This study is the subject of the problem of the abuse of liquor and its impact on the health of the population particularly in the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases among consumers. The main objective is to contribute to the reduction of mobility and mortality associated with excessive consumption of alcohol. This study is carried out in the Democratic Republic of Congo, in the vile town of Masina in Kinshasa. The study has resorted to taking the blood pressure in 115 regular consumers of alcoholic bossons people. The end result mounts a prevalence of 15.3% of alcohol consumption (excluding liqueurs) with an average of six bottles per day and a likelihood accumulation of alcohol in the order of the body: 30% (if it is Primus, Skol and Nkoy); Mutzig and 33% and 39% Doppel (pourTurbo King). These consumers have symptoms of hypertension in 20% of cases; and heart disease in 27.8% of cases (14% idiopathic frequent heart palpitations spontaneous vertigo 7.8%; 6% of hypotension).

Production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) considered one of the most important resistance mechanisms that impair antimicrobial treatment of infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae. Four phenotypic methods were compared to detect ESBL production; the tests based on the synergy between a third-generation cephalosporin and clavulanate. These tests are: the double-disk synergy test (DDST) 25 to 30mm, DDST (30mm), DDST (20mm) and the double-disk (Spanish- test). In our study, we worked on 81 strains of ESBL enterobacteriaceae. Synergy test 25 to 30 mm, could detect 90.12% of ESBLs strains. So if we had known the best distance which we will clearly detected the "champagne cork" appearance, we practiced synergy test at 30mm. This test highlighted ESBL production in only 17 (20.99%) strains. distance reduction between C3G disks and clavulanate disk to 20 mm led to detect 73 (90.12%). Double disk test (Spanish test) detected 81 (100%), this test confirms the presence of ESBLS. By comparison with other tests, this test had the highest rate of ESBLS. In most cases; standard disk diffusion tests are effective, and still recommended for ESBL detection in routine laboratories. Nevertheless, it is worth combining standard disk diffusion test with other approaches, such as modified disk tests or E tests.

A total of 37 clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceaes (16 Escherichia coli, 10 Klebsiella pn., 7 Enterobacter Cloacae, 2 Morganella Morganii, 1 Proteus Mirabilis and 1 Citrobacter Freundi ) were recovered during 2014 from four Moroccan regions to study their resistance profile. Among these 37 strains, 19 tell ESBL Enterobacteriaceae. Over this period, the bacterial species most often ESBL producing was Escherichia coli (9 strains), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (7 strains), Enterobacter cloacae (2 strains), and Morganella Morganii (1 strains). The ESBL resistance was screened using disc diffusion method, while the resistance genes were detected by poly

Saline soils are an unfavourable environment for the growth of most legumes. The aim of this work is to compare the biochemical behaviour of three species of bean (Vigna radiata L., Vigna mungo L., and Vigna angularis L.) under salt stress conditions. In order to assess this behaviour, we analysed polyphenols and flavonoids in the roots and leaves. The results reveal variability in the accumulation of polyphenols and flavonoids, depending on the organ of the plant, the species, and the intensity of the saline treatment.

Different electrical power were used (1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, 9 and 12 Volts) for removing algal bio mass by using power supply. Algal caused some problems to electrical power stations when cooling it by using river water. The best result appeared at 12, 9, 6 volts which reached to 100% after 30, 45, 75 min respectively. On the other hand the cell wall didn

The Korba aquifer on the North-Eastern of Cape Bon (Tunisia) has suffered from an overexploitation since the 1960s. This overexploitation has caused a seawater intrusion and a degradation of groundwater quality. Therefore, as part of planning and development of water resources in Tunisia, artificial recharge by treated wastewater was installed in the north of Korba treatment plant since December 2008. The process could act as a barrier for seawater intrusion hydraulic barrier to combat saltwater intrusion and to maintain the quality of groundwater. After 4 years, piezometric maps established from 18 piezometers and 25 observation wells measured showed a progressive increase in piezometric level locally between 2008 and 2012. The increase of piezometric level exceeds 1.5 m per year in some regions, especially around the recharge site. The salinity distribution in 2012 revealed a decrease in groundwater salinity around the recharge area and in the northwest. In addition, stability in a 1 km-wide band parallel to the sea through recharge site was showed. However, in the northwest of the recharge site, high salinity was observed and reaching 7.5 g/l in some wells. The spatial variability of groundwater quality illustrates the complexity of the aquifer contamination by salinization and anthropic activities.

