In this paper, an attempt is being made to analyze and explain fintech in detail. Fintech companies occupy an increasingly relevant position within the current business fabric. Fintech is a type of biometric method. It provides financial services that facilitate our daily lives through technological disruption. The arrival of the technology industry to financial services has implied the emergence of thousands of startups, which through technological platforms offer a wide range of products or services to their consumers quickly and easily, fostering alliances with traditional banking and opening new challenges for the industry. a continuous expansion of these technologies is being observed related this innovation. Therefore, main emphasis in this paper is laid on its evaluation and emergence till 2020.

This article focuses on the concept of "human resources contingency" which supports the strategic alignment of human resources to the organization to improve organizational performance. An exploratory qualitative study was conducted with a sample of 20 Moroccan companies operating in the financial sector to contextualize the concept. The inferred results suggest that opinions are mixed concerning internal contingency factors.

Solanum scabrum Mill. is an important leaf vegetable grown in the tropics and is among the traditional leafy vegetables that are more consumed in food use. In Benin this crop is underused despite its importance in human alimentation, in the traditional pharmacopeia and in socioeconomic plan. Ethnobotanical surveys were conducted in the Plateau department of southeastern Benin and trials were set up to compare the vegetative growth of the two morphotypes on the one hand and to evaluate the effect of spacings on growth. The values of diversity and fairness indices are low (ID = 0.74 <3 and IE = 0.43 <0.5), indicating an uneven distribution of knowledge about the uses of the species. It is the Nagot (Women, ID = 0.16 and IE = 0.09 and men, ID = 0.14 and IE = 0.08) who hold most of the knowledge about the species. Levels of domestication 0 and 1 were recorded in the villages of Ifangni and Sakété while in Kétou, Pobè and Adja-Ouèrè, levels of domestication are advanced. The Nagot practice picking, the Holli are more market gardening while the Mahi are both picking and market gardening. There is a diversity structured in two morphotypes that are distinguished by recognition traits well defined by the populations. Of the three spacings used (20x50 cm, 30x50 cm and 50x50 cm), that of 30x50cm would optimize vegetative growth and yield for a better productivity of S. scabrum. Further domestication studies are needed to promote the sustainable use of this leaf vegetable in Benin.

This study is about on the quality of bituminous coatings used for the rehabilitation of the Grand-Gassam-Nzikro road. Several tests in situ (temperature measurement and coring test) and laboratory tests (binder extraction, Marshall test and particle size analysis) were carried out in order to verify the conformity of the physical and mechanical characteristics of these mixes with those contained in the Notebook of Special Technical Clauses (CCTP). This study has shown that the application temperature of enrobes varies between 135.88° C and 146.2° C. The thicknesses of enrobe used are between 4.7 and 5.6 cm. He showed that the binder contents of different mixes are around 6%. The reliability of enrobe was confirmed thanks to the Marshall tests. Finally, this study has highlighted the two granular classes used for the manufacture of asphalt. The results obtained are satisfactory and conform to the specifications contained in the CCTP.

Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito has developed several resistant mechanisms to the main families of insecticides used in public health. Among these mechanisms, the insensitive acetyl cholinesterase (Ace.1R) confers cross resistance to organophosphorous and carbamates. Fortunately, in an insecticide-free environment, this mutation is associated with a severe genetic cost that affects different biological systems. In insects, the saliva contains bioactive molecules (vasodilatators, anticlotting and anti-hemostatic proteins) which permit a successful blood meal and also facilitate pathogen transmission. In this context, we studied the differential expression of salivary proteins between susceptible and carbamate-resistant (Ace.1R) strains of Cx. quinquefasciatus having a same genetic background. Electrophoresis on acrylamid gel was used to determinate the quantity and quality of salivary proteins expression. The results showed that three majority saliva proteins of the D7 family have lower expression in the resistant strain compared to the susceptible strain. Conversely, ten enzymes involved in metabolic reactions, were up regulated in the resistant strain. This differential expression according to the resistant status of the mosquito may have a repercussion on the biting behaviour and on the transmission of parasites/virus to vertebrate hosts. The next step will consist to study using a video based analysis system the feeding behaviour of susceptible (Ace1SS) and resistant (Ace1RR) mosquitoes in flying chambers. These studies will provide new elements to develop alternative insecticide resistance management strategies in Culex mosquito.

