Good alumina production using the Bayer process depends on the regularity of the alumina dissolution parameters, as failure to control these factors leads to a drop in alumina yield. This work has enabled us to identify and propose solutions to the anomalies linked to alumina dissolution. An analysis of the dissolution parameters (temperature, liquor concentration, residence time and saturation rate) shows that the alumina yield from January to December was irregular. This fluctuation in alumina yield remains the same for all the parameters studied. Chemical analysis was used to provide results for certain parameters. These included spectral analysis, pH meter analysis and methrom analysis of samples taken from the etching plant. These analyses showed the different behaviours of the concentration of the liquor and the content of the different bauxite constituents. An analysis of the graphs shows that the parameters vary according to the plant’s instructions. All the results obtained show the need to regulate the alumina dissolution parameters. Better management of these factors will help to improve alumina yield.

Retinoblastoma is the most common malignant intraocular tumor in children under 5 years old. Survival rates, ocular and visual preservation are major challenges in this disease. This study aims to determine the epidemio-clinical, therapeutic and prognostic profile of patients with retinoblastoma who have been treated in the pediatric hemato-oncology department of the university Hospital Hassan II of Fez. It is a retrospective and descriptive study of all children followed for retinoblastoma at the pediatric hemato-oncology department, over a period of 11 years and 10 months from January 1st, 2012 to October 31, 2023. During this period, we collected 65 cases. The mean age at diagnosis is 25 months and the ratio is 0.9. The mean time to diagnosis is 5 months. Symptoms are dominated by leukocoria (84.2% of cases), followed by exophthalmia (15.8% of cases) and sarbismus (13,2% of cases). The retinoblastoma is unilateral in 70.7% of cases and bilateral in 29,3% of cases. Enucleation was indicated in 97% of cases. The majority of patients were treated by the combination of chemotherapy and surgery (69.2% of cases). Surgery only was indicated in 27,7% of cases and conservative treatment in 26,1% of cases. Radiotherapy was indicated in 9,5% of cases. The overall survival rate at the end of treatment is 75.4% and the five-year survival rate is 60%. The prognosis of retinoblastoma is generally good. In our context, most cases are still diagnosed at advanced stages of the disease, which considerably reduce the overall survival rate and the preservation of the eye and the vision.

With a population estimated at 17.07 million inhabitants in 2021 and an electrification rate of around 45.5% [1], the electricity supply deficit of the City-Province of Kinshasa is estimated at 54.5%. Reversing this trend is one of the concerns of the Government of the Republic. It is within this framework that several rehabilitation and extension programs are underway. These projects are financed by either international donors such as PMURR, PMEDE, PEPUR, EASE MALT, or SNEL SA itself with its own funds, or through direct intervention by the Congolese government. The implementation strategy of the EASE project by SNEL SA DKO will be the subject of this analysis. Considering the volume of data it is supposed to generate, computer management based on NoSQL data is the most appropriate to the point that it is likely to make it efficient.

Background: Water has an important place in the life of human beings. Regardless of the uses of water, water intended for human consumption must be clean. Despite the fact that the catchments of this water are chemically and microbiologically polluted. The objective of this study is to evaluate the interactions between types of water including that intended for human consumption in the city of Kinshasa. Methods: Our analytical and experimental study based on laboratory analysis which was carried out over a period of approximately one month (the month of September 2023) while respecting a certain number of steps. This involves geo-environmental investigation, geographic location, collection and analysis of samples as well as interpretation of the results. Results: After our chemical analyses, we found that the pH of the water is very acidic, the turbidity of the water analyzed is normal, the conductivity is below normal as well as the permanganate index, nitrites and chlorides. Phosphate and nitrates exceed the normal value. Bacteriological analyzes show the development of colonies with the presence of total and fecal coliforms and Escherichia Coli. Conclusion: The results of the analyzes showed that the water is contaminated and polluted chemically and biologically by chemicals (through the abusive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides which release nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorine) coming from the activities agricultural and livestock farming.

