Corrosion it’s the most frequent and critical pathology in reinforced concrete structures, the reinforced steel bars lost the locally passive protection; ion chloride or widespread carbonation. The carbonation is the main process of reducing the service life of concrete in urban, rual or mixed atmospheres, free from other aggressive agents. The carbonation resistance is direct function of the characteristics of the emplacement (concentration of CO2, HR, etc.) and the pore grid of concrete (water ratio / cement material, content and type of cement, curing, etc.). In this work the carbonation resistance (RCA) is evaluated and estimated the time of depassivation of the reinforced steel of concrete highway bridges executed with a service life > 50 years, emplaced in a rural environment class A1 (CIRSOC 201) executed with Normal Portland Cement (CPN). The influence of the quality of concrete is analyzed macro and microclimate. The results show a downward trend RCA by model Duracrete and the cement contain rules the carbonation resistance by granting the alkaline reserve under the same microclimatic conditions in most of the structures.

The purpose of this paper is to try to explain in the Moroccan context the impact of the presence of audit committees on the remuneration of external auditors including the auditors. The sample includes 27 companies divided on four sectors of activity. This limited number of firms studied is due to the requirements of the Dechow, Sloan and Sweeny (1995) model of the earning management, which requires a minimum of six (6) companies by sector. The analysis of the proposed model via the stepwise method allows in highlighting an indirect relationship between the Audit Committee and the remuneration of the auditors. This relationship is explained by: (1) The size of the company, meaning, the bigger the size of the company, the larger the earnings management, which requires a high remuneration of the auditors. (2) The percentage held by the leaders influence the remuneration received by the auditors. The results obtained explained by the size of the company (1) and the percentage held by its leaders (2) allow in concluding that the latter foster the establishment of audit committees which in turn allows in increasing the remuneration of the auditors.

The present study aims at analysing the appropriation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) by the women association (WA) for processing of shea nuts into shea butter and other by-products in the municipality of Ouessè in central Benin. To achieve this, individual as well as focus groups interviews were used to collect data from the 30 members of this association. In addition, the method of “grading” based on weighted indices was used to analyse the preponderance of ICT uses and their appropriation factors. The results showed that telephone was the dominant ICT used within the WA, and that the transmission of information among members, the search for market information, the advertisements of products, the connection with technical and commercial partners and the restitution of training sessions were the most frequent uses of ICT within this women association. Our study revealed also that appropriation of the ICT has generated for the WA some positive effects in terms of time saving, financial gains, better understanding of information, reliability of information, improvement of product packaging and display, regularity of members to meetings, maintenance of social relations among members, and improvement of their relations with the partners. It appears from these results that appropriation of ICT could contribute to considerably improving the organisation and socioeconomic performances of women associations that were rather, and most often, marginalized in the access to and use of new technologies in rural areas.

The surface water resources in the region of Bonoua are subject to strong anthropogenic pressures created by the development and expansion of agricultural activities and also by the agro-industrial and domestic activities. This impacts the available quantities of these resources that fluctuate throughout the year. Similarly, their quality is thereby also changed. Regarding the quality of these resources how can occur at a given time of year? This concern led in this study to assess the overall quality of surface waters of Bonoua region during the rainy season. It is based on the exploitation of data from a water sampling campaign conducted in July 2014. The data were processed with the Evaluation System of Quality of Waters, referred to as "SEQ-Eau" for determining the overall water quality. The (ACPN) has also been applied to the data for the identification of phenomena causing water pollution. The results show that in general the surface waters in the region are Bonoua of "average quality" to 92.86% and "poor" at 7.14%. The responsible alteration of this deterioration in the quality of surface water is the "acidification" parameter, which contributes to 64%. Alterations "temperature" and "organic and oxidizable materials" expressed as COD and BOD 5 incidentally involved in this deterioration in the respective proportions of 14 % and 22 %. The phenomena causing water pollution is anthropogenic. They are mainly from discharges of domestic and industrial waste water and the use of chemical fertilizers in the plantations. This evaluation of the quality of surface water in the region of Bonoua is a first draft that should be complemented by other studies covering aspects such as pesticides and microbiology for better management.

