Nurses play a central role in health promotion, disease prevention, and comprehensive patient care. However, the effectiveness of nursing care is significantly compromised by persistent workload overload, inadequate organizational conditions, and chronic shortages of human and material resources. Data were collected through direct observation, interviews, document analysis, and manual statistical processing. The findings reveal that 87.7% of nurses reported experiencing excessive workload, while 93.7% expressed concerns about their working conditions. This overload resulted in the absence of formal nursing diagnoses, decreased quality of care (including breaches in aseptic practices), medication errors, inadequate monitoring of vital signs, insufficient psychological support for patients, and service disorganization. Excessive nurse-to-patient ratios significantly reduced the ability to anticipate clinical deterioration, thereby increasing morbidity, mortality, and length of hospital stay. The study confirms a direct relationship between nursing workload and deterioration in quality of care. It highlights the urgent need for structural interventions, including adequate staffing levels, improved working conditions, investment in resources, continuing professional development, fair compensation, and the promotion of a safety- and quality-centered organizational culture. Optimizing nurses’ work environments represents a strategic lever to ensure patient safety, restore public trust, and strengthen the long-term performance of the healthcare system.