Volume 41, Issue 4, February 2024, Pages 946–956
Innocent MUFUNGIZI1, Ruben LOOLA2, Jean KABULO3, Ridi DIAKONDUA4, Hubert KAWAYA5, Roda BONGELI6, Jonathan MUSITU7, Koy KASONGO8, and Aymar AKILIMALI9
1 Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, B.P. 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
2 Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, B.P. 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
3 Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, B.P. 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
4 Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, B.P. 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
5 Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, B.P. 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
6 Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, B.P. 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
7 Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, B.P. 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
8 Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, B.P. 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
9 The marine Biological Association (MBA), Plymouth, United Kingdom
Original language: English
Copyright © 2024 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Background: Water has an important place in the life of human beings. Regardless of the uses of water, water intended for human consumption must be clean. Despite the fact that the catchments of this water are chemically and microbiologically polluted. The objective of this study is to evaluate the interactions between types of water including that intended for human consumption in the city of Kinshasa. Methods: Our analytical and experimental study based on laboratory analysis which was carried out over a period of approximately one month (the month of September 2023) while respecting a certain number of steps. This involves geo-environmental investigation, geographic location, collection and analysis of samples as well as interpretation of the results. Results: After our chemical analyses, we found that the pH of the water is very acidic, the turbidity of the water analyzed is normal, the conductivity is below normal as well as the permanganate index, nitrites and chlorides. Phosphate and nitrates exceed the normal value. Bacteriological analyzes show the development of colonies with the presence of total and fecal coliforms and Escherichia Coli. Conclusion: The results of the analyzes showed that the water is contaminated and polluted chemically and biologically by chemicals (through the abusive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides which release nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorine) coming from the activities agricultural and livestock farming.
Author Keywords: Contamination, Hydrochemistry, REGIDESO, PCA, WIHC.
Innocent MUFUNGIZI1, Ruben LOOLA2, Jean KABULO3, Ridi DIAKONDUA4, Hubert KAWAYA5, Roda BONGELI6, Jonathan MUSITU7, Koy KASONGO8, and Aymar AKILIMALI9
1 Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, B.P. 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
2 Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, B.P. 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
3 Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, B.P. 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
4 Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, B.P. 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
5 Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, B.P. 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
6 Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, B.P. 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
7 Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, B.P. 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
8 Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, B.P. 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
9 The marine Biological Association (MBA), Plymouth, United Kingdom
Original language: English
Copyright © 2024 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background: Water has an important place in the life of human beings. Regardless of the uses of water, water intended for human consumption must be clean. Despite the fact that the catchments of this water are chemically and microbiologically polluted. The objective of this study is to evaluate the interactions between types of water including that intended for human consumption in the city of Kinshasa. Methods: Our analytical and experimental study based on laboratory analysis which was carried out over a period of approximately one month (the month of September 2023) while respecting a certain number of steps. This involves geo-environmental investigation, geographic location, collection and analysis of samples as well as interpretation of the results. Results: After our chemical analyses, we found that the pH of the water is very acidic, the turbidity of the water analyzed is normal, the conductivity is below normal as well as the permanganate index, nitrites and chlorides. Phosphate and nitrates exceed the normal value. Bacteriological analyzes show the development of colonies with the presence of total and fecal coliforms and Escherichia Coli. Conclusion: The results of the analyzes showed that the water is contaminated and polluted chemically and biologically by chemicals (through the abusive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides which release nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorine) coming from the activities agricultural and livestock farming.
Author Keywords: Contamination, Hydrochemistry, REGIDESO, PCA, WIHC.
How to Cite this Article
Innocent MUFUNGIZI, Ruben LOOLA, Jean KABULO, Ridi DIAKONDUA, Hubert KAWAYA, Roda BONGELI, Jonathan MUSITU, Koy KASONGO, and Aymar AKILIMALI, “Assessment of interactions between raw water from the N’Djili river, groundwater and water treated by the Water Distribution Administration in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo,” International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 946–956, February 2024.