Background: Mortality under 5 in sub-Saharan Africa remains very high. Interventions implemented including community support through the establishment of community care sites aim to improve access to care. The study evaluates the implementation of community care management in the Kabare health zone that be fully supported by International Rescue Committee. Methodology: The study followed a framework based on standards of the DR Congo Health Ministry about the functioning of community care sites. It has used review literature, data analysis from the health information system and mothers interviews. Results: Community care management through care sites improves access to health care. Strict compliance with the Ministry of Health guidance during the implementation of the community care sites is observed. Two constraints facing these directions are identified: the abandonment of some health community workers with closure of their sites as a consequence and the limited funding of the sites; the process didn’t meet all the input requirements. Conclusion: The study identifies the health community worker as a key player in the implementation of community care and advocates strengthening the mechanism of his recruitment, his formation, his supervision, his estate and the maintenance of motivation. The study proposes actions to improve the operation and sustainability of community care sites.

Beekeeping is an agricultural sector that has a special character in Morocco. It is virtually present in different regions. The apiarian potentialities in Morocco are important and remain under exploited. Honey production is stagnating because of many difficulties concerning repopulating colonies despite governmental efforts to modernize the sector. This review is to present a synthesis about the sector of beekeeping and honey production in Morocco. It will allow describing the situations, to understand the challenges faced by the Moroccan beekeeping by focusing on: bee farming, honey production, professional organization, marketing and regulatory issues. The main issues of this sector is the preservation of the Saharan yellow bee, increasing honey production and productivity of the hives, the application of good hygiene practices, enhancing honey quality, regulatory revision, adjusting the current model of professional organization, structuring of honey marketing channels and finally conclude with recommendations and prospects.

The present study focuses on psychosocial care and support for diabetic patient of National University Hospital Center at Cotonou in Benin. The objective is to enhance the care given to patients at the endocrinology department. Qualitative and quantitative analysis were performed using a cross sectional data collected at the National University Hospital Center. The results of the analysis indicate that the psychosocial support of diabetic patient have taken a last stage hence creating a psychosocial infrastructure by authorities and health care professional will contribute in improving the quality of care and life of diabetic patient.

The aim of this article is to examine one of the major issues that concern today Congolese educational partners: the acculturation of young Congolese. We show that there behind this lies the whole problem of training program content must be assessed if they are compatible with the ancestral socio-cultural imperatives or constitute obstacles to progress. Faced with the need to think locally, consider globally and act locally, Congolese must defend their cultural heritage without fail to open the demands of a new world to build a society where traditional and modern values are well integrated. This is indeed the kind of knowledge the content of communications tied to our specific realities we seek not knowledge tied to the cult of good importing foreign models. Projective board used for this purpose as technical production data, not only to identify the attitudes of subjects approached, but shows that the actual behavior verify unequivocally the young Congolese opening of school capacity in non-urban on modernity as well as their desire to remain themselves.

A novel nanoscale henna natural dye with particle size less than 100 nm were successfully prepared by using ultrasonic stirrer. Henna natural dye as ecofriendly dye was studied to clarify the impact of nature of nano-size color particles on size, shape, and particle distribution of the natural dye. The work was extended to study the K/S and overall color fastness properties of the printed natural fabrics (wool, silk and cotton) in presence and absence of mordant. Results showed that the K/S values of nano scale samples acquire higher values when compared to that of the original samples, irrespective of the nature of the fabric used. Mordant for example Alum that incorporated with original henna can be omitted, and substituted by nano-henna without mordant on printing silk and cotton fabrics. Results also shows that the pre-mordanting acquired K/S values higher than the simultaneous mordanting irrespective of the kind of fabric used, or dye particles size used, or henna concentrations. While on using tannic acid as a mordant, color fastness to rubbing, and perspiration properties of nano dye is found to be better than that of the original.

We define some important spaces of vector valued distributions which will be useful in the study of evolution problems in general, particularly in the NAVIER-STOCKES equations of fluid mechanics, one meets with some of these spaces.

In this article we propose to analyze the factors of the locations of service stations and their impact in the spatial organization of the city of Lubumbashi. We have adopted the descriptive explanatory method; Using a GPS, the service stations were located. The quadrat method allowed us to highlight the spatial model of the city and the Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) software enabled us to develop the service station map. After analysis of the quadrat and the map we deduced the following: intense places of activity (business center); The major roads and intersections attract more petroleum operators to establish service stations within the city. Affordable price; The quality of the petroleum product; Proximity to the road; The speed of delivery of petroleum products attracts customers to service stations. Their environmental impacts have been elucidated and the risks associated with their radiation are great because they have no buffer zones and their reconciliation is a permanent fire hazard in a city where fire fighting vehicles are almost non-existent. Where the town hall has a responsibility for regulating points of sales of petroleum products in order to save human and material lives.