The Haute-Comoé watershed in southwest Burkina Faso is characterized by water resources used for irrigated agriculture, among other things. The water resources of the Haute-Comoé watershed consist mainly of the waters of the Comoé River and its tributaries. Over time, pressure on the basin’s water resources has increased due to the expansion of irrigated agricultural areas. With a view to preventing conflicts over the use of water resources, this study was carried out to examine the evolution, over nearly 40 years, of irrigated agricultural areas within market gardening areas. Market gardening is one of the fastest-growing components of irrigated agriculture, particularly since the promotion of small-scale private irrigation launched by the Burkina Faso government in the early 2000s. To achieve the study’s objective, a method based on the processing of a series of satellite images was adopted. The method used consists in classifying a series of images acquired on anniversary dates, but consecutively 7 to 15 years apart (1986, 2001, 2015 and 2023). On the basis of agronomic expertise, a post-classification phase, based on an analysis of the temporal trajectory of classified pixels, was carried out in order to correct certain unlikely pixel trajectories. Results were evaluated by measuring overall accuracy and the Kappa coefficient. Overall accuracies ranged from 72.57% to 81.90% (for the classification phase) and from 88.25% to 92.50% (for the post-classification phase). At the end of the image post-classification phase, a change detection analysis, i.e. a measurement of the intensity of change (spatial variations) within the classes considered, was carried out, making it possible to assess changes in terrain over time, and to identify categories and levels of transition between classes. The study showed that irrigated areas increased by 25% between 1986 and 2023 in the study area.

The purpose of this study was to improve knowledge on the evaluation of the ecological value of a plant formation. This process includes several stages including the definition of the evaluation objective, the inventory of the environment or data collection, the choice of criteria, the rating of the criteria, the calculation of the weighting by criterion and the total weighting and finally, the evaluation of the ecological value of the site. he practical case of the Mamadou Sangaré estate shows that denser and richer forest formations record a higher ecological value compared to savannah formations.

The Tanoe-Ehy swamp forest (FMTE) has been identified as a high-priority site for primate conservation in West Africa. In addition to a lack of knowledge of the plant communities, the site is subject to pressure from local populations both on the periphery and in the interior. The aim of this ethnobotanical study is therefore to determine the uses made of the plant species collected by the local populations. To achieve this, ethnobotanical surveys were carried out in seven localities on the outskirts of the forest. Generally speaking, direct interviews with local people enabled us to identify the techniques and practices used to plant crops and the plants harvested in the study area. A total of 160 people were interviewed, most of them male farmers. The survey showed that most of the plantation land had been acquired by inheritance and had been established on forest land. Monocultural plantations are the most abundant in the study area. It is worth noting that the preferred place for collecting plants is within the FMTE. Most of the plant species collected are used for traditional medicine. They include Landolphia membranacea, Tabernaemontana crassa, Combretum aphanopetalum, Parquetina nigrescens, Microdesmis keayana, Alchornea cordifolia, and Strophanthus hispidus with a rarity index of less than 80%. Given the importance of the FMTE in terms of a particular ecosystem and biodiversity conservation, it is desirable and urgent that, in addition to awareness campaigns for local populations, the process of its definitive classification be accelerated to put an end.

This study concerns environmental degradations noticed in the areas controlled by extractive industry and in the Congolese urban zones. Based on the legal framework established, 2002 – 2016, and on the available results of reserarch, it argues: the management of natural resources henceforth requires more rationality and more responsibility, more attention to ecological balance and to the needs of future generations. It has really detected the notions of biodiversity in Congolese laws focused on the management of natural resources, and has examined the relevance of the Congolese legal framework in relation to environmental, health, ecological and axiological degradations. It has also assessed the quality of the implemention of laws promulgated. Analyses and reflections of this study therefore highlight three major challenges in the Congolese society, namely (1) economy of the cognitive resources, and of the cultural and ecological values, (2) management of the natural resources, and (3) Congolese tragedy. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, analyses and reflections of the study are divided into three sections, that is (1) legal framework for the management of Congolese natural resources: the notions of biodiversity, (2) critique of the Congolese laws considered: their quality and that of their implementation, and (3) biodiversity issues.

In Mexico, the relationship of seed size with the productive and nutritional potential of maize silage needs to be studied. Thus, this study investigated the effect of seed size on yield and the nutritional value at the cutting stage for silage of various maize varieties. The research consisted of two phases: the productivity of maize for silage and the nutritional value estimated in the laboratory. Nine maize varieties, previously classified by their seed size, were used: flat large and flat medium. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with factorial arrangement and four repetitions. The harvest was carried out at the silage-cutting stage (30-35% DM, whole plant). Results for each estimated variable showed significant differences (P<0.001) among varieties, while seed size was significant for only some variables. Based on the absolute value of the standardized coefficients, the outstanding variables were female flowering, total protein, in vitro digestibility, and dry matter yield. In conclusion, maize variety for silage affects the productivity and nutritional value in the cutting stage. In contrast, the effect of seed size on protein yield, protein content, and plant digestibility was minor. The materials Campeón, H-135, H-157, HS-2, and A-791 yielded the highest, while the nutritional value of H-135, Campeón, HS-2, VS-22, and H-358 was outstanding.

