The variation of post-harvest behavior of peroxidases (POX), polyphenol oxidases (PFO) and carotenoid compounds of tomatoes treated with UV-C was studied in order to extend its useful life and at the same time obtain a beneficial effect on the quality of it. The optimal radiation dose was 4.57 kJ. s-1. m-2 for 16 minutes on samples placed 10 cm from the lamps. Under these experimental conditions the carotene content increased in the treated samples compared to the controls, however, longer exposure times generated harmful effects such as loss of turgor, appearance of spots, degradation of carotenoids and burns in the epidermis. The higher irradiation dose showed the lower development of microorganisms. An effect of the treatment towards the end of the conservation period was observed in relation to the count of molds and yeasts, presenting a lower load of this type of microorganisms with respect to the controls. Significant differences are observed in the enzymatic activity of POX, which would indicate an inductive effect of the treatment on the activity of this enzyme. On the other hand, although the polyphenoloxidase content was slightly higher throughout the study period, there were no significant differences in relation to the controls. This would indicate a complementarity in the antioxidant activity of PFO and greater prominence of the POX in the defense system.

This paper highlights the concept of “corporate entrepreneurship”, which joins between two management sciences' domains: the entrepreneurship and the strategic management. An explorative qualitative study was carried out among a sample of Moroccan companies, in order to contextualize the corporate entrepreneurship concept. The results show that the opinions are mixed about the corporate entrepreneurship's impact on the business performance. In conclusion, some research directions are proposed to complete this study and to test the conceptual model of the corporate entrepreneurship, adapted to the Moroccan context.

The incidental discovery of ovarian cysts during pregnancy is becoming more common. The cysts discovered in the first trimester are most often functional and disappear spontaneously without complication, they are in most cases asymptomatic and can be fortuitous discovery during an ultrasound. They become symptomatic only when a complication occurs. The most common complications are cyst rupture and torsion. Pregnancy increases the risk of rupture, and the risk of abortion and ectopic pregnancy is increased when there is a combination of ovarian tumor and a gravid-puerperal state. We report the case of a rupture of a giant hemorrhagic luteal cyst during the 1st trimester of pregnancy.

The spontaneous rupture of uterine varicose veins during pregnancy is a rare complication that can be life-threatening for the mother and the fetus, the diagnosis is difficult because of nonspecific symptomatology and is usually intraoperatively. We report the case of a uterine varicose vein rupture in the third trimester of pregnancy in a primigest, whose diagnosis is made during cesarean section indicated for acute fetal distress in early labor.

Achalasia is a rare esophageal motility disorder, with unknown etiology. It is characterized by an esophageal aperistalsis, and a failure of relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter in response to swallowing. The clinic, the barium swallow and endoscopy suggest the diagnosis; that is confirmed by manometry. Surgical treatment, palliative, provides excellent results in terms of dysphagia but increases gastroesophageal reflux risk. The combination of Heller myotomy and a fundoplication is used to prevent postoperative gastroesophageal reflux, but the results remain controversial. Our study aims to compare the postoperative results in terms of gastroesophageal reflux in both groups of patients who underwent the Heller myotomy with and without fundoplication, in order to challenge the interest of the systematic association of the fundoplication. Among the 34 patients in the study, 7 have benefited of the Heller myotomy with fundoplication, and 27 have benefited from the Heller myotomy without fundoplication. Our results showed that clinical gastroesophageal reflux occurred for 14% of patients with fundoplication and 18,5% of patients without fundoplication. On the other hand, the pH reflux occurred for 80% of patients with fundoplication and 69.2% of patients without fundoplication. The pH measurement analysis after the surgery showed an average GERD rate in a standing position of 1.9% in the group of patients with fundoplication and 7.2% in the group of patients without fundoplication. The same analysis showed an average rate of gastroesophageal reflux in a lying position of 30% for both groups. We concluded that there is no difference between using the fundoplication or not to prevent postoperative GERD, so it should be dedicated to specific cases such as hiatal hernia.

Schwannoma is a benign nervous tumor arising swhan cells with a difficult preoperative diagnosis. The retroperitoneal localization is exceptional and its occurrence during Von Recklinghausen’s disease is rare. Von Recklinghausen’s disease is an evolutionary pathology characterized by the involvement and impairment of several organs deriving from the neural crest. Some complications can be seen, but the most serious complication is the degeneration of neurofibromas. We report the case of a 28 years old patient, who consulted for left low back pain, CT scan has revealed a cystic mass behind the left hepatic lobe, and MRI was in favor of a remanied bilary cyst. a laparoscopy for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes has been proposed, and has objective a retroperitoneal cystic mass, that doeas not depend on the liver or the pancreas, pathologic examination after total excision of the tumor, conclude with a benign schwannoma, subsequently the diagnosis of the associated Von Recklinghausen disease was established before the combination of diagnostic criteria. Complete surgical excision of the tumor the reference treatment. Recurrence and transformation, altrough rare after surgery, requires post-operative monitoring by an annual CT scan.