Germination is the processing of the seed until it becomes a plant. This implies the metabolic Wake thereof after absorbing water followed by imbibition. To determine the germination potential of seeds, after sorting, by direct seeding cultivation of 100 seeds per species 11 herbaceous legumes such as Abrus precatorius, Calopogonium mucunoides, Centrosema pubescens, Clitoria ternatea, Crotalaria goreensis, Crotalaria retusa, Indigofera arrecta Mimosa invisa, Phaseolus adenanthus, Pueraria phaseoloides and Schrankia leptocarpa in nursery bags was performed. The seeding depth was the same for all packets and equal to 1 cm. The density of the semi is 1 seed per bag. Then, the number of species germinated every day and their growth rate were evaluated. From the viewpoint of germination, the length of the lift phase translated dormancy variability of the population of seeds. Different exercised within a relatively short time (4-9 days) helped to note the beneficial effects of mechanical scarification as a treatment applied to seeds. After 35 days of sowing, low survival rates recorded have shown that plants are more sensitive to the vegetative stage at the stage of the adult plant.

By means of cyclomatic number C, index α, index β, and index γ inherent in graph theory, this paper shows the bad connectivity of Mbujimayi town (that is 18% of connexion). To ameliorate it, we propose, on the one hand, the reorganization of actual highway network providing a long bypass to which others axis will connected, and on the other hand, to rehabilitate some main roads, to bridge small and big ravines, to plant bamboos or vetivers on the embankments of ravines preventing the gully erosion. From this system rehabilitated, the connectivity indices calculated show that the highway network is completely ameliorated (that is 55% of connexion).

This study has allowed to point out first a threefold quarter rings of the city of Mbujimayi namely, geographically accessible quarters, less accessible quarters and hardly accessible quarters. And then, it has pointed out two types potential quarters, notably attacting quarters and emittingquarters. Finally to further the analysis, a sectorial, holistic anddurable arrangement based on UNESCO’s norms, revealing a double threefold typology of the main groups of these quarters has been proposed. The data were collected from the urban Department of Primary, Secondary, and Professional education. And, accessibility algorithms designed by Rodrigue (2006) have contributed to the calculation of different accessibility indices.

Agro- economic performance of the micro- dose fertilizer on intercropping in the cotton belt of western Burkina Faso. The cotton zone of Western Burkina Faso, is characterized by a reduction of land reserves and soil fertility. Innovations techniques from hybridization of scientific and local knowledge have been tested in this zone. This paper describes the approach and gives experimental results on the diversity of cultural practices between the maize-mucuna and the maize-pigeon pea association and the effects of using micro-dose of fertilizer on the agronomic and economic performance of the two type of crop association. The study was conducted in 2012 with 36 farmers in two villages of the municipality of Koumbia (Burkina Faso). Mineral fertilizers were applied on the maize associated according to the conventional requirements (150 kg ha-1 NPK and 50 kg ha-1 urea) and micro-dose (75 kg ha-1 of NPK and 50 kg ha-1 urea). The results show that the time of planting, crop densities and the residual effects of previous crops are the factors of variation in associating maize-mucuna and maize-pigeon pea. It has been also noted that the micro-dose induces a non-significant increase in grain yield of maize 4 and 11% respectively for the maize-pigeon pea and maize-mucuna, compared to a broadcast application. Economic performance and the work time between micro-dose and broadcast application are not significantly different (p < 0.05). In a context of scarcity of agricultural land, the results of this study show that the maize-legume associations allow a diversification of production on the same unit area and ensure food and forage safety.

