Rice productivity needs to be increased to feed Chad’s growing population. Productivity can be increased through the adoption of improved varieties and management practices, which require additional capital inputs. In this paper, we aim to estimate the effect of formal and semi-formal credit on rice productivity in Mayo-Kebbi East Province. We surveyed 600 rice farmers to achieve these goals. We used descriptive statistics, propensity score matching and Heckman’s endogenous treatment effect model to analyze the data. The results indicate that literacy, television and training have had a positive influence on access to formal credit. In general, loan recipients have achieved higher productivity than non-recipients. In the case of the source-specific effect of credit, we have seen mixed results. Given the estimated difference of 438 kg/ha to 495 kg/ha, the results indicated that formal credit recipients had significantly higher productivity than non-formal credit recipients. In contrast, the results of the endogenous treatment effect model suggest that formal and semi-formal credit sources have a significant effect on rice productivity. There is strong support for increasing the disbursement of agricultural loans through formal and semi-formal credit institutions. Financial education training helps improve farmers’ ability to make decisions about the most efficient source of credit.