Risk management is a concept that attracts central attention from managers and organizations around the world to ensure the safety of people and goods. In the customs context, it is increasingly proved to be complex with the development of trade and the circulation of people around the world. This complexity is related to the volume, but also to the techniques used by both individuals and organizations. The challenges of customs administrations are becoming more important, but the potential created by the tools made available by information and communication technologies is proving to have great potential for customs, business and individuals. Sources such as big data are an important source of information, and networked machines, thanks to technological advances, enable fast and efficient processing of data and processes. The coupling of foresight with the means mentioned above makes it possible to plan in the short, medium and long term, by establishing plausible scenarios. Big data combined with a structured foresight approach can reduce uncertainties and anticipate better risk management while remaining flexible in a constantly dynamic environment. Developing countries are at the forefront, given the challenges they face. The experiences of some developed countries are pioneering in this regard, and can be a source of learning for value creation.

Parietal endometriosis is a rare clinical entity whose pathophysiology remains unclear. It occurs most often after gynecological or obstetrical surgery. We report the case of a patient with cyclic pain at the level of the caesarean section scar. With clinical examination, two nodules on both sides of the scar increase in size associated with pain punctuated by the menstrual cycle. Pelvic ultrasonography showed two nodular formations of hypoechoic, avascular Doppler echo, apparently in relation to endometriotic nodules. Hence the decision to excise the lesion widely, whose anatomopathological study confirms the diagnosis of parietal endometriosis. Postoperative follow-up was straight forward with a follow-up of 12 months without recurrence of lesions or pain. Through our case, we will insist on the characteristics of this pathology, which will allow the practitioner to understand the interest of the diagnosis and early management of this condition as well as the possibility of its prevention during each gynecological surgery or obstetric.

Media is a predominant agent of socialization. Today, usage of mass media is become the most common activity among young children and youth for their entertainment and at the one side, media is playing an indispensible role in changing our belief system, cultural values, standard pattern behavior, knowledge, attitude and behaviors by communicated messages which broadcast through a variety of channels, can have both positive and negative impact on young children and youth and at the other hand, parents are unaware that what their children are watching on T.V or using on internet which blemishing our youth. The objectives of the research were 1) to see the attention of youth that which content of media they watch? 2) To see the average hours that how much time, mass media is used by youth and young children for their entertainment? 3) To see the parents’ role toward the socialization of youth about media, 4) To explore that how this content of media affects the beliefs and behavior of youth, 5) To explore the positive and negative socio-psychological effects on youth and 6) To see that how media is responsible for aggressive behavior of youth.

Year after year knowledge grows and the different fields of science are becoming more intertwined, interrelated and complex. This requires new teaching methodologies for students so they can learn most of these fields. The future students will then be able to learn the full scientific material so that future scientists can easily add to it. The method of mind mapping is considered one of the most important methods used to improve the teaching process which can achieve maximum potential in the recipient’s understanding of the scientific content with the use of the left and the right hemisphere of the learner's brain to understand and absorb the suggested scientific material. This mind mapping strategy offers the possibility of developing concepts and their links and its classifications in the right categories which saves time and effort to the learner. The results of a survey for a group of academic and Masters and PHD’s students came out positive on whether they prefer using the mind mapping strategy in teaching design in all stages of education (bachelor, masters and doctorate) for its time and effort saving, especially for students of Design and engineering colleges who deals with colors and pictures. Furthermore, the technical construction during the educational stages of these students within these colleges makes them highly capable of understanding the concepts and relationships in the way of the mind mapping s. The problem of research resides in the difficulties most professors, even those who have years of experience, face when it comes to their students’ understanding of some materials; some students are slow to absorb some of the contents of the lesson, especially those which are filled with information. The solution is to reduce the amount of information in the lecture, or to divide it. The purpose of the research is to determine the compatibility of the mind mapping method with the absorption capacity of Design and engineering courses along with determining the extent of its efficiency in the different educational stages? Also, the research asks questions such as: What are the reasons learners prefer to use mind mapping as strategy? Is it the habit of dealing with colors and images behind the preference of the sample in the way of mind mapping? Or the interest in the practical applications more than the theoretical part of the courses? What is the effect of the technical skills of Design and engineering students majors in their ability to understand the shapes and images used in the method of mind mapping, through the surveys and analytical and the work of surveys.