Introduction: Acne is a common disease. His impact on quality of life (QOL) had not yet been studied in Burkina. Our objective was to describe the degree of impaired QOL in students with acne in Ouagadougou and then determine the correlation between the severity of acne and their QOL. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in two examination centers of Ouagadougou and included, with their consent, students candidates to BEPC and BAC exams of selected juries. The grid ECLA was used for clinical evaluation of acne, CADI grid for QOL. Results: We recruited 311 students with 59.4% of boys and 40.60% girls. The average age was 19.5 years with extremes of 13 and 28 years. The prevalence of acne was 56.27% (175/311). Acne was considered mild to moderate in 95.43% (167/175) and severe in 4.75% (8/175). The global severity score ECLA averaged 5.84 ± 3.62 with extremes of between 0 and 21. There was an alteration of QOL among all acne pupils. This alteration was important for 36.78% of the subjects, average for 37.51% and mild for 25.71%. The total score of the CADI was 1.736 ± 0.892 on 15. A positive correlation between the severity of acne and impaired QOL was observed. A positive link was found between the severity of acne and the degree of impairment of social relationships. A positive link was also found between the severity of acne and the sinking feeling inspired by his skin to the student acne.

Objective: To appreciate the level of knowledge of the PS of the HGR of Bagira on the accidents of exhibition to blood (AES), to Determine the frequency, the type and the circumstances of exhibition at the PS and to Inventory the protective materials against the AES existing to the HGR of Bagira. Materials and methods: A transverse descriptive survey has been led on 31 PS of the HGR of Bagira, active of the February to the June 2015. A questionnaire of investigation has been addressed to the PS. The spoliation of the results and the analysis of given them has been achieved thanks to the calculator MS Excel and the software Epi Info, version 3.5.1. The average, the frequency, the percentage and the test of Chi-Square have been used and the doorstep of significance has been fixed to a p value <0, 05. Results: The level of knowledge of PS is raised very. The frequency of the AES is of 22, 6%. The percutaneous splatters represented (71, 4%) and occurred at the time of the care (96,8%), to the Laboratory, to the Motherhood and to the operative block. Some protective materials exist: glasses, boots or hooves, masks, muffler, gloves, shirts, medical and other blouses. Conclusion: The weak rate of contamination by the HIV to the HGR of Bagira at the time of the AES is explained by a level of knowledge very elevated of the PS, the availability of the antiretrovirus to take in case of post exhibition and the good use of the protective materials.

In view of diversification of the congolese economy on the hand and of source of lipids consumed on the other hand in Congo, it has been achieved a survey of the glyceride fraction of oils extracted from the seeds of peanuts of Lekana in the trays region and of Manga in pan region, two departments of Congo-Brazzaville. These profiles have been compared to the one gotten from the seeds of peanuts of sudan sold on the market of Toulouse in France. The total fat acids of the three samples present the identical caracteritics of which the main are the oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2) and palmitic acid (C16;0). The glycerique fraction is mostly dominated by the triglycerides as in the other oleaginous seeds. The contents in mono, di and triglycerides are influenced by the contents in fat acids of the different samples. These profiles confer to these oils the statute of the frying oils and can be useful in hair oils, in pharmacy or in other domains. The phospholipids of the three samples present the identical caracteritics. All classes of the phospholipids are presents. The oil from Manga peanut seeds are poor in phosphatidylcholins after the oil from Lekana peanut seeds.

The effects of monetary policy on economic performance have long attracted the attention of economists and policy makers. The literature identifies different ways of understanding the monetary transmission mechanisms. They vary according to the importance given to interest rates, credits, exchange rates, asset prices and other financial institutions in the transmission mechanism. The purpose of this paper is to shed more light on the existence of significant differences in the reactions of Moroccan sectors to monetary policy shocks. The results of the analysis indicate that at the aggregate level a monetary policy tightening leads to a decrease of the overall GDP and price level. At the disaggregated level, the extraction industry, manufacturing, construction, hotels & restaurants, the financial and insurance activities are among the more sensitive sectors to monetary policy shocks. On the other hand monetary policy innovations do not appear to have an adverse impact on agriculture and fishing sectors.

This paper aims to analyze the impact of MRA’s remittances on economic growth by using two models VAR and ECM over the period 1975-2014. The results conclude that MRA’s remittances represent a determinant of economic growth, in the short term, with an elasticity low compared to the long-term behavior. Given the impulse responses analysis, a shock on MRA’s transfers has a positive impact on GDP, investment and consumption.

This paper attempts to determine the best way to maximize the contribution of agriculture to the growth and global modernization of Africa. By using middle-income African countries as a sample, this paper studies the effect of industrialization, human capital, economic opening and institutional quality on the value added by the agricultural sector. The quality of human capital exerts an accelerating effect of the agricultural value added. Indeed, the level of human capital determines the ability to use a technology or innovation capacity. The results require the establishment of appropriate institutional arrangements to overcome the constraints that agricultural products face in market and to turn capital and investment towards agriculture.

