The diagnosis of fertility is a prerequisite for the formulation of balanced and site-specific fertilizer recommendations. To do this, omission trials were set up on 60 plots in the Sourou Valley. The trials were divided into Hydromorphic tropical eutrophic ferruginous brown soils and Vertic tropical eutrophic ferruginous brown soils. Each trial included 06 treatments: 0N-0P-0K, 0N-30P-40K, 120N-0P-40K, 120N-30P-0K, 120N-30P-40K and 120N-30P-40K + 2.5 t.ha-1 of organic matter. Grain and straw yields, soil chemical characteristics and plant nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium exports were determined. The results showed that Vertic tropical eutrophic ferruginous brown soils are slightly richer in carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus than into Hydromorphic tropical eutrophic ferruginous brown soils. Indeed, the initial nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents calculated from the exports were respectively 71.20 kg.ha-1, 30.02 kg.ha-1 and 187.19 kg.ha-1 for the Vertic tropical eutrophic ferruginous brown soils, against 52.47 kg.ha-1, 19.10 kg.ha-1 and 159.62 kg.ha-1 for the into Hydromorphic tropical eutrophic ferruginous brown soils. Furthermore, the results showed that nitrogen and phosphorus are the two limiting nutrients for rice production on these two soil types. The internal N use efficiency was 80.59 kg grain.kg-1 N on into Hydromorphic tropical eutrophic ferruginous brown soils and 60.09 kg grain.kg-1 N for Vertic tropical eutrophic ferruginous brown soils. The results of this diagnostic will be used as a basis for the formulation of balanced and site-specific fertilizer recommendations.