Leptospirosis is probably the most widespread and prevalent zoonotic disease in the world. It is difficult to diagnose both in the clinic and the laboratory. Therefore, the disease is frequently not recognized and consequently severely neglected. Leptospirosis is (re-)emerging globally and numerous outbreaks have occurred worldwide during the past decade. Leptospirosis affects humans in rural and urban settings and in industrialized and developing countries. The most recent examples are the epidemics in Nicaragua in 2007, in Sri Lanka in 2008 and in the Philippines in 2009, each affecting several thousands of people and causing hundreds of deaths. Based on global data collection 300,000
The development of Traditional Food Products (TFP) is an important link to ensure sustainable territorial development which depends on several factors particularly the quality that is supposed to meet consumer demands. The quality of these products remains the most important criterion that reflects the approach followed to ensure the safety, health and environmental protection along the production chain.
The aim of the present work is to evaluate the significance and limitations of the adoption of the QHSE approach by producers. It is based on standards of quality (ISO 9000: 2005), safety (OHSAS 18000: 2007) and environment (ISO 14000: 2004) to make a diagnosis of the integrated management system optionally followed by eight professional organizations (POs) at the Tafilalet oasis.
The diagnosis is carried out via questionnaires concerning five areas: environment management, health and safety management at work, quality management, maintenance management and personnel management. Questions for each axis are divided into three levels: strategic, tactical and operational. This division aims to gain a better understanding of performance in decision-making.
Preliminary results of the diagnosis were subjected to statistical analysis. They show a level of overall performance between 16 and 60.7%, weakness in performance of the environment management and superior performance level of the personnel management. Indeed, most of the POs diagnosed need improvement in all axes, especially in the quality, health and environment management.
The study on 'Strategies for the emergence of the Democratic Republic of Congo to the rank of a regional power in Sub-Saharan Africa', is a reflection that takes root from the observation in the stagnation of emergence of the Democratic Republic of Congo to the status of a regional power though it has potentialities. Starting with a question '' What are the preliminary challenges and what are the strategies of emergence of the Democratic Republic of Congo as a regional power in Sub-Saharan Africa? ', Ithas been revealed that the Democratic Republic of Congo should really face the preliminary challenges in order to emerge, as the following; poverty, hunger, education, peace, security and good governance. In Addition to this, we will cite also the industrial improvement for a productive recovery, knowing that without a reliable industrial growth, there will not be neither globalnor inclusive growth, we have not a real prosperity that can enable structural resilience of the Congolese economy. It should also be better to think of joining strong and stable institutions that could regulate this growth in order to enable a balanced share of wealth. The National cohesion based on peaceful environment and security will lead to societal harmony, the restarting of the emergence and development of the country. Without this cohesion, the Democratic Republic of Congo will always live bad experience of instability, dislocated if divided against itself in all its political, economic and sociocultural area, and this will resulted in a State in crisis, regarding the Hegel
Composing of less than 1% of all ovarian cancers, immature teratoma is a malignancy that mainly affects the young. Immature teratoma of the ovary together with pregnancy is rare. To our knowledge, this association was rarelly reported in the literature
The authors report the case of an immature teratoma found in the first trimester of pregnancy in a young primigravida.
Through the analysis of this observation and data in the literature, they discuss the different aspects of this association.
The authors of the article focus their attention to the role played by competition in ICT management, professors and students of the University in achieving best quality indicators. Using research methods: documentary analysis, interviews with experts and group techniques, it is performed a tour programs and projections of universities in Latin American countries: Mexico, Argentina, Chile and Colombia. It deepens particularly Malbernat works and other authors who provide a general guideline and carry out an in-depth study of the subject and its application in different universities. At the same time are evaluated several educational technologies most commonly used today; integrating the results of both analyses, is a proposal for how strengthen competition in ICT for influencing the indicators of quality of the University of Guayaquil, to influence of forms positive outcomes of institutional accreditation.
