innovative companies make use of their capabilities to appropriate the economic value generated from their knowledge and innovations. Therefore, the supply of innovative products is presented as a quality standard in the race for pressing demands. It is true that a new product or process can represent the end of a series of knowledge initiatives and the beginning of a process of value creation, which, under conditions imposed by various parties, can produce efficient results in the global performance of the value chain. The present paper aims to contribute to the planning guidelines in the innovation value chain field. Therefore, it addresses the influence of the stakeholders' knowledge on the performance of innovation value chain in product development processes applied to technology-based companies. Thus, a survey was developed with experts chosen by their technical-scientific criteria and knowledge on the subject. The data were extracted by means of a judgment matrix. To reduce subjectivity in the results, the following methods were used: Law of Categorical Judgment - psychometric scaling and the Compromise Programming - multi-criteria analysis and Electre III. The data were satisfactory, validating the methodological procedures presented.

Solar thermal power generation is a modern technology, which has already shown feasible results in the production of electricity. Thermal energy storage (TES) is a crucial element in solar energy applications, which includes the increase of building thermal capacity, solar water heating systems for domestic use, and Concentrated Solar Thermal power plants for electricity generation. Economic, efficient and reliable thermal energy storage systems are a key need of solar thermal power plants, in order to smooth out the insolation changes during intermittent cloudy weather condition or during night period, to allow the operation. To address this goal, based on the parabolic trough power plants, sensible heat storage system with operation temperature between 300

The detrimental impact on the environment over the utilization of the conventional energy based fossil fuel is obvious. Thus, the effort on the reduction on the dependency on this unclean fuel is salient. The application of the clean renewable wind power can be one of the appropriate measures in supporting the effort in reducing the dependency on the unclean fuel. Performance is one of the essential aspects in determining the economic attractiveness on the technology application. One of the factors responsible to the performance of the power technology is the wind velocity acting on the rotor blade. The addition of a shroud element is believed to have a great promise to increase the velocity at rotor, thus possibly improving the performance of the wind turbine. This study presents an experiment on horizontal and vertical wind turbines incorporated with rounded shroud devices. The experiment is conducted in a vehicle to simulate the effect of the flow of wind. The results on this experiment indicate that the addition of the shroud device with geometry of diffuser improves the performance of the horizontal axis wind turbine. For the nozzle shroud geometry, it seems to less significantly improve the performance of the horizontal axis wind turbine. For the vertical turbine, the incorporation of the shroud devices, both nozzle and diffuser, has almost no effect to increase the performance. This study also presents the discussion for the reasons behind the experimental results by relating to the condition of the turbine rotation and the wind velocity inside the shroud devices.

Content Management Systems (CMS) provide to its users the ability to publish on the Web with no need to have experience in developing web pages, this way CMS also participates in the expansion of reducing quality of content placed on the web similarly to Web 2.0 tools. The mechanism of validating content indicates a high level of quality content control while putting users as main players according to Web 2.0 standards, from this prospects we develop Validated Content Management System VCMS as a new Web 2.0 tool that supports content validation mechanism.
The VCMS system requires collaboration between users when content is being static validated. Real-time synchronization between users during collaboration on the same project can make this process easier and brings more rapidity to content publication while maintaining the mechanisms that allows quality control in our system.
In this article we present the technic of implementing real time interaction between users during collaboration on the same content. We focus on promoting the What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) editor to support Real-time collaboration between multiple content generators. . The approach presented in this paper can be integrated to any collaborative Content Management System and also can be used in all collaborative applications that generate Web content such as blogs or wikis offering to these tools the feature of collaborating on the same content between multiple users in real-time.