A numerical simulation of two-dimensional laminar pulsatile flow of Non-Newtonian fluid blood through a stenosed artery has been studied. Here the calculations are carried for five different dimensions of a single stenosed. A rigid wall vessel is considered and for inlet velocity profiles an oscillatory physiological and parabolic velocity profile has been imposed. In these investigation Non-Newtonian formative equations- Carreau model for blood has been calculated and also the result of fluid behavior is compared for five cases. Axial velocity, inlet velocity profile, pressure, wall share stress distribution, pressure loss, cross sectional velocities as well as the streamlines contour has been calculated from the investigation and compared for the different dimension of stenosed. From the result it is shown that the velocity and WSS is higher at stenosed region than after and before stenosed region and pressure is dropped at stenosed region then other region for all phases and increment of stenosed height causes more increment of velocity and WSS compare to increment of length.

Bis albuminemia is a rare qualitative anomaly, it is hereditary or acquired and transient and physiopathology remains a little unknown. Indeed, the study presents 6 cases of bis albuminemias collected on 2083 serum protein electrophoresis carried out at the laboratory of biochemistry of CHU Ibn Rochd of Casablanca over a spread period of one year (2018). The results of electrophoresis serum proteins of 6 reported cases showed bis albuminemias which are all of acquired and transient type, of which 3 cases are related to the drug intake of betalactamine antibiotic and the other 3 are related to the syndrome nephrotic.

This study aimed at knowing the extent of the impact of the project-based learning of understanding scientific concepts on second year middle school students, and Physics was chosen as a model of teaching. The case study samples reached 123 students and they were distributed as follows: The Experimental group formed of 44 student, The First Control group formed of 44 students, and The Second Control group formed of 44 students as well. To achieve the objectives of the study, The Experimental group and both The Control groups underwent an advanced collecting test, and another collecting test was taken by all groups after, with no exception. The results showed that there is a statistically significant difference for The Experiment group and the Second Control group, which emphasizes on the authenticity of the hypothesis and indicates the impact of the study strategy based on comprehending physics' concepts to learners.

In our research whose topic titles itself “The existence and legal mechanisms of the protection of Congolese customary land law”, we found that in the Congolese legislation evolution, this Right was first governed by the custom or all power was devolved to the only customary chiefs but also by the law where only the legislator foresees the modes of acquirement, enjoyment as well as expropriation of the farming concessions. This dualism for us, don't create any contradiction, the common laws of property ownership are recognized altogether and protected by the Constitution, the fundamental law and the jurisprudence on the one hand and the customary rules on the other hand.

In our research that turned around the subject titled : “Protecting the land rights of local communities in mining areas in the Democratic Republic of Congo”, we discovered that first, these local communities don't have a legal personality and to this title, only possess the right of undisturbed possession. This right of undisturbed possession is protected by the law that obliges to the mining operator to pay for a royalties that is poured one way or the other to the profit of the local communities according to 15% for the realization of the communal interest of the local communities managed by the decentralized territorial entities that have the obligation to affect some correctly.

Authors of this article have carried out a study on food consumption, nutrition and energetical expensens of 426 students living in halls of residence of UNILU. Results from this study show that 53, 5% of students have a standard feeding with a bodily masss index varying between 18, 5% and 25, 9%. 20, 2% of boarders are under feed, but 26, 3% are obese, and only 26, 8% have a sport practice. Needs and food supplies evaluation in regards to activities shows that the diet is characterized with two meals which the main is taken at evening, whereas food toying is picked at along the day which supply energetical needs of 51, 6% boarder students. So 28, 6% of boarders have an excessive energetical balance whereas 19, 8% show a deficit. From the above results, authors of this study plead in favor of setting up restaurants and soup kitchens in the university hall of residence. The sport practice must as well be done.

The aim of this research is to analyze the pedagogical management system of students in Science and Technology of Physical and Sports Activities in initial training at the National Institute of Youth, Physical Education and Sports (INJEPS ) during their internships in secondary schools. From a reading grid composed of the systemic model of the intervention process of Dunkin and Biddle (1974) and that of Chevallard (1992), this study problematizes on the one hand the didactic fact based on the variables of context, program, process and product and on the other hand the concept of praxeology. It also seeks to understand the key variables in the pedagogical supervision process and how the INJEPS manages the feedback produced by the supervisors of the INJEPS and the Pedagogical Inspectorate. From the analysis of the results of the investigations, it emerges that the supervisors of the two institutions focus mainly on the context, process and product variables during the pedagogical supervision of the trainees of the 3rd, 4th and 5th year, while the program variables are also taken into account in the first and second year. At the end of the supervisions, only the internship notes produced by the supervisors' teaching reports are taken into account by the administration during the partial and final evaluations of the students. No didactic treatment of the content of the feedbacks is done with a view to improving the pedagogical training of future teachers.