The aim of this study is to verify if the endemic cholera around Lake Kivu is consecutive to the colonization of plankton by V. cholerae. We undertook the search of V. cholerae germs in samples of water from this Lake then trying their elimination in removing zooplankton by filtration. Thus, from November 2011 to June 2013, we analyzed 64 samples of coastal water from 3 different sites of the Lake Kivu; one site in a rural basin (Ishungu) and 2 sites in a urban basin (Bukavu ). The detection and numeration of V. cholerae were made by culture methods completed by biochemical tests. Filtration was done thanks to zooplankton
The algae were identified of the Tigris River in Baghdad city for twelve station in the north, center and south of Baghdad city, as 263 algae species were return to 95 genus of seven divisions (Chlorophyta , Cyanophyta , Chrysophyta , Euglenophyta , Bacillariophyta (Diatomata) and Pyrrhophyta), which includes 28 order return to 65 families. The species number of Chlorophyta also reached 58 species return for 31 genus and the species number of Chrysophyta 5 species of 5 genera and the species number of Pyrrhophyta algae 6 species for 5 genera and the species number of Diatomata algae 127 species 32 genus and the species number of Cyanophyta 59 species of 19 genus and the spices number of Euglenales algae of 8 species for 3 genus. Some Chlorophyta dominated in most of the study stations represented by Chlorella vulgaris , Chlorella ellipsoidea, Scenedesmus quadriqadi and Mougeotia scalaris and some of Diatomata represented by Cyclotella meneghiniana, Rhoicosphenia curvata and Coccones placentula and Cymbella tumida and some blue Green algae Chroococcus minor and Oscillatoria limnetica.
A total 226 meat and some product meat samples were collected from different production point in Fez city (Morocco) and were analyzed, in order to determine the hygienic quality of those products. In this regard, aerobic mesophilic flora, coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, sulphito-reducing Clostridium, Salmonella spp., were counted on meat and some product meat samples that were diluted serially (ten-fold) and inoculated on selective media. The microbiological quality analysis showed that 67.29% of these samples are non-compliant. The Results obtained showed that the beef piece represents a 66.66% of non-compliance rate; beef mincemeat 73.38%; 70.96% for meat sausages; beef liver 63.63%. Concerning poultry, the rate of non compliance is the 58.69% for poultry meat; the 90.00% for poultry mincemeat; the 90.90% for chicken sausage; the 16.66% for chicken liver. By against, the charcuteries have a 26.66% the non-compliant rate. The origin of the non-compliance of the meat and meat product (beef and poultry) samples are the bacterial indicators of fecal contamination with a percentage the 89.94%, followed by pathogens and toxigenic germs such as Salmonella of 31.84%; sulphite-reducing anaerobes 23.46% and 16.75% of Staphylococcus aureus. The serotyping of 23 salmonella strains has identified various serotypes, such as S.kentucky, S.enteritidis, S.kouka, S.sao, S.westhampton, S.mentson, S.anatum, S.chichester, Salmonella Group C3 and Salmonella Group E4. The results obtained may present a real danger of food poisoning. However, hygiene precautions must be applied and imposed to sector concerned, in order to improve the hygienic quality of the meat and meat products in different points of production (slaughter, processing, transport and sale).
This is a prospective study done on Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Bogra, Bangladesh in Ortho- Surgery department from April 2014 to April 2015.The purpose of this study is to analyze the result of interlocking nailing without the use of an image intensifier. Total 35 patients were operated in this method with minimally open reduction and internal fixation with interlocking intramedullary nail. Ages of the patients were 25 to65 years. Mean union time was 16 weeks, ranging from 12 to20 weeks. We found highest number of patients having fracture in middle third of tibia and most of the injuries caused by RTA. In our study, we had compartment syndrome in 1 patient, lateral popliteal nerve palsy in 1 patient. All patients recovered with conservative treatment. It is, therefore concluded that interlocking intramedullary nailing can be performed under an experienced surgeon without the use of an image intensifier.
This is a prospective study done on SZMCH in the Ortho-Surgery department from 1st January 2014 to 31st March 2015. A total of 66 cases of femoral shaft, half (33) treated with Kuntcher nail and half (33) treated with Interlocking nail. Most of the fracture were due to RTA. Out of 66 patient 45 were male and 15 were female. Age of the patients were 20 years to 60 years. Mean time of union was 14 weeks ranging from 12 to 15 weeks in interlocking nail and 17 weeks ranging from 15 to 19 weeks in k. nail. Functional outcome was excellent in 19 patients, good in 8 patients, fair in 5 patients and poor in 1 patient in Interlocking intramedullary nailing and excellent in17 patients, good in 9 patients, fair in 5 patients and poor in 2 patients in kuntcher nail. So Interlocking intramedullary nail is a good option for the treatment of fracture shaft of femur.