Malaria is a disease that is related to the environment. However, in the search for solutions sanitary measures often take precedence over environmental ones. As a result, the environmental determinants are not adequately taken into account in the approach to fight the disease. This often leads to the ineffectiveness of efforts to tackle malaria. Environmental determinants such as climate are recognized as fundamental factors in issues related to morbidity. In the context of climate variability, the consideration of environmental determinants is particularly important since this could increase the risk of developing malaria vectors. Changing climatic parameters were tracked from 1947 to 2011 using satellite images for Gu

Human beings from cultural point of view are not same. In world, we can see different types of human beings with lot of difference in their styles of living. But one thing which is commonly observed that in culturally diverse countries majority population always tries to dominate the minority population. This tendency many times gives birth to a number of social and law and order problems. In the concerned paper, an analysis will be done on the plight of Uyghur, a minority Muslim population of China. They are suffering both from the hands of Han Chinese (ethnically majority population of China) as well as from Chinese government. It has resulted in ethnic unrest in this part of China.

It

The training within the Moroccan company still faces the challenge to reach a real added value and demonstrate that the costs incurred are investments directly related to performance. Quantitative classic indicators should be enriched by other more qualitative informing on the adequacy of training in relation to actual needs and the company's need. Quantitative and / or qualitative, to address these issues, we discussed the framework of theoretical analysis and the regulatory framework for the practice of training on the job in Morocco. Then we conducted a survey of a sample of public construction sector first, in order to know the level of development of training and modalities within these companies and assess the effectiveness across modes evaluation of training used by their managers.

Objective: The clementine is highly appreciated by consumers due to the good quality as well as taste Pomological. Morocco is among the major exporters of this crop. Therefore, diversification and variety selection are among the main areas of research of citrus breeding program launched by INRA Morocco. Thus, the objective of this study is the analysis of the variation in fruit quality and production in conjunction with the clementine varieties and under the effect of environmental factors. Materials and Methods: Ten clementine varieties grafted on troyer citrange, were planted at a density of 6X4 m

A new approach is presented in this work, to extract electrical parameters of a photovoltaic cell, using the double exponential model. The equivalent circuit parameters of this model are the photocurrent (Iph), ideality factor (?), diffusion current (Iod), recombination current (Ior), series resistance (Rs) and the shunt resistance (Rsh). Several research studies have been performed to extract these parameters. The majority of these developed methods are limited on several levels. In this work the proposed technique is based on the equalization of the electric model of photovoltaic cells, and a polynomial model equivalent. The comparison of these two models at I=0, allows representing the electrical parameters with the polynomial model coefficients. This method is tested on a monocrystalline solar panel and obtained results show the advantage of this technique in level of speed, convergence and precision.

Based on qualitative research, this article aims to study the entrepreneurial motivation of 12 Moroccan engineers who resigned to start their own business. The results of the textual analysis of the case allow to identify a set of push and pull motivation factors. The most important result of this study is the emergence of a new factor, the "degree of utilization of skills" as an entrepreneurial motivation. Also, the results of our research show the importance of the "role model" and "entrepreneurial self-efficacy" in the entrepreneurial decision. Given these results, several recommendations will be presented and the research track will be offered.

The study is aimed at examining the profitability of snail farming in Ndokwa West Local Government Area, Delta State. Relevant data collected includes; socio-economic characteristics of snail farmers, management practices/ breeds of snail, costs and returns of snailery (quantities and prices of both input and output) and constraints of snailery production. Estimated gross margin of N 18,000 and a net profit of N13, 933 were obtained from the study. Snail enterprise is profitable. The result also indicates that snail farmers were mostly male, literate, self-financed and took snail farming as part time. Lack of fund, lack of good breeding stock, pest infestation among others were some of the problems encountered by the respondents. Based on the findings, the study recommends that snail farmers and prospective farmers should ensure high level sanitary measures and medication to reduce pest attack, credit accessibility from formal and informal sources and setting up demonstration centers that will serve as source of improved foundation stocks.