Drilling fluid is an essential component in drilling operations. It is used to prevent blowouts by creating adequate hydrostatic pressure, lubricating the walls of a well and the drill string, flushing to the surface of cuttings, and keeping the drill bit clean and cool. Extraction, characterization and formation of drilling fluid from castor seed oil were investigated. The castor seeds used were obtained from a local market and the extraction of the oil was done mechanically. The extracted oil characteristics such as specific gravity, pH, acid value, iodine value, saponification value, refractive index and viscosity were within the standard range before before formulating it to drilling fluid by the addition of additives. The result of the formulation obtained showed that the formulated drilling fluid had an electrical stability of 222 V, High Pressure/High Temperature of 8.8, mass funnel viscosity at 30 and 50 oC were 26.5 and 25 s, respectively; chemical alkalinity was 0.3 and excess lime of 0.39 Ib/bbI. The findings in this research have shown that formulated drilling fluid from castor seed oil is safe as drilling fluid and has characteristics close to that of the standard drilling mud equivalent circulating density 99. The formulated drilling fluid can adequately serve as an alternative to the commercial products.

Stock market has a close relationship with the economical structure of every country and its weakness or strength can be indicative of the country's economical status; therefore, the recognition of the factors affecting it and the amount of this effect can be of a significant value. One of these factors is monetary policy, which is adopted by the central bank, and is the focus of the current study. The current study objective is to investigate the monetary policies effects exerted by the central bank on the stock price and stock returns in the Tehran's stock market during the years from 1999 to 2010. The hypotheses test method in the current study is the linear regression in the form of combinational data time panel, and time series which is conducted by making use of Eviews software. The study results implies that in the firm level, liquidity has a negative and significant relationship with stock returns and it has a positive and significant relationship with the firm stock price at the end of the period. In the market level, unexpected changes in the monetary policies does not show an effect on the stock returns, but the expected changes have a negative and significant relationship with the stock returns. Also, the effect of the monetary policies and the stock returns is asymmetric. Overall, the evidence lends support to the notion that the monetary policy announcements have a significant effect on stock market.

Terminalia laxiflora is multipurpose tree in Sudan. But it has low germination percentage, which may affect its natural regeneration. There were evidence that the fruits have an inhibitory effect, so this study was carried out to determine which part of the fruit that affect germination and seedlings growth. Three parts of the fruit extraction were examine (Coat, Pulp and Wing) with tow concentration to each part (200 fruit/litre, 100 fruit/litre).the results showed that all extractions had no effect on germination percentage except fruit coat extract (200 fruit/litre), which reduced it significantly. The different extractions had no effect on root length and seem to elongate the shoot expect fruit pulp (200 fruit/litre), which no different from control. All extractions had no effect on first leave appearance, but they causing abnormal seedlings. The result suggest new treatments that could be applied on the fruit of this species like de winging or de pulping the fruit before sewing or soaking in acid or hot water after de winging, de pulping and de coating. These results can be of great value for the medicinal plant scientists and users to try T. laxiflora fruit extractions for controlling bacteria and fungi activities and it may be an addition benefit to the medicinal uses of this tree.

The main objective of this paper is to quantify the importance of external shocks in domestic and external variables fluctuations for a sample of three North African countries (Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia) using a VAR model estimation with quarterly data during the period 1990-2010. Since the early 1990s, Maghreb countries have implemented these last year, structural liberalization policies and modernized banking and financial regulations in order to strengthen their financial systems, establish an economic union between them and improve their economic growth rates. Accompanying to these developments, the study of this relationship has been largely analyzed in the literature. In fact, several theoretical and empirical studies have been elaborated to understand the process of international banking and financial shocks and their impact on economic development of countries as well as on the ability to create economic integration between them. Results find that external shocks negatively affect economic growth of Maghreb countries and impede the implementation of financial integration project. In addition, we document the dynamic response of each studied variable to external financial stress in these economies. Our results on variance decompositions and impulse responses functions show that Maghreb countries appear especially sensitive to the trade and the financial channel.

Proper evaluation of various risks involved in job specifications in the workshop, and appropriate implementation, and adherence to the correct safety rules by instructors and all workshop users is a determinant factor in achievement of absolute safety in the workshop. Acquaintance and compliance with the basic safety practices in engineering profession in the course of undergraduate training makes safety engineering professionals in the field. Observance of safety measures in workshop among engineering students of Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta was assessed using 44-item questionnaire. The questionnaire assessed the demography, housekeeping, personal protective devices, use of equipment, tools, and machineries, first aid and hygiene observation. A sample size of 195 engineering students was recruited for the study which cut across 2nd

