[ الاستحكامات الحربية بمنطقة عسير: العمائر المدنية والحصون والقلاع ]

Volume 18, Issue 4, December 2016, Pages 1280–1299

 

Mahmoud Ahmed Darwish<sup>1

1</sup> Professor of Islamic Archaeology, Faculty of Arts - Minia University, Egypt

Original language: Arabic

Copyright © 2016 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Asir region famous for the existence of a number of architectural heritages which include the Heritage Houses, palaces and ancient castles that played a big role in immunization and the defense of the region landmarks. The Asir region, – by its identity heritage and respect of the archaeological treasures - an environment of urban heritage which features a comprehensive idea of traditional architecture, in every sense of the good solutions reflected the conditions of the local environment «climatic, geographic, social», as well as the content of design solutions in line with the the needs of the individual and the community in terms of customs and traditions. Architectural Heritage varies in Asir region between residential architecture and fortifications taken character of war in its entirety, where the lower walls built of large rocks topped by upper walls built of stone or clay, used logs to become bishop, consists of palaces and fortifications warships from several floors up to seven. One of the most fortified palaces in the Asir region palaces Abha and Khamis Mushayt and Bisha and Namas and Tanumah, and Shada Palace and dad urgent and Wadi Hishbl. Asir was the only in the Arabian Peninsula beyond the Ottoman political spectrum but which is the most dangerous in the Arabian Peninsula on the places where the Ottoman presence. The Ottomans sent a military campaign was able to triumph over Alasirien after heroic resistance valiant and besieged leadership in Reeda. And for the achievements of the Ottomans from the military success in Asir have set up a number of castles citadel as Shamsan, Daqal, Thara, She'aar and Qushla. The research aims to highlight the military architectural heritage in Asir region, which consists of fortifications in civil buildings as fortified palaces, castles and forts that were used for housing, defense and surveillance. The scientific method, which runs the research, to study the fortifications in civilian buildings, forts and castles in the region of Asir, the descriptive approach of these buildings on one side and the analytical method and comparative of defensive architectural elements inertial fortified castles and contemporary forts on the other. The paper discusses models of castles, forts and military installations architecture established during the Ottoman era, the castles and forts built by locals and local materials as stone and clay, and model form in accordance with the models prevailing fortifications in that region, and these castles built on the foundations of previous castles on the Ottoman era.

Author Keywords: Asir, Architectural Heritage, Shamsan Castle, Daqal Castle, thara Castle, she'aar Castle, Qushla.