The Metallic Trace Elements (MTE) pollution of aquatic ecosystems and their intrusion and inclusion into the food chain exposes public health to enormous risks. This study assesses the risks associated with the pollution of surface sediments from Ouémé delta with Pb. Cu and Cd. In these sediments stratifications, the physicochemical characteristics of the sediments were evaluated. Total metal contents are determined by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Risk indices are evaluated, followed by statistical processing in software R 3.3.2. On average, the pH is 5.50; the CEC is 84.24 meq / 100g and the organic carbon (OC) is 0.84 % of mass sediment. Means of Al2O3, Fe2O3 and CaO are respectively 8.14 %; 3.9 % and 6.08 %. The means of copper, lead and cadmium are respectively 32.92 ppm; 23.63 ppm and 1.43 ppm. Overall the degrees of risk related to contamination and ecological risks are low to high. Sites with a high degree of contamination and high ecological risk reflect the importance of the contribution of solid waste from Dantokpa market and the domestic discharges into the metal pollution of Ouémé delta.

A study on the mineral and liquid organics fertilizations was conducted on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) during short rainy season in South and Central West regions of Ivory Coast over two years to improve soil fertility and tomato yield. specifically, the treatment effects of four doses of organic fertilizer, associated or not with the mineral fertilizer on the content of the soil organic matter, the C/N ratio and the yield. The experimental design was split-plot, with four repetitions having as principal factor, the mineral fertilizer and the secondary factor, the organic fertilizer in four doses (L ha-1): C0 = 0 (control); C1 = 2.5; C2 = 3.75 and C3 = 5. The results showed that the treatment T10 (50 % mineral fertilizer + 3.75 Lha-1 of the organic fertilizer), better improved the content of the soil organic matter and the yield. However, the treatment with 3.75 L ha-1 of organic fertilizer used alone has of increased advantage the report C/N of the ground.

The SNV's Program for Strengthening Cotton Producer Organizations, due to the failure of the prescriptive approaches used in the past in rural area, has implemented another more participative and holistic approach (the Advice for the Family Farming: AFF). This approach aims at improving the decision-making process of the producers and consequently, the improvement of their incomes. This article therefore aims at evaluating the effects of the Advice for the Family Farming (AFF) on the economic performance of cotton producers. The data collection involved 160 randomly selected producers including eighty (80) AFF auditors and eighty (80) non AFF auditors. These data were analysed using the multiple linear regression method. The results showed that the AFF auditor’s cotton producers were economically more efficient than their homologous non-auditors. In fact, the net margin of the auditors was significantly higher than the net margin of their homologous non-auditors as the coefficient of the variable "contact with an AFF facilitator" is positive and significant at the 1% threshold. Accordingly, the net margin of an AFF auditor was increased by 25,294.68 F CFA. The AFF therefore had a positive effect on the net margin of the beneficiaries. However, the adoption of the AFF by the producers has been a major problem. Thus, continuing with the alphabetisation of the producers would be a guarantee for the control of the AFF. Finally, the extension of the approach to other household activities and the inclusion of a larger number of women will help to improve considerably the living conditions of rural populations.

Understanding the causal link between trade liberalization and economic performance enables a better analysis of the likely impact of the former on the latter and vice versa. It is also highly important for analyzing the potential of trade liberalization to improve people's well-being in the mid-long term. Thus, this paper seeks to analyze the causal relationship between trade liberalization and economic performance in the ECOWAS zone. The Granger causality approach has been applied to this end on a panel including twelve (12) countries over the period 2000-2017. The results show that trade liberalization does not cause any of the economic performance variables examined in the study. This raises the challenge for economic policy makers to rigorously assess trade agreements and policies and to take into account certain macroeconomic aspects and country-specific characteristics of the West African community.

Objective: To determine the epidemiologic profile of tumours at the regional hospital of Ngaoundéré. Materials and methods: It was a descriptive retrospective design study carried out over a period of five years (2011-2015), on benign and malignant tumours diagnosed clinically and histologically with confirmed results from the laboratories of anatomic pathology of the university hospital of Yaoundé (CHU) and Centre Pasteur of Garoua. The studied parameters where age, sex, type of tumour, site of localisation, histopathological diagnoses, surgical resection. Results: A total of 215 cases of tumours was registered amongst which 86.97% was benign and 13.03% malignant with a predominance sex ratio of 3:1 in favour of females. Ages varied in women between 31- 40 years with a mean age of 36.8 years for benign cases and 48.8 years for cancers. Leiomyoma with 50% was the most frequent of all benign tumours followed by fibro adenomas of the breast. Concerning malignant tumours, breast cancer recorded the highest frequency followed by the cancer of the cervix. In males, 24% of benign and 54% of malignant tumours were recorded within the age range of 51- 60 years for benign and 61-70 years for malignant. Benign prostate hypertrophy was the main tumours affecting men with a percentage of 68.88%, whereas, the most prevalent male cancer was still that of the prostate gland followed by the colorectal cancer. Conclusion: Though the number of populations in this study was not representative of the Adamawa region, the incidence was similar to those observed in other countries as such, risk factors of tumours were the same therefore this study will better equip health leaders so as to develop and reinforces strategies put in place to better manage, mobilize resources and take preventive measures so as to reduce their incidence.