The objectives of this study were to describe and analyze the modalities of prescription of psychotropic drugs in patients followed in ambulatory psychiatry. The study was cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical on the prescription of psychotropic drugs in 205 patients followed at the outpatient clinic of the National Psychiatric Hospital of Thiaroye in Dakar, for a period of three months (from February 1 to April 30, 2019). The average age was 34.5 years, 64.9% of patients were without occupation and 15.6% had a history of hospitalization. The disorder had lasted between 1 - 10 years for 59.1% of patients. The most frequent diagnosis was schizophrenia (33.7%) followed by mood disorders (18.1%) and epilepsy (18.0%). The average number of medications per patient was 2.77 and monotherapy was exceptional (0.06% of patients). Antipsychotics were the most prescribed drugs (76.1%), followed by anxiolytics (31.7%), thymoregulators (27.3%), and antidepressants (23.4%). A synthetic antiparkinsonian was found in 51.2% of cases and delayed neuroleptics were prescribed in 13.7% of patients. Classic antipsychotics were prescribed in 50.4% of schizophrenic patients and second-generation antipsychotics in 33.3%. Second-generation antidepressants (serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors) were prescribed exclusively for depressive disorders and anxiety disorders, unlike tricyclics. One-third of bipolar patients (37.5%) received a combination of a thymoregulator and an antipsychotic. Contrary to antipsychotics, which are still dominated by the classics, we note a trend toward the prescription of new antidepressants. However, some prescriptions did not comply with international recommendations. It is important to set up national protocols, based on current scientific evidence but also on the socio-economic context of the country to optimize the quality of psychotropic drug prescriptions.

Spirulina is a food supplement rich in micronutrients and vitamins. It is called «the ideal food for humanity» and the World Health Organization has considered it a «super food» and the best food for the future due to its high nutritional value. The present study aimed to determine the proportions of total proteins in sun-dried spirulina. This was an analytical titration study using the KJELDAHL method. The average proportion of proteins in the spirulina samples was 47.52%. The lowest proportion was 43.14% and the highest was 56.10%. There is no significant difference between the variations in proportions of total proteins of the samples studied. However, the protein proportions of spirulina depend considerably on the climate and the growing area. Drying and packaging spirulina remains the only means of wide commercial distribution. Given the nutritional losses that can occur during storage, it is suggested that spirulina be consumed quickly after harvesting in order to maximize the nutrient benefit.

Adolescent exposure to marital violence is also an anxiety-inducing situation like any other negative life event. This exposure constitutes, among other things, the most significant anxiety-provoking situations among the various victims. The literature shows us that anxiety among adolescents increases as marital violence persists. This increase is due to the adolescence period which is marked by a quest for identity. This study aims to study the psychological factors that organize the anxious experience among adolescents exposed to marital violence. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with three adolescents exposed to marital violence. The results obtained reveal that in adolescents exposed to marital violence, the adolescent’s life is marked by the feeling of losing the mother following the various injuries. This will create different behavior in the subject (fear, sadness, worry, stress and anxiety). This behavior will now generate anxiety in them and in this case, the psychological system will be invaded by psychological vulnerability, psychosocial stress and imagination focused on acts of violence.

ABSTRACT: This article seeks to define the concept of the cinematic film and the criteria for its classification, because examining these two elements is important from multiple angles, including seeking to overcome the problem of discrepancy in defining concepts, translating them, framing them, and employing them in their correct cognitive context, and having an accurate awareness of the mechanisms of the cinematic film and what it shares in some or most of its components, in addition to Distinguishing between cinema as an art and discourse and its technical aspect.