Objective: Identify differential elements of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional and metabolic to differentiate brain lymphomas and malignant gliomas, since both high grade tumor entities may show similar appearance on structural MR imaging. Materials and methods: The MRI sequences diffusion, perfusion and spectroscopy of 22 patients with 6 primary central nervous system lymphoma and 16 holders of malignant gliomas, were analyzed retrospectively. Results: We found that the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) lymphoma lesions is less than or equal to that of healthy tissue contralateral. The perfusion lymphomas, has a relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), slightly increased, on average between 1 and 2 times normal and a characteristic curve with a passage above the baseline. No increased perfusion zone, strictly greater than the contralateral healthy parenchyma was recorded in lymphomas, whereas malignant glioma tumor areas have always frankly hyperperfus

Entrepreneurship is a concept whose borders have greatly expanded over the last decades, and this is both in terms of research than practice. Entrepreneurship is the most effective means that enables to bridge the gap between science and the market, the creation of new businesses and new products and services on the market. This research will attempt to clarify the phenomenon of entrepreneurship by referring to different disciplines and different approaches.

The intrinsic electrical parameters of photovoltaic cells (Rs: series resistance, Rsh: shunt resistance, Iss: the saturation current and ideality factor ?) have a very important role in determining and monitoring the performance of these cells. They help to provide important information on developments or degradation of junctions during electrical operation. They also indicate the intervention limits to replace or repair the PV panels, especially in importance installations. This paper deals a new technique used to improve the quality of the electrical measurements of photovoltaic modules. This method is based on statistical analysis of these measures on two dimensions. The performance of this technique was tested on the P(V) and I (V) characteristics of a PV module. The results show the value of this method because it is able to detect the presence of several types of measurement errors and their origins. A comparison of the results is presented at the end of this work, to show the quality and amount of improvement made by this method on the measurements accuracy of the electrical parameters (Rs, Rsh, ? and Iss).

Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata [L] Walp, is one of the most important grain legume grown in all arid and semi-arid regions of Africa. It contributes to reduce malnutrition and poverty and to achieve food security as well. However, cowpea production is hampered by many biotic and abiotic stresses which include viral diseases. Cowpea mosaic caused by CABMV is the main viral disease of cowpea in Africa. This study aims to determine the CABMV transmission rates through seeds describe the reaction of different cowpea genotypes to the virus and identify sources of resistance to serotype D of CABMV. A variation of seed born transmission of CABMV from 3% to 100% was observed for the varieties B301 and Kvu150. Inoculation of cowpea seedling with CABMV results in pods drop leading to yield loss. A negative correlation (r = - 0.33) was observed between date of onset of symptoms and hundred grains weight. The severity of symptoms varied from one cultivar to another. Thus, the best genotypes were those who had better production namely Kvx780-4 SH (28.08 g), Kvx780-3 (21.52 g), Kvx780-9 (20.31 g) and Gourgou (20, 02 g).

Why and how do companies get indebted? This is the main issue that this work aims to investigate. In fact, through this study we look forward to humbly to the heated debate on the small and medium sized enterprises (S.M.E.) behavior of indebtedness. We have integrated the financial characteristics of SME. This research focuses on three axes of research: Financial theory, the field of S.M.E and the intersection on these too. Based on the literature, three hypothesis have been deduced: they are based first to the financial characteristics of S.M.E, second to the owner manager profile and finally to the characteristics of the external environment. To test the validity of these hypotheses, we have conducted a survey among 30 Moroccan S.M.E working in the industrial sector. The results of this survey have shown that S.M.E present small levels of indebtedness. This indebtedness is basically a short time one. The explanations have revealed the correlation of indebtedness successively with benefit, growth opportunities, and the owner-manager profile. In sum, our study is both descriptive and explanatory of the indebtedness behavior among the national S.M.E.

Purpose: Glycogen storage disease type 1b (GSD1b) is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic defect of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis which results from a deficiency of the glucose-6-phosphate translocase. GSD 1b is characterized by chubby face, hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, hepatomegaly, nephromegaly and growth retardation. GSD1b patients also show neutropenia and/or neutrophil dysfunction that cause increased susceptibility to recurrent bacterial infections and inflammatory intestinal diseases. From 2010 to 2014, 3 cases of GSD1b were diagnosed in Morocco. The purpose of this paper is to report the clinical and genetic characteristics of those GSD1b patients. Methods: We investigated the genetic, immunological and clinical features of 3 Moroccan patients with GSD1b from 3 unrelated kindreds. Results: All patients experience chubby face, hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, hypercholesterolemia / hypertriglyceridemia / hyperuricemia and failure to thrive. All cases suffered from recurrent bacterial and/or fungal infections due to neutropenia. The sequencing of SLC37A4 gene showed the same mutation c.1042_1043delCT in the homozygous state. In the absence of treatment with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), the evolution was marked by the death of two cases in an infectious context despite symptomatic and preventive treatment. Conclusion: Further studies on a large cohort are required to determine the incidence and prevalence of the disease, and to improve the description of the genetic and clinical features of GSD1b patients in Morocco.