The last decades have been marked by a high competitive intensity and a strong turbulence of the environment. Passive strategies that are based on the structuralist model are no longer reliable in a dynamic environment where it becomes difficult to maintain a sustainable competitive advantage. Hence, what models and strategic choices were adopted by companies as regards with these environmental changes? Through the study of the case of the Tunisian Chemical Group (GCT), our research aims to understand the strategic behavior of a large firm in a turbulent environment and in a sector with strong rivalry. Our research is based on the case study method which is the most frequently used in previous works dealing with the complex issues such as a competitive dynamics field. The primary finding argue the idea of polyvalent strategy inspired by the behavioral model which consists in alternating two logics often considered as antagonistic: market fit and strategic intent. We believe that firms tend, within the framework of a dual strategic flexibility, to combine contradictory competitive advantages and different strategic postures.

A trial testing the yield of Mudishi3 maize variety planted in an herbaceous follow has been realized during cultures campaign 2016-2017 in Yangambi in order to determine the best dose of manure can increase the productivity of this crop. Thus, increasing dose mixed of shed manure and ash of the wood have been used in order to improve fertility and to fight against soil acidity. This trial has been installed following randomized completely block with three repetitions and seven treatments referred from To to T6 in which has been bury 40g of ash mixed at the increasing dose of pounded waste material ( Cow and goat) from 500g to 1000g in each experimental parcel. The results obtained show that the yields from experienced traitement have been interesting during the two croppings saisons comparative by witness of the 1.6t ̸ ha and 2.5t ̸ ha respectivity about firest cultural saison and second cultural season. However, the general tendency the dose differentes on experimented treatments indicate increasing dose from the waste material of geat combined ash have gaven the best yields comparatively to the waite material of the cow. At the last, the application of this manure could improve the fertility the soil and increase the yield in continuing.

This study investigated the relationship between income inequality, environmental degradation and economic development in Nigeria within the ambit of the Kuznets hypothesis and employed the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique. The findings indicate the non-existence of the Kuznets hypothesis in Nigeria; rather a scenario of a monotonically increasing relationship is observed between carbon dioxide emissions and economic development in Nigeria, especially in the short run. The results further showed that environmental degradation has a negative impact on economic development, but for Nigeria it is insignificant as in most developing countries; while income inequality however rises with economic development. Given that there is a trade-off between reducing carbon dioxide emissions and income inequality in Nigeria to boost growth and development, a clearly thought-out policy directed towards ensuring that increases in the income of the poor majority are not spent on carbon emitting activities is recommended.

The spatial distribution of rainfall and land use has important consequences for the hydrological and hydrogeological behaviour of a watershed. This study aims to better understand the impact of this distribution on aquifer recharge in the Bandama watershed. The spatialization of rainfall from isohyets, shows that it varies between 1200 mm and 1700 mm. The basin displays five (5) classes of land use that are: (1) dense forests, (2) open forests and / or savannahs, (3) shrub savannas, (4) bare soils and localities, and (5) water. The water balance shows that the excess which gives the surface flow and seepage is 348 mm upstream (Korhogo), and only 119 (Yamoussoukro) downstream. The total amount of water flowing over the Bandama basin at Yamoussoukro is 164.86 mm; which corresponds to an annual volume of run-off water of 4.338109 m3. The infiltrated water slide is 73.18 mm; which equates to an annual quantity of infiltrated water of 1.874109 m3.

This article represents the cornerstone of this research since it allows us to invalidate or confirm the existence of a crowdfunding potential in Morocco. These elements of answer to our problematic were possible to us by the means of the realization of a quantitative survey which we carried out with a representative sample of the order of 200 people via Internet and on ground, we wanted to confer to this survey a credibility and a reliability of the results is the reason why we initially proceeded to the estimate of our sample based on criteria as well demographics (sex, age ...) that criteria of geographical and psycho-graphic order by transposing each respondent as a donor and as a project leader. In a second phase, we conducted a pre-test of the questionnaire with a dozen people to assess the flow and order of the questions, in addition to the time spent administering the questionnaires in order to evaluate the time constraint.