The purpose of this study was therefore to examine the influence of school based quality assurance practices as performed by the head teachers on pupils’ academic performance of pupils in public primary schools in Subukia sub county, Kenya. The study was based on the value added theory and the production function theory of education. Using the ex post facto research design, the study used census methodology to gather data from all the 42 head teachers of public primary schools in subukia Sub County using structured questionnaires. Validity of the instrument was done based on expert judgment from the department of curriculum and education management of Laikipia University for determining face and content validity. The reliability of the instrument was determined through a single test administration by use of the cronbach alpha coefficient of which an alpha coefficient of 0.791 was obtained and considered acceptable. Nominal scale data was analyzed using frequency counts and percentages. Hypotheses were tested at the .05 level of significance using simple regression analysis. The study found a strong positive significant relationship between head teachers’ planning activities r=.573, p=.00<.05, coordinating practices r=618 p=.00<.05, staffing practices r=689 p=.00<.05 and controlling practices r=667 p=.00<.05 and academic performance of pupils in public primary schools in Subukia sub county, Kenya. The head teachers in public primary schools in Subukia should hold meetings as a quality assurance practices as a means of filtering how various schools stakeholders view quality assurance and implement them in the various aspects in the school management. Particularly, the PTA meetings should be used to moderate administrative processes in order to facilitate effective teaching and learning. PTA and educational administrators make concerted efforts initiate and sustain new projects, rehabilitate dilapidated infrastructures and initiate professional development through staff training. The findings of the study will be beneficial to Quality Assurance and Standards policy makers as they will offer useful suggestions on enhancing quality assurance and standards in primary schools for qualitative improvement of basic education in the country in general and Subukia Sub County in particular. Other researchers will also find the study useful as it will add to the body of existing literature in the field of educational quality assurance and standards.

Diabetes has become one of the main causes disability and death in the world; it’s part of the main risks of blindness and kidness faiture diabetes is the basis of leg amputation and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of type two diabetes in Lubumbashi city and to understand what would be the etiology of this disease. People with diabetes are vulnerable to potentially disabling and deadly health problems. Bay way causes of illustration chronic hyperglycemia cause neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy etc. Lipid peroxidation is the basics of the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in type two diabetics’ patients. This study consists to characterize diabetes by measuring blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, height density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low density-cholesterol, L’aspartate aminotransférase and Alanine amino transférase assayed on a VISUAL ANALYZER (model : VISUAL/60VB0357,N°series : 1553, maker : SECOMAMCE) ; it’s also prospective. As for distribution the number of diabetics comes from Lubumbashi and katuba ships, it represents 25% of our sample and presents a dyslipidemia; it is highly correlated with insulino durability and hperinsulenemia.

The main objective of this synthesis is the state of knowledge, potential, inadequacies and interest of assembling two bioindicators, specifically zooplankton organisms and aquatic macroinvertebrates. The analysis of published articles, master theses, doctoral theses, technical information documents, manuals and identification guides and other documents relating to the study of the two groups of organisms in the tropical region was made. According to this analysis, aquatic zooplankton and macroinvertebrate organisms are extremely diverse and have potential sentinel species (pollu-sensitive and pollu-tolerant). These two groups of biondicators, by their diversity of taxonomic and functional forms, their variable life span, their wide distribution in running water and their different trophic positions, are complementary and thus constitute excellent tools for assessing the state of Health of hydrosystems. Their association would make it possible to account for the perfect state of health on all the sectors of the aquatic ecosystems. This article gives an overview of what is known about commonly used bioindicators, reveals some shortcomings of the work carried out and finally proposes guidelines for future studies.