Currently, Africa in general and Katanga in particular are facing a deterioration in the physical and social environment. This was attributed to the degradation of multifaceted all-out industrialization, the population explosion (with its pressure on land) and the multiple crises that plunge into extreme poverty. In Katanga potato to a net increase in importance and whose ecological requirements fit well with the environment. So in general, this work is to analyze the economic and financial profitability of the potato by sector approach in Lubumbashi mining hinterland, and in the specific outline it is to assess the socio demographic variability potato consumer, generate profitability and profit marketing (calibration) in the interim relative to the flow market, estimating the cost of production, labor productivity, soil and the producer price of the city of Lubumbashi. For the realization of this work, investigations were conducted on a random sample of 85 players in the sector. To achieve this, documentary techniques have contributed to the literary synthesis for the preparation of this work and the analysis of variance and Tukey's test was used to compare means of different parameters observed, thanks to the Mini software tab 16.It appears to say that the big producers break monopoly over small, the production cost is low. The intermediate second level to realize substantial profits, although profitability is comparatively negligible compared to the first level intermediaries who establish direct contacts with producers. Moreover, earnings fluctuated depending on the markets, so that some markets are benefited to the absence of obstacles increase the cost, if the toll taxes and customs. Variability share attributed to the potato market holds calibration varies independently of markets. According to this study, potato large caliber is the most profitable, as for consumers, the variability of households is perceived in terms of age, level of education; size and annual consumption frequency.
This study evaluated the operational efficiency of eight selected multinational pharmaceutical companies in the Philippines during the early implementation of parallel importation. Selected financial ratios were evaluated and the input-oriented CRS-DEA model was used in the determination of the efficiencies of the companies. Input variables used were total investment, operating expenses and cost of goods while total assets and sales as the output variables. The computed ratios of the companies served as the benchmark for the pharmaceutical industry; furthermore, ANOVA results indicated that parallel importation did not significantly affect their financial performances. This study revealed moreover, that the companies are not operating fully efficient during the study period; however, four companies operated above the mean industry efficiency of 90.60% having GlaxoSmithKline Philippines as the industry leader with an efficiency of 97.84%. Consecutively in the years 2002, 2004, 2005 and 2007 companies did not perform above the average efficiency. Multiple Regression Analysis was done to deduce a significant optimized mathematical model to predict the efficiency of a certain firm given the model. The multiple regression analysis showed that there were no at least one common variable on all the models populated for the eight companies showing that parallel importation had no effect to the efficiency scores of the said companies.
The availability of useful water fell sharply in the Grand Sousse (Tunisia Sahel), due to the rapidly changing patterns of production and consumption, one of the main events was the explosion of the water resources consumption. This increase in strictly biological demand goes hand in hand with the demand for irrigated agriculture and urban uses (domestic, industrial and tourism). The present work aims to identify the different types of users competing for the same resource, and their location in the same space delicate coastline and more fragile. So this is both a diachronic study based on a prior bibliographic research, particularly on progress reports providing information on trends in the main sectors addressed (population, tourism, industry, agriculture). Furthermore, the study has focused on the evolution of water demand for these same sectors, through the acquisition of a water consumption of the database by type of users and mapping of such data. This is in particular the development of thematic maps, through a geographic information system, which has contributed significantly to illustrate these spatial dynamics and conflicts of uses, while highlighting the challenges in the management and Sectoral allocation of water resources.
Digital elevation models (DEMs), as its name suggests, is a digital representation of ground in terms of altitude. It provides information not only on landforms but also on their geolocation; this is why it is considered one of the most useful digital data sets for a wide range of users. Various field, remote, and laboratory techniques can generate DEMs. Some of the DEMs such as ASTER, SRTM, and GTOPO30 are freely available open source products; however, the accuracy of these data sets is often unknown and is uneven within each dataset due to radar characteristics, type of topography, and physical properties of the surface. In this study, we evaluate open source DEMs (ASTER and SRTM) and their derived attributes using a reference DEM produced by contours maps interpolation and ground control points. In fact, the quality of derived attributes of DEMs such as slopes and drainage network is closely linked to accuracy of DEMs. While Open source DEMs partially show low accuracy in high elevation terrain and forest areas, it can be concluded that the quality of the datasets is sufficient in large scale studies.
