The leishmaniasis is parasitic diseases transmitted by the sand flies through their bites causing many spots on the human skin. In Morocco, the disease has become a preoccupying central concern for public health. Beni Mellal area, to an extent, constitutes a high risk as it is surrounded by several foci of leishmaniasis: Marrakech, Afourrer and Foum Jam

The use of pesticides in modern agriculture is required to maintain a level of production consistent with the demand and needs. However, most of these molecules are highly toxic and hardly biodegradable. Their massive and repeated use can lead to negative consequences for all components of the environment. However, the challenge facing today is to reconcile wheat production with the international quality standards. So it is in this context that we conducted our research, consisting to identify the influence of treatment with an herbicide widely used in Morocco, on the biochemical parameters of wheat seed. To do this, we tried to make a comparative study of the physicochemical properties of five varieties of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), and to assess their nutritional values. The results obtained show that the samples of treated wheat present highly significant different rates, higher or lower, relative to control, which can reach to: lipids (2.92

In Morocco, water scarcity is a major factor limiting agricultural production. Water shortage is accentuated by soil quality depletion exaggerated by intensive cropping and tillage systems that cause a decline in soil fertility, structure and organic mater. No-tillage system (NT) has been proposed as a viable alternative to conventional tillage (CT) to improve the soil quality and ensure water conservation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate tillage effects on soil moisture, soil organic matter (SOM) and soil aggregate stability in a Calcixeroll soil under three tillage treatments: conventional tillage system (CT), NT system with crop residues removed (NT0), and NT with 50% of crop residues returned to the soil surface (NT 50). Our results showed that residue cover combined with no-tillage (NT 50) has significantly increased the levels of SOM at the top 100 mm soil layer compared to CT and NT0. The results also indicate that soil water content in the three studied layers (0-50, 50-100 and 100-300 mm) was higher for NT. The performance of soil aggregates was better with regard to the different stresses caused by the mechanical tests. This usually leads toward soil consolidation and increasing the soil resistance to wind and water erosion. We conclude that the increased yield associated with no-tillage system can be explained by both better water conservation and soil quality improvement.

Soil degradation is becoming the major problem of Moroccan soils in semiarid areas. This deterioration is due to poor soil management through recurring tillage practices that cause a decline in soil organic matter and degradation of their structural state. This study aims to characterize the impact of tillage, residue management and cropping systems on the aggregate stability and the accumulation of organic matter in a Calcixeroll soil. Three tillage treatments were compared: conventional off-set disking, no-tillage system with two levels of residue: NT100 = full surface residue cover and NT50 = half surface residue cover, along with three rotations: continuous wheat, fallow

Phytoecological observations made in agro-ecosystems in the Chaouia region revealed that the tufts of wild jujube "Ziziphus lotus (L.) Desf." enclaved in the hedges of Barbary fig "Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. " slow their biological activity and their growth and ends by being eliminated completely. The hypothesis that put into play the phenomenon of allelopathy as a mechanism of interference between the two species has been verified in this study. Thus, bioassays were conducted in vitro in the laboratory in order to test the effects of aqueous and hydro-ethanolic extracts of aerial and belowground parts of Barbary fig on seed germination and seedling growth of wild jujube. A dosage of total phenols by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and a subsequent identification of these phenols compounds have been made. The results showed that these phenols are present in both stems and roots of Barbary fig, with varying concentrations (6.91 to 42.75 mg EAG/g of dry weight) according organ of the plant and the solvent used in the extraction. Very significant inhibitory effects up to 100% were observed on the kinetics and the final rate of jujube seed germination as well as its growth. These results allowed us to infer the existence of a strong correlation between allelopathic effects of Barbary fig on jujube and the concentration of total phenols content in different parts of this species of cactus.