Taro was a tuber plant whose knowledge of production was still poorly presented by scientific research in Benin despite its importance in food security. This work aims to assess farmers' knowledge of taro production and conservation systems in 15 villages in three communes in southern Benin. The methodology consisted of participatory research through individual and group interviews. Answers obtained, lack of seed (31.44%) and diseases (31.44%) are the major constraints affecting taro cultivation in the study area. In addition, producers did not have any method of managing tubers after harvest. Other constraints include the existence of a traditional and unstructured seed system, the lack of a tuber management mode and the presence of diseases. An inventory of the problems encountered in this case the lack of quality planting material provides an alternative for seed production by in vitro culture techniques.

The incubation concept is an effective way to link technology, capital and know-how to leverage entrepreneurial talent and accelerate the development of new startups. Incubators are typically established through public-private collaborations between universities, industry and all levels of government because of the importance of innovative small businesses in creating jobs and economic growth. In Morocco, incubation was introduced in universities, stimulated by the Law 01/00 on the organization of higher education. This law has revolutionized the ways in which higher education and research operate. It has opened up new perspectives for universities by enabling them to participate in the creation of wealth and contribute directly to regional and national dynamism. In this work, we will discuss the value chain of academic incubation in Morocco by focusing on the insufficiencies and inadequacies of the process of creating innovative business in Morocco.

Introduction : The organizational model of health in the Democratic Republic of Congo is based on primary health care. Overall, the organization of this system in urban areas still depend on the one of rural areas where public health facilities predominate. Only data from these integates facilities are taken into consideration for the evaluation of utilization services. In this context, in cities where private health facilities proliferate, the level of use is still considered low. Methodology : Data were analyzed in relation to the curative service utilization of all functional health facilities in the eastern DRC city of Goma in order to estimate the overall health coverage for the year 2017 and its contribution in monitoring progress towards universal health coverage. Results : Overall utilization of curative services was 0.61 new case per capita. In this global utilization, the contribution of integrated health facilities in the health system was only 18.7% (n = 579,555). More than 75% of this utilization was covered by private health facilities. But in thses private health facilities, quality was poor. Conclusion : In urban areas, most medical supply service was provided by private health facilities, their non consideration does not make it possible to correctly assess either their use by the population nor the progress towards universal health coverage. In a context of increasing urbanization, the accreditation of private health facilities could be an innovative strategy for their integration, improve quality and good monitoring progress towards universal health coverage.

Maize is one of the most important food crops in Benin. It is cultivated and consumed throughout the country in various forms. Its culture remains dependent on climatic hazards and the culture is based on rudimentary methods. The Government of Benin aware of this issue, has put in place policies to revitalize the sector to increase production of maize. This paper aims to estimate maize supply and demand in Benin using econometric techniques for forecasting purposes. The data used cover the period 1990-2015. The results show the effects of differentiated scales yields of maize production in relation to the areas cultivated according to the departments, as well as the effects of complementarity and substitutability between maize and cotton on the one hand and another between maize and yam.

The Aghien lagoon watershed is located in peripheral north-east areas of Abidjan. This space is accelerated population growth more than more important. The rate of urbanization is higher than 60% in 2014 (RGPH, 2014). Also, does the acceleration of urbanization result in vegetation cover degradation for the benefit of the built environment and a peri-urban agriculture. Also, does the acceleration of urbanization result in vegetation cover degradation for the benefit of the built environment and a peri-urban agriculture. This study aims to analyze in part one the diachronic evolution of vegetation cover between 1987-2000 and 2000-2015, and second part its takes stock of this dynamic between 1987 and 2015. Thus, the analysis of land use dynamics in the Aghien basin is based on the the vegetation mapping of landsat images. The methodology is based on the supervised classification by maximum likelihood of landsat images The results of the dynamics of land use in the basin in 1987, 2000 and 2015 indicate a decline in forest cover and perennial crops in favor of built environment and bare soil (+10.98%), subsistence crops and fallow (+11.37) over the period (1987-2015). Urbanization and increase crops are caused modifications of vegetation cover in outskirt of basin. These changes are mainly due to demographic pressure and unsustainable agricultural practics.