Hungary and Tunisia are two countries that rely heavily on FDI as an important pillar of economic growth. These countries are similar in terms of market size, geographic proximity to Europe and in particular from the point of view of attractiveness to FDI. However, they are dissimilar from the point of view of economic performance, the productivity of factors of production, highly skilled labor, and so on. This article proposes to make, on the one hand, a comparison of attractiveness policies in the two countries as well as to present the quantitative specificities of FDI. On the other hand, this article focuses on the presentation of motivations as well as different strategies of investors. Finally, this work focuses on the effects of FDI on economic restructuring as well as on technology transfer in the two countries for the first half of the third millennium.

This work focuses on the status of the feeding system for pigs reared in the Mbinga-Sud group, Kalehe territory, in South Kivu. He made use of a survey questionnaire with a section of questions to collect the raw data then encoding them finally to produce graphs to produce. The results show that 96% of breeders find that the feeding system of pigs reared in the Mbinga-South group is dominated by conventional feed that pigs pick up during scavenging. Regarding the types of simple food available in the Mbinga-Sud group to feed pigs semi-intensively, 44% of farmers show that green fodder and particularly cassava leaves (sombe) are the most used, 30% affirm that tubers and roots occupy second place, 17% of respondents distribute waste cereal flour and cassava; finally, the 9% indicates the banana constitutes for them a food to provide energy to the pigs. As for the breeding system resulting from a feeding system, the results show that in pig breeding in the Mbinga-Sud group, only 9% of breeders say that breeding is practiced in pigsties or cages; the 61% show that rearing on ties or stakes in a semi-intensive breading system but with the level of rudimentary technicality for the production of pigs; 28% of breeders opt for the supply of food from agricultural residues and remains and 2% practice semi-industrial breeding.

The objective pursued in this article is to study Correspondence Factor Analysis (CA), which is an extremely powerful tool for synthesizing information, widely used when dealing with a large mass of qualitative data. treat. It also makes it possible to identify existing relationships between individuals by evaluating their similarities, as well as relationships between variables by evaluating their connections, and obtain a simple representation of the data cloud in a low-dimensional space closer to reality. Factorial analysis of the data was applied using R software, version 4.3.1 (2023-06-16 ucrt). The application of the said method was carried out on «the nutritional status of Congolese children under 5 years old, from January to December 2022, PRONANUT, DR Congo». The data was summarized in a table of 26 row categories and 12 column categories. The 26 rows (individuals) represent the health provinces of DR Congo and the 12 columns, the variables relating to the activities of the PRONANUT Preschool Consultation.

DNA sequence Cigarette Smoking, Betel leaf chewing, and alcohol consumption are major cause of oral cancer in Asia. The difficulty in quitting, coupled with patients’ economic conditions affects the inability to get diagnosed early, driving death rate higher. There has been major advancement in molecular sciences, computational biology, and other fields today, but we are not still able to pinpoint the causes of oral cancer, also known as Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Early detection leads to better survival rate, therefore, education on yearly check-ups plays a vital role. Computational analysis at the genomic (DNA sequence) can help patients with targeted cellular treatment and hopefully a cure. In this paper, we would look at computation tools used in detecting OSCC and various analysis. Analysis includes detecting abnormality in the cell and other molecular reactions which later morph into a cancerous cell. Later, we investigate all computational tools or techniques from local and global sequence alignment, protein structure, gene, functional structure analysis which help medical staff detect cancer, which in turn can help with oral cancer treatment, prognosis and hopefully a cure.

Introduction: Irrational prescription of drugs is still a public health issue, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to assess prescribing quality using WHO indicators and identify factors associated with antibiotic prescribing at first-line health facilities in the city of Kisangani, the Democratic Republic of Congo. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study from 1 July 2019 to 30 June 2020. Using systematic sampling, we selected 21 first-line health facilities and 715 outpatient consultation forms. We then performed univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses using Epi Info7 and OpenEpi 3.01. Results: The average number of drugs prescribed per consultation was 4.0 (SD=1.5); the percentages of consultations with an antibiotic and an injection prescribed were 69.2% and 69.5%, respectively; 75.2% of drugs were prescribed by generic name, and 83.5% were from the national essential drugs list. Factors associated with antibiotic prescribing were the absence of care flowcharts in health facilities (OR= 0.36, 95%CI= 0.20-0.63), two or more diagnoses (OR= 1.51, 95%CI=1.05-2.17), three or more drugs prescribed (OR=4.12, 95%CI=2.49-6.79), and more than ten years of prescriber’s professional experience (OR=1.92, 95%CI=1.33-2.78). Conclusion: The prescribing indicators did not align with WHO standards, demonstrating the poor rationality of drug prescribing behaviour. Promoting rational drug prescribing in first-line health facilities, with a particular focus on antibiotics, is necessary.