Upon completion of this study, the physical properties of cumin seeds (Cuminum cyminum) were determined and their applications were also discussed in order to expand knowledge on this species and provide useful data for seed technology processing. The physical properties were evaluated for four cumin genotypes coming the oasis environment and foreign variety used as control. The studied properties are the axial dimensions, arithmetic diameter, geometric diameter, sphericity index, surface area, bulk density and thousand grain weight. The study revealed a variability between cumin genotypes for all physical properties measured with superiority of oasian genotypes G2 and G4 falling under localities of Afrou and Boudib respectively. The average for three characteristic dimensions, the length, width and thickness of cumin seeds evaluated ranges from 5.07 to 6.18 mm, 1.46 to 1.76 mm and 0.76 to 0, 95 mm respectively. The average arithmetic diameter, the average geometric diameter, the average surface area and the average sphericity index are between 2.44 and 2.96 mm, 1.80 mm and 2.16, 9.83 and 13.91 mm2, 0.35 and 0.36 respectively. The mean bulk density ranges from 0.37 and 0.52 g/ml while the thousand grain weight is between 3.33 and 4.67 g.

This article aims at adequacy between preventive measures and occupational hazards in factories of Gecamines in Lubumbashi from 2010 to2014. It is based on data collected through interviews with workers and foremen, our own extended observation in workshops and on statistics issued by the company. The processing of these data was based on the chi-square test. The main results of this investigation show wearing proper equipment (gloves, boots, overalls, scarf, mask, glasses adapted, etc.) and compliance with foremen

This article aims at studying the difference between the efficiency on the staff of front and after the occupational accident, to determine the incidents of occupational accidents on the efficiency on the staff to the National Company of electrical energy in initials S.N.E.L / Lubumbashi RDC from 2010 till 2014, it based itself on the data collected on basis of the index form of evaluation of the occupational accidents of said undertaken. The data processing was made thanks to the statistical test t of Student. The main results of this study of ground, show that generally speaking, the agents lower their efficiency having known an occupational accident, because the employees who knew occupational accidents, manage to give the best of themselves.

Objective: This study aims to identify factors influencing the health related quality of life (HRQOL) for RA patients. Methods: 103 patients diagnosed were enrolled in the study. Disease activity was assessed through the Disease Activity Score (DAS) 28 scale. Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) was completed by all patients. Pain and fatigue were evaluated with pain Visual analogic scale (VAS) and fatigue VAS respectively. The psychological status was evaluated using the Arabic validated version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADs).The Rheumatoid Arthritis Impact disease (RAID) was used for the evaluation of the impact of rheumatoid arthritis. Results: The mean RAID was 3.78

In this work an attempt has been made to optimize the process of dyeing wool fabric with Kamala natural dye, firstly by enhancing the colour strength obtained via treating wool with Safflower enzyme extract. The noticeable increasing in colour strength as a result of bio-treatment with Safflower extract is attributed to the enzyme extract which contains mainly lipase and protease enzymes which improve the dyeability of wool fabrics. All the parameters that may affect the bio-treatment process were studied in details, also the dyeing parameters such as dye concentration, pH value of the dyeing bath; both dyeing temperature and time were studied to determine the optimum conditions for both the treatment and dyeing processes. In order to develop an eco-friendly natural dyeing process that is compatible with the environment, fixation process was made by using pomegranate as a natural mordant for the Kamala natural dye instead of the artificial ones. The factors affecting the fixation process with pomegranate natural mordant were investigated to conclude the optimum conditions of fixation stage. It is obvious from this study the possibility of having bright deep colour from Kamala natural dye on the bio-treated wool fabric with good fastness properties that will match with the recent demands of using eco-friendly materials to be attuned with the environment.