Pollution from domestic wastes is a major environmental challenge in Ghana and many developing countries. Most of these countries depend almost entirely on landfills for waste management, which has proved to be expensive, inefficient and unsustainable. A sustainable solution to this problem is productive use of waste such as recycling. The main challenge that may limit recycling in Ghana and some of these countries is that a chunk of the wastes are littered on the environment, and the rest is collected in bulk in the same waste bin, thereby mixing them. The cost of collecting littered wastes, or separating mixed wastes could be prohibitive, making recycling uneconomical. In order to productively utilize wastes, adequate and separate waste bins must be provided for collecting the different components of wastes. However, budgetary constraints may not allow many countries to purchase expansive waste bins for the different components of wastes. Consequently, a simple waste bin, comprising a metal frame on which polypropylene sack (pp-sack) can be hanged to collect inorganic wastes has been developed by the author. The waste bin (new bin) can be manufactured industrially using plastic or fabricated by local artisans at an affordable price. This document describes the new bin. Experience in collecting organic and inorganic wastes generated in a house in separate waste bins (waste segregation) for the past 16 years is also highlighted.

Greenhouse effect, which contributes to the climate warning, is a mechanism that occurs in the lower atmosphere because of the presence of Greenhouse Gas (GHGs). Its reinforcement by the emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gases has harmful consequences on the climate. Togo, a developing country, contributes more to this reinforcement by the emissions related the socio-economic activities due to the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) area. We carried out these inventories of Greenhouse Gas in accordance with the IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, version 2006, using CCNUCC software for the national inventories of GHGs. In 2004, basic year selected, based on the quality of the data, the Agriculture subsector emitted 2407.88 Gg CO₂-e of direct GHGs (CH₄, N₂O) and 252,72 Gg of GHGs precursors (NO_x, CO). In Togo, these emissions have a tendency to increase passing the aggregated emissions from 2085.89 Gg CO₂-e in 1990 to 2526.22 Gg CO₂-e in 2008. The assessment of key categories of national emissions gave the priority to the biomass of cropland remaining cropland followed by biomass of forest land converted to cropland. These estimations will enable policy makers to take right decisions in matters of mitigation and adaptation and use them as baselines for calculations of carbon credits.

Hundred diarrhoeic kids' faecal samples were examined of which 64% and 98% kids are affected with parasites and bacteria respectively. Around 59.7% and 61.22% had single, 31.34% and 37.76% had dual and only 4.48% and 1.02% had triple concurrent infection respectively in parasite and bacteria associated diarrhoeic kids. Analysis of the results of bacterio-parasitic enteropathogens revealed that highest percentage (64%) kids were infected with concurrent parasitic and bacterial infection but the faecal samples of four diarrhoeic kids showed negative for both bacteria and parasitic infections. Highest of gastro-intestinal nematodes (GIN) infection (48%) was recorded in kids followed by Eimeria sp. (27%), Toxocara vitulorum (14%) and lowest (1%) with each of the Strongyloides sp., Paramphistomum sp. and Moniezia sp. The clinical Toxocara vitulorum infection first recorded at the first of 15 days, GIN at 30 days, Strongyloides sp. at 45 days, Paramphistomum sp. at 150 days and Eimeria sp. infection at 25 days. Similarly, the rate of Bacillus infection (87%), was found highest followed by Escherichia coli (37%), Staphylococcus (9%), and lowest of Salmonella (5%) infection. Although Bacillus and E. coli recorded first time at 10 days and Staphylococcus at 30 days of age but Salmonella was recorded at the age of 60. A characteristic age specific prevalence of both parasitic and bacterial enteropathogens was observed and it was found that the severity of infection was increasing with age for both parasitic and bacterial infection and the ratio of all the infections were almost similar.