The major issue of this study is to identify the causes and consequences of the fire in the city of Kinshasa. The aim is to analyze the statistical data of the fires recorded by the Corps of Firefighters of Kinshasa (in acronym CSPK) to know and understand the causes in order to characterize the consequences in order to better prevent them. This study is based on the fact that knowledge of the origins of the fire is the foundation of any effective prevention policy. The method of observation and the documentary method followed by investigations in the field (in particular surveys by interview with the victims) and laboratory work helped us to arrive at the results. The results obtained from our investigations and resulting analyzes show that anomalies in the use of electric current, poor management/handling or misuse of dangerous products or equipment (candle, flammable products, etc.), material failures on the part of the CSPK are the main causes of fires in the city of Kinshasa. The consequences range from material losses to those of human life, including serious injuries and burns to people who are victims of the fire.

Works on the diversity, frequency and abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes present in the rhizosphere of cocoa agroforests is lacking in Togo, although these informations are essential for establishing effective control methods. The aim of this study was therefore to identify the parasitic nematodes infesting cocoa agroforests in Togo. Soils and roots were sampled in 24 orchards spread over four agroforest types (< 10 years, 10 to 20 years, 21 to 30 years and > 30 years) and three agroecological subzones (Agou peneplain, piedmonts and plains and Plateaux and mountains). The nematodes extracted were identified on the basis of morphological criteria. The study revealed the presence of Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Scutellonema and Radopholus genera and microbivorous nematodes (bacterivores and fungivores). In roots, the genera Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus and Helicotylenchus are the most frequent, accounting for 82.46%. In soils, the Meloidogyne genus and microbivorous nematodes were the most frequent, accounting for 72.65%. Finally, the highest nematode infestations were recorded in agroforests of less than 20 years in the piedmonts and plains. The results obtained could serve as a basis for developing effective nematode management strategies for sustainable cocoa production.

North-western Guinea is home to significant mineral resources (bauxite, par excellence), diamonds and gold, as well as a few indications of useful minerals. Significant deposits of useful minerals have now been identified, some of which are being exploited (e.g. the bauxite deposits of Boké, Fria, Boffa and Télimélé). However, a good number are still foreseeable, given the favorable geological conditions. So, with the prospect of obtaining appreciable and acceptable scientific results, the aim of this work is to study the bauxitic facies and the main geochemical parameters (Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, SiO2 and power) associated with them, among which titanium appears to be the most stable parameter, with a content varying from 1.71 to 4.14% throughout the deposit. Geological work in the study area has revealed the presence of gelomorphic and gravelly bauxites, and has also brought us into contact with certain source rocks (dolerites and cuirasses). Samples processed and analyzed showed alumina content ranging from 37 to over 50%.

Being considered effective and creating value for national economies for many yeras, public organizations have sought in recent years to restructure and perform better. A questioning seems to characterize them given ther dysfunction followed by their poor performance. Obviously, the basic assumptions of administive action as well as traditionnal instruments appear insufficient and obsolete. Faced with this situation, a new perception of public management, in this case NPM, there fore becomes essential to meet the needs at the hour. The objective of this paper aims to explain the articulation of the New Public Management concept in public organizations. Although in Chad, the implementation of this new management style has been significantly delayed, organizations using this concept are campaining for performance. To the extent that they have managed to reduce organizational dysfuction, NPM becomes an absolute necessity for all organizations, in order to achieve the desired performance.

In view of the importance of squirrel cage induction machines in industrial applications, effective methods are needed to detect faults that could disrupt their operation. Despite their robustness, squirrel cage induction motors are subject to some faults, such as the broken bar. Current is one of the most widely used parameters for diagnosing squirrel cage induction motors. In most cases, however, the Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA) method is used. However, in the specific case of a broken bar, analysis of the current intensity in each rotor bar enables precise detection of a broken bar. The present work analyzes the evolution of the current intensity in each rotor bars in the case of a healthy rotor and in the presence of a broken bar. The current intensity in the rotor bar is strongly impacted, with a greatly reduced current. This situation also leads to a distribution of current intensity in the neighboring bars. As a result, the intensity of the current flowing through these bars increases according to their proximity to the faulty bar.