Materials such as leachate or leachate from hospital waste as a source of contamination and impact on nature and the environment. These juices are sources or vectors of pollution, justifying the purpose of our study. We had carried out three sampling campaigns in 2006, 2008 and 2010, the leachate four hospitals (CUK, HGRK, HGK and HGRN). Thus, we studied the physicochemical parameters in leachates and global settings to the toxicity tests. The results of our study are consistent with each other and show that ecotoxicity is constant for leachate that appear stable while their composition is variable. The toxicity test leachate sorting studied at each hospital establishment. Splits leachate can find a lasting solution in the nano filtration technique membranes during preparation of a wastewater treatment plant in the hospitals studied. Leachate contaminating the surrounding environment if not treated are at their rejection. Thus, instead of using reverse osmosis is an expensive technology and is justified if the standards are drastic, nano filtration is an intermediate way to help avoid pollution of hospital discharges juice. This technique helped us in our study to remove the chemical oxygen demand in the case of CUK. Thus we evaluated the performance of organic and inorganic membranes during the lowering of the inorganic filler according to the speed and pressure that are hydrodynamic conditions. The membranes have a specific behavior with respect to the leachate at the absorption, polarization and clogging of the pores. Indeed, the N01A membrane, discharge of COD is of 70% for a 10 bar pressure. The MP20 has a low membrane adsorption with leachate. The MP-31 provides a high retention rate of COD. There is then a strong membrane-fouling interaction improves the selectivity of the membrane. Leachate particles clog the membrane pores and obstruction and static adsorption increase membrane rejection rate. We studied the coagulation mechanism as a pretreatment to improve the membrane performance on the N01A. On this membrane COD reduction from 70 to 77%, the flux increases to 105 l. h-1.m-2 at a pressure of 10 bar for a COD concentration of 300 mg02l-1. The other two MP-31 membranes and MP20 provides for a flow limit of 11 l. h-1.m-2 COD respectively 1457 mg02l-1on MP-31 MP20 and a concentration of COD 1417 mg02l-1. For a max flow of 13 l.h-1.m-2 the retention percentage is 70% for COD 960 mg02l-1 After coagulation, fouling index was 4.8 for the raw leachate and increases to 4.5 with the supernatant.

The evangelization of the Catholic religion carried out 100 years in the parish of Bobandana whose seat is established in Minova, in South Kivu, in the DR Congo. Indeed, this article clearly shows that the Catholic religion has settled in a socio-cultural environment with strong traditional religious knowledge and practices, some of which resemble those of the Western religion. Throughout its establishment, the Church has invested in several fields; At the end of the centenary, the balance sheet is still mixed. For, on the spiritual plane, despite the fact that this Parish allowed the creation of other Parishes and that there was an increase of a significant number of the Catholic believers in this earth; We deplore, however, the very advanced disintegrating character which strikes his Church almost abandoned by the ecclesiastical authorities of her diocese. From the point of view of development, the parish of Bobandana has contributed considerably to the opening up of the environment by opening major roads leading to the large urban centers. In addition, it has reversed itself in education through the creation of primary and secondary schools with the active support of the local population. Moreover, in the agro-pastoral sector, new plants, new animals and breeding stock have been introduced into the environment. However, we deplore a Eurocentrist approach which does not often take account of local cultural realities in order to promote the spiritual and socio-economic development of the sons and daughters of this parish. The diocesan authorities seem to discriminate against them, Causes are unknown.

We propose a new type highly birefringent spiral photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for residual dispersion compensation in a wide range of wavelengths. The 2-D finite element method (FEM) with perfectly matched boundary layer (PML) is used for numerical simulation. The arrangement and diameter of circular air holes in the designed PCF has been tuned to offer almost flat dispersion profile with average dispersion coefficients of -609.321601 and -396.32923 ps/nm-km for X and Y-polarization, respectively, within the wavelengths of 1350-1600 and 1350-1800nm. The proposed spiral PCF shows high birefringence of 0.0170 and nonlinear coefficient 44.3679 and 28.1431 W-1km-1 for X and Y-polarization at 1550nm.

The research dealt on the idea of linking the authenticity values of Saudi Arabia heritage motifs with the current and future advancement of the techno- development for contemporary creative ideas serving the religious tourism field. The different motifs were examined to create appropriate printing designs for hotel furnishings and acceptable pilgrimage women clothing. The software Photoshop program was applied to design colorful wallpapers to give a sense of multiplicity of colors in the design background that were applied on fabrics with tie and dye natural printing using curcuma, cochineal, hibiscus, henna, tea and coffee extracts. The modified designs from the tradition motifs were formed by only one color and applied on the multiplicity colored background by the flat silk screen printing technique regarding the eco-friendly and economical points of view. As a result, this study is considered as a developed idea for the preparation of small-scale projects to reduce unemployment problem in particular for women, through innovative designs which can be applied on textiles with more or less environmental easiest techniques in reducing effort and cost.