Kid diseases were investigated on 240 sick kids of small holder farm during two years period from June 2002 to May 2004 of which 76 (31.67%) kids died during research period. Higher mortality rate was recorded in male (16.28%) than female (13.00%) under farm condition, though the difference was not statistically significant. Both the morbidity (42.17%) and mortality (18.29%) rates in kids aged between 0 to 30 days old were found to be significantly (P<0.01) higher in comparison to age between 31 to 90 days (morbidity 31.81% and mortality 13.64%) and aged between 91 to 180 days (morbidity 26.02% and mortality 10.19%). It may be concluded from this result that in avenging condition a farmer should give special attention to the kid from birth to 3 month of age. Although the morbidity range was found to be significantly (p<0.01) higher during rainy (72.37%) in comparison to winter (52.40%) and summer (41.50%) seasons but the mortality rate was found higher during summer (18.03%), followed by winter (13.70%) and lowest during rainy (10.12%) season. It was also observed that 58.25% kids maintained under rural conditions are deprived from first colostrum due to ignorance, which necessitates the veterinary extension services to the rural small holder traditional goat farmer. 14 types of kid diseases were diagnosed at Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute Goat Farm and ten types at the small holder farms and their epidemiological different pattern of occurrence were analyzed and discussed.

SMS banking which is a technology enabled services to its customers, permitting them to operate selected banking services over their mobile phones. To implement this system, "SMS Banking Using Cell Phone" a GSM Phone is connected by a data cable to a computer. The system will receive SMS from customers via GSM phone. The received message will be saved into a table in the database automatically. The message is to be read and compare with the criteria to the database record and manipulate the desired result. Then the result is automatically sent to the customer Phone and the update record is saved to the database. With this system the customer can create an account, see the balance, transfer balance to another account and can take various help through SMS and much more. The proposed system will add a new convenience to online banking services. With the contributions of this work the customers remain connected with the bank more closely- anywhere and anytime, just sending SMS and receive all pull and push services instantly. The data transmission will be held using Mobile Phone Network. The mobile interfaces to the PC by the data cable through communication port. To develop the system we used Visual Basic and MS SQL server on the Windows Platform.

The purpose of this article is, by using a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) applied to the case of Tunisia, to highlight the possible relationship of governance with economic growth. Indeed, considered as the way by which power is exercised in the management of economic and social resources of a country, several empirical studies have attempted to identify the relationship between the governance and the economic growth of a country. The majority of works were in the form of cross-section studies, without considering the time dimension. Similarly, the works usually based in the construction of the quality of the governance of a country on some components without taking into account all the qualities mentioned. Indeed, using a database of various official organizations, we have tried to build an aggregate indicator, supposedly apprehend the quality of Tunisian institutions. Certainly, it turned out from the various tests and investigations carried that a causal relationship exists between governance and economic growth. In other words, like the governance affects growth, the latter in turn has an effect on the quality of the institutions of the country.

The global financial crisis showed the difficulty of access to the economic and financial balance in the context of priority speculative symbolic economy. The Islamic finance, which, is characterized by the distribution of risk and avoid selling debt and risks, and the abolition of 'riba'-based transactions, and encourage contracts related to the real economy, one of the most important alternatives to contain the economic fluctuations. It is therefore incumbent on the Islamic finance industry that is keen to create new products and financial instruments embody sectarian and privacy of Islamic economics, and interact with the developments in the banking and financial framework 'Sharia'. And the actual needs of the real economy, including allowing the evolution of the economic balance of Islamic finance. If the products of the Islamic financial industry just a reformulation of the traditional financial products; the result ultimately threatens the balance and economic stability.

A communication network with radio nodes which is organized in a mesh topology is called as wireless mesh network or WMN. They are used for variety application such as building automation, transportation, citywide wireless Internet services etc. The WMN experience link failure due to application bandwidth demands, channel interference etc. These failures will cause performance degradation. Reconfiguration is needed to preserve the network from dynamic link failure. The most of the existing algorithms are not able to give full improvement at the time of dynamic link failure. The resource allocation require global configuration changes, greedy channel assignment algorithm might not be able to realize full improvement. The proposed work is for reconfigure the network at the time of dynamic link failure. Autonomous reconfiguration system (ARS) is used to reconfigure the network. The system generates necessary changes in channel assignment in order to recover from link failure. The performance is evaluated using different types of quality parameters such as throughput, PDR, delay. Comparing with existing schemes this will provide fast recovery.