One of the acute complications of diabetes is diabetic ketoacidosis characterized by an increase in blood acidity and the formation of ketone bodies which are toxic to the body. It is from this understanding that we evaluated the impact of the consumption of a functional water-soluble salt formulated from sodium bicarbonate «Bicarbon-Plus» in alloxan induced diabetic rats. For this purpose, 4 batches of 8 rats of the Wistar strain were used. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were accessed, as well as physiological tolerance. Bicarbon-Plus significantly reduced blood sugar and ketone levels in diabetic rats. The lost of lot of weight was observed in the diabetic rats that did not received Bicarbon-Plus. An increase in HDL-C levels was observed from the 14th to the 36th day in diabetic rats that consumed the Bicarbon-Plus. The diabetic rats having consumed 0.250 mL/100 g of b.w. Bicarbon-Plus, the ALT level decreased significantly, and the AST level was not significant compared to the diabetic control group. A decrease in creatine and urea levels was observed in diabetic rats that consumed Bicarbon-Plus. And diabetic rats that consumed Bicarbon-Plus have showed an extremely significant decrease in CRP levels, and an extremely significant increase in SOD levels. So Bicarbon-Plus is alkalizing, lowers ketonemia, hypoglycemic, increases HDL-C, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and protects the mass of the pancreas. It is safe, and could be recommended for the treatment of diabetes.

This work determines the physical (density, shrinkage and porosity), mechanical (compression, bending, stress and Elasticity modulus) and thermal (conductivity, diffusivity, effusivity) characteristics that allow the rational and optimal use of palm tree, which is one of the biomaterials used in traditional and semi-modern construction in northern Cameroon. These properties were determined experimentally at different temperatures using the weighing method, mechanical tests and thermal using the «MINCO 230Ω P» heating resistor inserted between two samples. The test results obtained are interesting and satisfactory. The heartwood density varies from 300 to 400 kg.m-3 and the sapwood from 750 to 1,000 kg.m-3. Porosity depending of moisture content is between 76 and 80% for the heartwood and from 38 to 52% for the sapwood. The volumetric shrinkage rate is from 5 to 14% for the heartwood and from 6 to 9% for the sapwood. The stress and the Young’s modulus of Borassus Aethiopum mart. at 12% of moisture content are respectively evaluated at 74.789 ± 5.171 MPa and 3,434.548 ± 82.195 MPa. The longitudinal compression stress is 58.290±3.582 MPa and 29.210±1.775 MPa for transverse compression, the longitudinal compression Young’s modulus is 1,386.470 ± 41.661 MPa and transverse compression is 209.418 ± 6.456 MPa. The thermal effusivity is 458.189 J/m2Ks1/2, the volumetric heat capacity is 322,627.7 J/m3K and the thermal conductivity is 0.651 W/mK are the thermal characteristics obtained. The results of the tests obtained are important and advantageous for the using of palm tree in civil engineering and cabinet-making.

Nowadays, faced with spatial, economic and environmental constraints, kinship relationships are transforming; is parenthood still experienced in the same way ? Sprawling, unlimited? The answer is that we are now seeing a restriction of the space of parenthood and a segmentation of community groups. From this point of view, parenthood is seen as a code of conduct, interpersonal skills and know-how which are expressed throughout daily situations in words, actions, sharing, emotions and pleasures, in recognition of the child., but also, in authority, requirement, coherence and continuity. The objective of this article is to analyze the influence of parents’ words on the psychological balance of children from single-parent families in Benin. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with an inductive aim. Individual interviews were carried out with the children, parents and resource persons on the basis of questionnaires relating to the influence of speech. Analysis of the data reveals that many children from single-parent families cannot stand being teased by their parent (19.62%). The child lacking affection or emotional rejection (18.35%). It is in the same wake that bad words (17.02%), comparisons (14.55%), unpleasant labels (12.02%), stigmatization (9.49%) and bad appreciations (6.96%). Thus, this study shows that children are influenced in their development by the words of their parent. So, by favoring kind words, appreciations, dialogue, communication, they will be able to contribute to the development and well-being of their children.

