The object of this study concerns the definition of the independent administrative authorities, its genesis and its evolution in Morocco and within the compared systems. The study also demonstrates that some analyzes try to give a narrow definition to independent administrative authorities and only see those who dwell on administrative decisions as the only one that can be considered an independent administrative authority. While other analyzes give it a broad definition, estimating that the mere fact of issuing opinions, proposals and recommendations is enough to consider it an independent administrative authority. Finally, the study focuses on the delegation of regulatory power to independent administrative authorities as well as their participation in public decision-making.

Today, more than ever, natural resources are a source of conflict and tension between Morocco and the Polisario Front, which is fighting for legitimacy on the international level. The analysis of the position of the conflict stakeholders clearly shows the strategic issues of natural resources. This article allows us to understand profoundly and without doubt the political and economic instrumentalization of the question of the natural resources that the Western Sahara abounds. In this sense, it also allows us to demonstrate clearly the position of both parties inherent in the management of natural resources. The Polisario front does not stop denouncing at the national level and in the international bodies the extraction and the exploitation of the natural resources in Western Sahara. However, Morocco explicitly states that Western Sahara was a poor and desert territory at the time of Spanish colonization but over the years, large and large projects in the Sahara were able to take place. From a methodological point of view, in order to tackle the questions raised for the purposes of this study, we used the neo-institutionalism approach. This theoretical framework is the most relevant paradigm that has allowed us to understand in depth the position of the protagonists of the conflict.