The aim of this work was to characterize and classify three close regions of olives by direct analysis on the olive without any preliminary treatment. This study was focused on the olive samples picked in the three zones: named Bazaza, oled ayad and oled hamdan, in the Moroccan region of Beni Mellal. All samples were also analysed by FT-IR spectroscopy, the spectral data were subjected to a preliminary derivative transform based on the gap segment algorithm to reduce the noise and extract a largest number of analytical information from spectra. A multivariate statistical procedure based on cluster analysis (CA) coupled to support vector machines (SVM), was elaborated, providing an effective classification method. On the basis of a hierarchical agglomerative CA and principal component analysis (PCA), three distinctive clusters were recognized. The SVM procedure was then applied to classify samples from the same regions. The model resulted able to separate the three classes and classify new objects into the appropriate defined classes with a percentage prediction of 93%. The results showed that FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemiometric methods are an interesting technique for classifying olive samples according to their geographical origins.

Lonar is one of the youngest Lake and is unique in the world for its alkalinity and salinity of the water. But its alkalinity, pH and salinity go on decrease day by day. An attempt has been made to examine environmental analysis of Lonar Lake. Objective: This papers aims at improving the water quality in the lakes from hyper-eutrophic to minor eutrophic conditions. Methods: The physical and chemical parameters were analyzed as per APHA. Results: It is found that major Spirulina species of algae was found in lake water. This species Spirulina having medicinal value for human body. This species occupied the Lonar lake water phytoplankton about 90.0% and above. Rests of 10 % are other members of Chlorophyceae, Cynophyceae and Bacillariophyceae also found in this lake. Lonar lake water was found to be very rich in mineral nutrient contents. No fish species was recorded in the same water body. Conclusions: Hence this World heritage lake should be preserved for its alkalinity and salinity. Use of agrochemicals on crater floor; nuisance of tourists; sewage disposal in the lake; constructions on the crater rim; etc. are some of the problems requiring attention. The lake urgently needs to take immediate protection from pollution and save and preserve for future generations.

The arid and semi-arid represent one third of the earth's surface. In these areas, soil salinity and irrigation water is one of the limiting factors for plant productivity and crop yields. These ecosystems are characterized by a high variability of rainfall combined with high evaporation favoring the accumulation of salts in the soil. This affects about 7% of the total area in the world. Germination of Medicago sativa is inhibited by 1.5% NaCl (260 mmol/l). Sodium chloride (NaCl) salinity is one of the major environmental factors that limit plant growth and productivity. In this study we tried to determine the effect of salt stress on germination of plants. For this, two alfalfa varieties were studied: Trifecta and Tafilalet that differ in their origins and their behavior to adapt to abiotic stress. Tafilalet ecotype from Morocco and Trifecta is a variety of Australian origin. To select the most tolerant alfalfa genotypes to salinity stress, an experiment was performed with three replications. The cultivar and salinity stress factors comprised two cultivars and tree levels of salinity stress (control, 100 and 200 mM) with NaCl, respectively. The all the results obtained showed that two genotypes contrasting for their sensitivity to salt stress exhibit behaviors that may differ in terms of response to salt stress, and indicate that a significant decrease was observed for mean germination in stress conditions.

Nowadays, it is known that every action made with the aim of contributing to reverse the global warming is appreciated according to its intrinsic value. Through the effect of economies of scale, together, the little actions made elsewhere are significant. If each person or every family in any area uses solar energy in all its domestic activities, the damage due to energy consumption in the world will be very low. This paper presents the command of an autonomous single phase converter with shifted command used to stabilize the energy produce by the photovoltaic cells in regard of the normal condition of usage. This shifted command aids in modifying the characteristics of the output voltage, particularly the effective value of its fundamental without involving the continue voltage of its energy supply. In multiple applications, it can be used in the energy supply of sensible devices like non synchronous machines. When this is jointed to a pump, it can produce drinking water by a tangential ultrafiltration unit of water with a perforated fiber. When it is combined to the command of the static converter of Mc Murray Bedford which is constituted of a monostich and a dephaser, commanded by the mutual inductance in order to obtain of a tension too close.