Elastic Optical Networks (EON) have emerged as a promising solution to meet the demands for flexible and high-capacity communication. However, due to spectral contiguity and continuity constraints, the efficient allocation of resources, such as bandwidth, in EONs remains a challenging task, especially for multicast connections. Indeed, in dynamic traffic scenarios, frequent establishment and teardown of requests lead to the formation of isolated spectrum fragments that cannot be allocated to other requests. Several reallocation approaches exist to aggregate these fragments by reconfiguring already established connections in the network to accommodate new connection requests. All these approaches aim to minimize disruptions for users by minimizing the number of reconfigured connections in the reallocation process. We propose a new approach called Dynamic Bandwidth Reallocation for Multicast Connections (RDBM), which is specifically designed for multicast connections. The RDBM algorithm primarily aims to minimize disruptions during the process of reallocating bandwidth for multicast connections while reducing the blocking probability for dynamic multicast traffic.

Taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) is an under-exploited crop in Burkina Faso, although it can contribute to food self-sufficiency. The major constraint to promoting its cultivation is the unavailability of healthy seeds. Corms are rich in water (75%) and nutrient reserves, making them difficult to store. The use of plant biotechnologies is one of the effective means of overcoming this problem, hence the interest of this study, which focuses on the response of a local variety of taro (Tabouchi) to a phytohormone (6-benzylaminopurine) in in vitro culture. After budding, the resulting buds were disinfected with NaClO at different doses (2.75, 3 and 3.7%). The disinfected explants were subcultured on ½MS medium supplemented with BAP (2; 4 and 6 mg/L). Seven quantitative characteristics were measured during the trial. With regard to disinfection, the 3.7% NaClO dose showed the lowest contamination rate (43.33%). The culture medium containing 6 mg/L BAP induced sprout tip by inhibiting the root system of vitro plants. All the growth parameters measured showed better performance in the control medium, except for the number of shoots (NR). The control medium did not produce any shoots, even though it promoted the development of the in vitro plants’ root system. The medium containing 6 mg/L BAP would be recommended for the production of shoots, while the control medium would be favorable for the regeneration of plants without shoots.

The present work was carried out with the aim of studying the influence of cassava flour (Manihot esculenta) on the quality of the carcass, weight of relative organs and the organoleptic parameters of broiler meat. The experiment involved three hundred (300) one-day-old «Cobb 500» broiler chicks, distributed among 18 experimental units comprising six treatments and three repetitions each. Six diets were used, namely, two control diets (Rt1 and Rt2) containing corn as the main source of energy and four experimental diets comprising 25% (R25), 50% (R50), 75% (R75) respectively. and 100% (R100) cassava flour. The experiment lasted 35 days. The results of the analyzes revealed that chickens fed with diets containing cassava flour had carcass yields which decreased and also the relative weights of the digestive organs (liver, gizzard, pancreas and intestine) increased with the increase in the rate of digestion. inclusion of cassava flour in the ration. Diets did not have a significant effect on meat texture, juiciness and tenderness. However, beyond 50% inclusion rate of cassava flour, diets (R75) and (R100) influence the flavor and the color of the meat. In conclusion, cassava flour at an incorporation rate above 50% in broiler feed did not have a significant effect on carcass yield, but influences the flavor and color of the meat.

A feeding study was conducted at the NANGUI ABROGOUA University fish farm between August and September 2022. It assesses the effects of one an imported extruded diet (KOUDIJS) used as a reference (AR) and three practical diets (ACOP, ACOT and MA), on growth and cost-benefit ratio. These diets contain 30% protein. The basic composition of formulated diets is: ACOP (coconut and soybean oil cakes, rice and wheat bran, vegetable oil); ACOT (cotton seed and soybean oil cakes, rice and wheat bran, vegetable oil) and AM (Cotton seed, coconut and soybean oil cakes, rice and wheat bran, vegetable oil). Larvae weighing 145 mg ± 6 were fed to satiety in 8 aquariums at the density of 4 larvae/L. The larvae were fed at 9h, 11h, 13h and 15h. After 35 days of rearing, the final average weights obtained were 1.45 ± 0.01g, 1.51 ± 0.01g and 1.67 ± 0.01g, respectively for ACOP, AM and ACOT, against 1.85 ± 0.06g for AR. The best feed conversion index (CI= 1.31 ± 0.04) and daily growth (1.71 ± 0.06g/day) were obtained with AR, followed by ACOT. The highest feed conversion index (CI= 1.68 ± 0.01) and lowest daily growth (1.33 ± 0.00g/day) were recorded with ACOP. Compared to AR, formulated diets reduced feed cost per unit weight gain by 66-71%.

