The management of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) has always been at the heart of rural populations’ concerns. In Burkina Faso, many species are of paramount interest within NTFPs, among them, Piliostigma reticulatum occupies a prominent place thanks to its multiple ecosystem uses. This study aims to estimate and characterize fruit production according to the different types of soil and land use according to a toposequence gradient in Yilou. The collection of fruit samples was spread over two years and was carried out in the plots in the fields and fallows. The analyses revealed that the average fruit production is a function of soil types with 27.5 ± 0.6 kg on hydromorphic soils compared to 4.02 ± 0.9 kg on medium-deep leached tropical ferruginous soils. The analyses revealed that the average fruit. Then, according to the land use types, the studies indicate that the average fruit production in the fields is significantly higher than that of fallow land with respectively 8.7 ± 1.5 kg/tree and 4.4 ±0.4 kg/tree. These results show that average fruit production remains dependent on soil types and land use types.