Planet Earth is severely threatened by natural disasters whose impacts significantly affect the environment, human populations, and socio-economic activities (FFA, 2015). The aim of this study is to analyze the occurrence of extreme rainfall events and the risks of flooding and drought in Agroecological Zone 4 of Benin. The data used in this research include climatological data (daily rainfall and temperature series) as well as planimetric data (geological and pedological maps at a 1: 200,000 scale, land use data, and a Digital Elevation Model). The climatic data were used to calculate climate extreme indices and determine their occurrence using statistical frequency analysis. Flood and drought risk mapping was carried out using a Geographic Information System (GIS), by coding and combining the contributing factors through an index-based mapping method. The results of this study show that extreme rainfall events with return periods ranging from 50 to 100 years are mainly driven by an increase in precipitation events exceeding 20 mm and maximum rainfall recorded over five consecutive days. The flood risk map reveals that high and very high flood risk zones represent 22.37% and 15.24% of the study area, respectively, and are mainly located in the immediate vicinity of watercourses. Regarding drought risk, the mapping indicates that low and moderate risk zones cover 27.10% and 19.44% of the study area, while high and very high risk zones account for 35.75% and 17.70% of the territory, respectively.