In the recent few years Server Virtualization and Green Information Technology have become very popular and are fast becoming the norm in organizations of all disciplines and sizes. Today, different methods of energy savings are in use and in great demand. One of the newest methods in the IT to control the pollution of the environment and the greenhouse effect is Green IT that is directly connected with the Virtualization of Hardware Resources.
Virtualization is the presentation of an environment to one layer in an information technology stack that abstracts or represents a lower layer. It makes it possible for the IT professional to run a number of machines on a single physical machine.
In this study we elicit the concept of Hardware Virtualization. We illustrate the procedure of Hardware Virtualization using a real-world example and then we emulate a virtualized infrastructure to contrast against the physical infrastructure on the basis of CPU utilization. We have used the VMware Workstation 7.1.0 as a software tool for virtualization and AVG PC Tune Up 2011 to present the difference in CPU utilization before and after virtualization.
This paper helps to identify the main reasons for the growing need for data centre virtualization. The results in this paper show that a virtualized infrastructure can potentially increase the CPU utilization by a significant margin, thereby suggesting an efficient and faster way of resource utilization, saving processing time, reducing the cost incurred in building separate physical servers and furthermore reducing the power consumption.

Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is new network type which is used for short range high speed communication among vehicles and between vehicles and road side infrastructure units. In most of the existing literature, the gateways are considered static, deployed on the road side at fixed distance from each other, depending on their transmission range, which makes the overall system costly. The proposed work is for enabling the mobile data access for vehicle anytime and anywhere. Dynamic clustering of vehicles is used to achieve this access of mobile data in vehicles. Clustering is done here based on zone based approach and by considering the dwelling time of vehicles with their velocity. Dwelling time of a vehicle is the time of that vehicle that resides in a particular range. Zone based clustering is similar to normal clustering but all of the members of this clusters can act as cluster head. The different clusters can be overlapping each other. The velocity of vehicles taken here are 40m/s, 60m/s, 80m/s and 100m/s. The velocities of vehicles in same track have same velocities for simplifying the simulation. Requirements of vehicles such as ambulance, fire service vans are crucial during emergency situations. Hence such vehicles need to be given a high priority in this network architecture. Prioritization of vehicles can be done by considering inter vehicular communication property calculating the deviation of vehicular velocities.

Physical, chemical, ionic, biological studies were conducted at hot springs Unkeshwar in (Maharashtra State, India). It is positioned on south east corner of Maharashtra. Unkeshwar is situated on the bank of river Penganga. Objective: This papers aims to study the physical, chemical and biological properties in the ecological system of Unkeshwar spring. Methods: The physical and chemical parameters were analyzed as per APHA. Results: The physical parameters included: Temperature, Total solids, Total dissolved solids, Total suspended solids and electrical conductivity. The chemical parameters included: pH, free carbon-dioxide, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, Phenolphthalein alkalinity, total alkalinity, Salinity. Ionic parameters like chloride, phosphate, sulphate, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, chromium and manganese. Also the biological parameters studied standard plate count and most probable number. Conclusions: The water quality comparison of Unkeshwar spring in Nanded reveals that although the situation is not worst but it has to be maintained. Some of the water characteristics are below the permissible limit in the post-monsoon season and some are above the permissible limits in pre-monsoon season. This may be due to dilution of water by raining. Overall study showed that the water is more polluted in pre-monsoon as compared to post-monsoon. Hence this hot water spring should be preserved for its sulphur contents that possess medicinal value and cure skin diseases.

The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological profile and evaluate risk factors of acute pesticide poisoning. A retrospective study of poisoning cases, declared between January 2000 and December 2008 in different sanitary structure in Tadla-Azilal, then brought together in the Moroccan Poison Control Center, was conducted. This region is characterized by an important agricultural activity and knows a frequency of poisoning raised by this toxin. During the study period, 1027 acute pesticides poisoning cases were collected. Most resulted from the province of Beni-Mellal. The average age was of patients 27.15

In the present paper a novel region based active contour method is developed by formulating a new signed pressure force (SPF) function. The method has been applied to the echocardiographic images for getting the desired boundary. The method is useful for finding the automatic boundary detection of other images (Microbiological, MRI, CT, Natural and welding joint etc.) as well. Level set method in combination with original SPF has not been able to give satisfactory results during the segmentation of echocardiographic images. There are lots of noises present in the echocardiographic images those create difficulties in the segmentation process. The proposed method resolves all these difficulties in such a manner that the output image is having the proper boundary detection without any disturbances and noises. The very important advantage of this method is that it gives a very fast response in terms of time taken by CPU and the number of iterations. Fast response is very important in the clinical area especially in diagnosis purpose. The presented model is an advancement of Selective Binary and Gaussian Filtering Regularized Level Set (SBGFRLS) method. Proposed model is more robust against images with weak edge and intensity inhomogeneity when compared with the performance of earlier methods.

