The purpose of this article is to review the aspects related to cement chemistry, more particularly to the process of clinkerization in the cement rotary kiln. The article also discusses the process engineering of cement manufacturing. Despite the increasing tendency to use substitute materials (fly ash, and blast furnace slags, pozzolans or volcanic ash, etc.), clinker is still today the most used material for producing cement. In this work, we discussed the mechanisms and parameters controlling the reactivity of the clinker phases, whether it was major or minor phases. Alite ((CaO)3.SiO2) or C3S) remains the most important phase in the mineralogical structure of clinker. We have also addressed the question of the partial melting of the charge, which the literature attributes to the presence of two oxides considered as the most melting (Al2O3 and Fe2O3), which are found in the form of aluminate phases ((CaO)3.Al2O3 or C3A) and Ferrite ((CaO)4.Al2O3.Fe2O3 or C4AF). The kinetic parameters of different clinkerization reactions are also discussed. The limitation of the CaOfree and MgOfree contents in the clinker is appropriate for a good reactivity of the clinker. The process evolution is also commented and discussed.