The present study was undertaken with the objective of comparing the structure, the richness and the floristic diversity of the forest settlements of zones with Pericopsis elata (clay soil) and those with Julbernardia seretii (sandy ground) in the Uma plain forest located in the Ubundu Territory, District of Tshopo in Orientale province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). This comparative study is a contribution to the improvement of knowledge on the influence of the ground type on the species distribution in the forest of low altitude of Uma. To carry it out, we inventoried all the trees having dbh?10 cm (all species) on 24 plots of 0.25 ha (either, 6 ha on the whole: 3 ha per zone). The following results were obtained: (i) A total of 2372 trees (for all the species) were listed: 1340 (467 trees/ha) for the settlements with Pericopsis elata and 1032 (344 trees/ha) for the settlements with Julbernardia seretii. They respectively represent a basal area of 29 m