The aim of this study is to highlight the combined effects of climate change and anthropization on surface waters in the Agnéby watershed. The global hydrological balances produced by the SWAT model show that in the year 2050, precipitation will record a deficit of 1.87%, while actual evapotranspiration will be 2.80% higher. Groundwater recharge and runoff will be in deficit by 2.5% and 9.77% respectively, and stock variation will be in deficit by 36.62% compared with the reference period. For 2080, precipitation, groundwater recharge and runoff will be in deficit by 1.23%, 1.5% and 10.23% respectively. Actual evapotranspiration will show an excess of 3.37%, and the change in stock relative to the reference period will also show a deficit of 20.42%. The hydrological consequence of this state of affairs is the depletion of surface water resources over the years in the Agnéby watershed due to anthropogenic activities. The predominance of evapotranspiration can be explained by the fact that the area will be covered by large-scale farming operations. These could also be explained by the fact that the area will be less favorable to surface runoff than to infiltration.

In Côte d'Ivoire, cocoa beans production (2,248,000 tons in 2020/2021) generates huge quantities of pod residues that are abandoned in the cocoa plantations, promoting the spread of diseases, such as brown pod rot. The objective of this study was to assess the availability of shelling residues and to describe the different utilization in cocoa farming. A survey was conducted with 125 producers in four departments of high cocoa production. The results showed that the production of 480.19 kg/ha/year of beans generated 960.40 kg/ha/year of shells. The crushing residues used are the shells (44% of the producers), the rachis (13.6%) and the mucilage juice (100%). The shells are spread under cocoa trees and/or banana trees (22.4%), are composted (8.8%) or used for manufacturing potash (7.2%). The rachis are displayed under the cocoa trees or used in animal nutrition. The juice is sometimes mixed with herbicides to control weeds on farms. This study showed that there is a large quantity of shelling residues available, but the rate of use is still low. Improving valorization practices would contribute to sustainable agricultural production as well as reducing sanitation problems in cocoa farms.

Demographic pressure on watercourses in Côte d’Ivoire is causing increasing degradation of water quality. One of the indicators of water quality is the micro-algal population. The aim of this study is to assess the trophic status of the waters of the Comoé River, based on physico-chemical parameters and micro-algal populations. Four sampling campaigns were carried out from February 2020 to January 2021 at ten selected stations on the river. Abiotic variables were measured in situ and in the laboratory. Microalgae were collected using a plankton net and observed under photonic and electron microscopes for identification. Several indices for assessing the trophic status of the waters were calculated. The study revealed that the waters are relatively warm, rich in nutritive salts and not very transparent. A total of 190 taxa in 79 genera, 39 families, 23 orders, 10 classes and 5 phyla were identified. The Euglenophyceae class, with 58 taxa (30.52%), is the most diverse. The calculated A and B indices range from 6.14 to 7.69 and from 1.14 to 2.23 respectively. The C index fluctuates between 0.20 and 1.18. Nutrient concentration, transparency values and the A, B and C indices indicate that the river’s waters are eutrophic, with more pronounced eutrophy in the middle and lower reaches.

The products obtained as a result of the simultaneous reaction of chitosan, a Schiff-based natural polyaminosaccharide, with formaldehyde and benzaldehyde were synthesized by the method indicated in the experimental part of the article. The two amine groups formed were then reduced with NaBH4 to give the corresponding tertiary amine derivative. The structure of the obtained product was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis was determined. The introduction of hydrophobic methyl and benzyl groups into the macromolecule of chitosan reduces the intermolecular interaction and hydrogen bonding. causes. This leads to an increase in the degree of polarization and better solubility of the functional groups of the product in the polar environment.

The objective of this article is to evaluate the biocidal effect of the extract of the leaves of Capsicum frutescens in the fight against arthropod parasites (case of Musca domestica and Ixodida ticks) as well as to appreciate the insecticidal and Ixodicidal effect of this extract. At the end of this study conducted in Butembo, North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo on 480 arthropods including 240 flies and 240 ticks, it was found that the extract of capsicum frutescens leaves has an insecticidal action on flies (96.3%) and acaricide on ticks (84.17%) and overall, 433 arthropods (90.2%) have been killed. The analysis of these results showed that the biocidal effect is more insecticidal and its action is fast (10.06 seconds) while it is less acaricidal and its action is not fast (33 hours). The degree of dilution showed a variation in the biocidal efficacy of the leaf extract of this plant.