The intensification of pesticide used in agriculture, although essential for crop productivity and the preservation of agricultural products, raises serious concerns due to its potential effects on human health and ecosystems. In Côte d’Ivoire, dessert banana cultivation relies on the use of plant protection products, whose environmental fate remains poorly documented. This study aims to compare the levels of contamination in environmental matrices (soil, water, sediment, and air) in three dessert banana production areas (Banacomoé, Elima, and Niéky) using level I of the Equilibrium Criterion (E.Q.C) multimedia model developed by Mackay. The results of the study showed that soil is the most contaminated matrix when pesticides are used, with log10 (mass) values ranging from 1.5 to 6. In fact, the Niéky and Banacomoé areas have a contamination order of matrices given as: soil > water > sediment > air; unlike the Elima area, where the order is as follows: soil > sediment > water > air. Taking specific volumes into account, a difference is observed between the areas through an increasing gradient of overall contamination, with Niéky < Banacomoé < Elima, with maximum concentrations of 0.44, 2.3 and 7.7 mmol·m⁻3, respectively. Analysis of the active substances common to the three areas identified four molecules (mancozeb, oxamyl, glyphosate and chlorothalonil), whose relative abundance depends on the area. The results also showed that level I of the E.Q.C. model is a relevant tool for assessing the spatial distribution of contaminants in environmental matrices and comparing the impact of pesticides in agricultural areas.

With global warming, heat stress is a phenomenon that is having a major impact on agricultural production. The extreme amounts of conductive heat during periods of drought to which soil surfaces and plants are subjected produce heat stress in crops. To predict these extreme conditions and anticipate actions to adapt our staple crops, an assessment of the energy potential within soils based on long-term hygrothermal behaviour has been carried out. This document assesses the conductive energy flux penetrating cultivated land in the Yamoussoukro area, based on biophysical properties, with the aim of controlling average seasonal and annual changes in energy fluxes. The study considered the closed energy balance model and modified it to obtain an estimate of heat fluxes in real time and space. The results showed that the Yamoussoukro area has two dry seasons contrasted by two rainy seasons with decreasing rainfall since 2013. High amounts of conductive energy were obtained between November and April, and between August and September, varying between -50 W/m2 and -25 W/m², while they were high (0 to 50 W/m²) in the rainy seasons. The calculated average annual net radiant heat flux, latent heat flux, sensible heat flux and conductive heat flux are 221.405 W/m², 218.592 W/m², 44.290 W/m² and -22.270 W/m², respectively. The lightness indices varied from 0.26 to 0.7, while the leaf area indices of the cocoa leaves varied from 2 to 5.42 m²/m².