The rate of unemployment in Lubumbashi remains high and for those which are likely to work, their monthly wages do not meet all the daily needs for their households. The survival of the majority of households is ensured more or less 75 % by the informal economy where especially the women are active. Night marketing in downtown area is one of the strategies of survival and constitutes a source of income making it possible to cover some domestic loads. This article aims to identify the economic activities of the households and to determine the contribution of each one of them in the domestic budget, to quantify certain current monthly expenditure of the households by identifying those which are financed by the night marketing of the agricultural produce. To reach that point, 62 salesmen were surveyed the night in the downtown of Lubumbashi in the interval of 17 h 30
The density of woods of Chaetocarpus africanus Pax, Millettia drastica Welw., Barteria nigritana Hook.f. and Gaertnera paniculata Benth. was specified by liquid method. The wood fragment of this species was taken at different hauteur of wood trunk of species studied. The data obtained was analyzed with the statistical test, in particular the ANOVA and PCA for to explain the intra-and extra variations observed. The results show the intra-and extra-significant difference.
This study attempts to define the various geochemical processes responsible for the phreatic groundwater chemical evolution, using statistical methods and hydrochemical approaches. The phreatic aquifer in the plain of Sidi Bouzid is located in central Tunisia, the latter is characterized by an semi-arid to arid climate and irregular rainfall. The chemical water classification shows the dominance of a chlorinated calcium and magnesium sulfate type facies. The mineral-water interaction is at the expense of sulphates and to a lesser extent with carbonates. A statistical analysis of the physico-chemical data has been performed by the principal component analysis, a total of three components has been extracted, as it represents 87.040% of the total variance of the all data. The projection of the variables on the factorial designs shows two groups of individuals: the first grouping is where the highest concentrations of total dissolved solids, potassium, chlorides and sodium were observed, the second grouping consists of individuals where the water is less mineralized located upstream of the basin. The evaluation of the suitability of water for irrigation is provided by the calculation of various parameters. According to the results obtained 48.75% of the area of the plain is excellent, 26.71% is good, 13.60% is permissible and 10,94% unsuitable for irrigation. The areas of these zones are respectively 312; 171; 87 and 70 km2
This work deals with the geochemistry of lava and pyroclastic rocks of the Lac Vert cone. We present the results of geochemicals analyzes of major and traces elements performed at the University of Naples. The results showed that these rocks are primarily nephelinite - ultrabasic very rich in iron and have calc-alkaline affinities. The geochemical compositions of lavas and pyroclastic rocks of cone of Lac Vert demonstrated a positive correlation with lavas from the 1977 and 2002 Nyiragongo eruption. The different graphs showed that these lavas and pyroclastic rocks are associated with divergent plate margins (basalt sea floor, OFB); they originated in the spreading seafloor zones specifically in alkaline basalts sclerosis on the island of the ocean. The petrogenetic model likely established through geochemical analysis shows that these rocks are from a calc-alkaline volcanism developed in an oceanic expansion and then they finally migrated to a framework of transitional continental rift before the eruption. Partial melting and fractional crystallization of mantle rich in Anorthite, olivine, clinopyroxene orthopyroxene, magnetite,... would have generated the magma. These geochemical and petrological characteristics of the lavas and pyroclastic rocks around the Lac Vert cone are the same as those of the Nyiragongo. This justifies the affiliation of the Lac Vert cone to Nyiragongo volcano.
The study was made in Manfla. Optimization of sowing calendar corn and Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) was made. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of corn seeding calendar on agronomic parameters of voandzou. A series of pure cultures device of offset and simultaneous planting seedling was taken. These provisions are voandzou sown 15 days before maize (M15JAPV), voandzou sown 30 days before maize (M30JAPV), voandzou sown 15 days after maize (M15JAVV) voandzou sown 30 days after maize (M30JAVV) and simultaneous sowing. The production of each association system was evaluated on the basis of measurements on the yield and yield components. Thus, it is noted that the most important voandzou production is obtained when voandzou sown 15 and 30 days before maize maize.
This work was carried out to evaluate the effects on zootechnical performances and economic results of young Balamis sheep supplemented with concentrate multi-nutritional blocks containing Sida cordifolia. It was conducted during the period from December 2014 to March 2015 at Sheep Breeding Centre of D
Show abstract
Full Text
Export citation