Nowadays, electricity has become essential for improving the quality of life of the population; in developing countries, millions of people do not always have access to electricity. These people mainly reside in rural areas. The classical solution which is unrealistic below a certain power threshold, delays rural electrification and aggravates the exodus towards urban centres already congested and unable to absorb this migration. Thus, to combat late electrification, new techniques are required for the countryside. In this article, we describe the principles of some energy extraction techniques directly from the high voltage lines, profitable methods for the developing countries.

The urinary infection often remains the most frequent of the infections after the infections of the respiratory system. This work began(affected) the study of various pathogenic agents causing the deferent urinary infection and their sensibility or resistance closed view the various families of antibiotics prescribed at the level of the laboratory bacteriology of the regional hospital to Kenitra. According to our experiences we were able to classify bacteria according to their dominance so to determine the rate of resistance of the latter to antibiotics frequently used at the level of the laboratory.

Les espaces topologiques finis (espaces d’Alexandroff) sont actuellement utilisés en informatique théorique. L’objet de cet article est d’établir le lien entre espaces topologiques finis et réseaux informatiques, en portant des éléments de la bade irréductible de la topologie.

The disaster wich occurred in Tchigoma (a village located at about 25km from the city of Bulambika) in the chiefdom of Bunyakiri was investigated. The disaster caused the death of 3 people and some of them just survived. The accident was caused by the exposure to the high concentration of two gases during the digging of a toilet pit. The following concentrations were recorded in the hole considered as the epicenter: the carbon dioxide (CO2) at 93.8% and the carbon monoxide CO at 2031 parts per million, using GA2000 equipment. Although the exact value of the lethal concentration for humans is uncertain, these recorded values are too high for mammals’ survival .The mortality caused by these gases is a function of the inhaled concentration and duration of exposure. From the observations on the site, we had concluded that the gas were generated the peat covered by the alluvium layer considered as a roof.

This Study examined ethnicity, cultural and political leadership with Regards to instability in the Republic of Guinea Conakry. The study review literatures and provides strong evidence why Guinea still remains being a dictatorship and authoritarian state. The extant literature revealed the radicalism of the Ethnic Majority In opposition which often cause conflict. Thus, weak opposition and corrupt government wreck the process of development of Republic of Guinea Conakry. The Study concludes that International communities have to support democratic process that will guarantee leadership selection process in the election, this could be a viable stability among ethnic groups.

The main objective searched through this scientific contribution consists to remove certain ambiguities surrounding the concept of the performance of the public service in the Moroccan university context. The methodology adopted in this respect joins in an exploratory approach, based essentially on a thorough reading of a rich theoretical corpus relating to the higher education sector, thing which allowed us to create anastomoses between some academic writings. In this respect, our article focuses on two main axes: the first identifies certain writings relating to the term of the "performance". Indeed, this concept has flowed a lot of ink in the field of organization sciences. However, it remains complex and difficult to define, this is explained essentially by its contingent, relative, multidimensional, encompassing and integrating aspect. As for the second, we try there to elucidate the significance of the performance under its multidimensional character in the Moroccan public university. Consequently, twenty-one facets of university performance are put forward, namely: finance and economy, organization, reputation and brand image, internationalization, governance, employability- insertion, partnership, innovation and creativity, scientific research, identity, teaching and training, environment and ecology, diversification, societal performance, communication, technology, university size, entrepreneurship, conformity, extracurricular and democratization. To evaluate these performances, some performance indicators are highlighted.

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the changes in morphological and physicochemical characteristics of Moroccan prickly pear cultivars at three different stages of maturity. The results of morphological study showed that the width, length, skin thickness, diameter and depth of receptacle differed significantly depending the cultivars and did not differ significantly depending the maturity. Other parameters such as the weight of the pulp, the skin and the whole fruit differed significantly depending on the cultivars and the maturity; they increased with advance in maturity, while the proportions of skin decreased. For the physicochemical analyzes, the results showed that moisture, pH, Brix, vitamin C, total sugar and fat have a significant difference between the cultivars and maturity; they increased with advance in maturity, while the percentage of fat decreased. However, no important differences were observed in ash, reducing and non -reducing sugars between the stages of ripeness of the fruits.