The Retro Placental Hematoma (RPH) or placental abruption untimely normally inserted paroxysmal is an accident that threatens maternal and fetal prognosis. It is a major emergency obstetric pathology and remains the second leading cause of maternal mortality after postpartum haemorrhage. It is actually very difficult to have an accurate evaluation the frequency of the HRP because it requires a complete table including Pathologists; or simple macroscopic or microscopic findings; or purely clinical diagnosis for some. Its occurrence requires appropriate resuscitation and adapted care to improve the prognosis. We report our study of 49 cases the HRP hospitalized in Obstetrics and Gynecology of Instruction Military Hospital Mohamed V in Rabat, diagnosed on a suggestive clinical picture and the presence of hematoma after examining the issue. This is a descriptive and comparative retrospective study over a period of one year. This study compared two groups: with HRP feotale death in utero and HRP without fetal death in utero. This study aims to evaluate neonatal mortality and maternal morbidity related to RPH and therapeutic modalities. This pathology formerly known pathology multiparous tends to reach more and more heifer. The important blood loss and delay the expulsion worse prognosis causing severe maternal morbidity hence the need to expand the indications for cesarean of retro placental hematoma regardless of the fetal state. Our study aims to contribute to reduce mortality and morbidity Fetomaternal by improving our work is stepping up efforts for a rapid decision-making, and we must educate what especially pregnant women of the risk factors to see from the beginning of symptoms. The pregnancy monitoring, early diagnosis of RPH, an obstetrical treatment adequate, and a resuscitation well driving can improve the prognosis of this disease.

Intrusion detection and border surveillance constitute a major application category for wireless sensor networks. A major goal in these applications is to detect intruders as they cross a border or as they penetrate a protected area. WSN is usually composed of small, low-cost devices that communicate wirelessly and have the capabilities of processing, sensing and storing. It typically consists of large number of resource-limited sensor nodes working in a self-organizing and distributed manner. Due to the ad hoc working style, once deployed, the inner structures and interactions within a WSN are difficult to observe from the outside. Intrusion detection using three-tier accelerometer sensors detect intrusion ships. The sensors deployed on the sea surface get tossed by ocean waves which makes them move randomly. This random movement of the node makes it difficult for most sensors to detect an intrusion. Network data processing with spatial and temporal correlations between nodes estimates the speed of a passing ship. Using signal processing and cooperative signal processing techniques the ocean waves and ship-generated waves are differentiated accordingly with their respective different energy spectrums. Though the algorithm detects multiple ships travelling along distances in different geographical areas it requires a relatively dense network especially to achieve a high detection ratio due to larger attenuation. To resolve such issues the proposed approach introduces the concept of Adaptive self-organizing localization algorithm. This is included in sink level detection to deal with invasion detection ships.

Now, in the era of scientific technology, it is much easier to handle disaster is natural as well as man-made. We can handle a variety of functions that can be used in information technology. It helps to prevent, restore. The development of information technology in the Internet, geographic information systems, remote sensing, satellite communications, so on, helps to assist in the planning, implementation process of risk reduction. Geographic information systems have sufficient capacity and capability to improve the quality and the power of the analysis, the natural hazard assessment, to guide the development of activities as well as assist in the planning of the mitigation measures and implementation of the emergency preparedness for response. Remote sense, however, as a powerful tool that can help you to identify areas of risk, monitoring plan, so that the change in a real-time. Information Technology is playing a big as well as vital role in disaster management. It provides all the required to anticipate, analyze to find the correct solution Just In Time. GIS, remote sensing, other IT tools are available, are being used by different competent authorities for this purpose. Disaster Management is now days a buzz word. Every country, their government, other organizations are working hard to make use of Information Technology in all possible ways to tackle the problems of disaster.