The international literature review on the meaning of work reveals that, there is still an epistemological confusion between the meaning and coherence constructs. To date, no research has empirically proven that the meaning of work, which emerges from the perception of the work, its purpose and its contribution to the meaning of existence, has an autonomous and a distinctive character not only with respect to the perceived and effective coherence existing between the worker and the working environment, but also vis-à-vis other factors which view the meaning as a subset of more important constructs like psychological empowerment. To address this gap, this research aims at continuing the empirical validation on the inventory of the meaning of work while examining not only its factorial structure, but also and especially the conceptual and empirical differences between the meaning and coherence. Confirmatory factor analyzes were carried out on 623 hospital staff in Cameroon, showing that the two-dimensional structure of the meaning inventory presents better statistical indices of adequacy on the real data and accounts for 71.486% of the explained variance. Correlational analyzes that were carried out on 359 samples validated the distinctive and autonomous character of meaning with respect to coherence (r≈-32).

This study aims to ensure that if person's values – organizational climate fit is substantiated, this can predict job satisfaction. Our study gives priority to construe the effects of the coherence between the worker and the working environment. The direct effects of the underlying fit components are not taking into account in this study. We used coefficient from the structural modelling equation. The factors taken separately most obey to a gathering of constraints, so preserving the direct and the interactions effects. The main result of our research reveals that objective coherence effect between the organizational valorization of teamwork and the individual importance attached to interpersonal solidarity is really true on the job satisfaction (Mso : β = -0, 64, p<0,001 et Msp : β = 0,77, p< 0,001 ; R² = . 35). Moreover, it is appear that perceived coherence interacts with the underlying components to determine worker’s job satisfaction.

A forest mushroom, Auricularia delicata (Mont ex Fr.) Henn, largely consumed by the populations of the provinces of Equateur, Kwilu, Kwango, Mayi-Ndombe, Kasaï Central, Kasaï-Oriental and the citizens of the city of Kinshasa, subject to a significant trade, generating substantial revenue, was studied in the context of a non-timber forest product. A survey conducted in 10 markets in the city of Kinshasa and the analysis of the chemical composition of this mushroom, reveals that Auricularia delicata is very appreciated and provides protein (10 %), carbohydrates (50 %), lipids (9 %) and minerals. An important commercial activity of this product, characterized by a stream of traffic, ensures the transport and supply of the congolese capital in food products. This work highlights one of the characteristics of urban ecosystem: the importation of some of his intra-somatic energy for its operation. It appears interesting to protect habitats and natural substrates of this forest resource, to undertake cultivation trials and innovations needed to integrate this forest product in the formal trade circuit in order to generate attractive incomes for the producers and traders, and to ensure availability for consumers.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a parasitic vector disease transmitted by a dipteran insect bite, the sandfly. This still poses a public health problem in Algeria and in many countries. It is a widespread pathology that develops in sporadic or endemic form. In order to assess the epidemiological situation of this disease in the Djelfa region and to determine the influence of the factors of variation and to estimate the risk on public health, a study was extended from January 2018 to May 2018. The results showed that the number of cases of human cutaneous leishmaniasis was 249 cases with an average of 49.8 ± 37.18 cases (20.00 ± 14.93%). The highest rate of this condition was observed during the month of January (37.75%) and the disease is strongly negatively correlated with mean monthly temperature (r = -0.87, R2 = 0.75). ). Statistical analysis has shown that the incidence of the disease is highly dependent on months (P <0.001). Our results showed that the disease mainly affects men (57.83%) than women (42.17%). The pathology is better related to sex (P <0.05). In parallel, the distribution of results by age shows that patients aged between 20 and 50 years are the most affected by the disease (42.17%). In addition, residents of Ain Oussera commune are more affected by the disease (22.09%). These results testify to the real risk posed by human involvement with cutaneous leishmaniasis in this region of Algeria and the need for vector and reservoir recognition, and to implement a program of extension and control in this region according to epidemiological aspects of the disease.

Entrepreneurial orientation of students in Morocco is a potential driver of economic growth, job creation and development of self-employment. The proposed paper aims to present in the first part the evolvement over time of the definition of the entrepreneur, entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial orientation. In the second part, the analysis is oriented towards the objectives of ten academic programs in entrepreneurship that have been implemented in Moroccan public universities from the 2000s and as part of international cooperation. In the third part, the paper aims to identify the various shortcomings of these programs and suggests proposals for the improvement of future programs and the contribution to students’ entrepreneurial behavior or entrepreneurial.

Three techniques of grafting were tested at the kola, in order to retain to it (them) more efficacious for the production of vegetable material in sufficient quantity. They are the graftings in side and final slit, and that in escutcheon. These grafts were preserved in two environments at the contrasted characteristics: talon and tunnel to evaluate the effects of them. The analyses of the data revealed that mortalities are more significant during the first two weeks but, tend to be stabilized during the third. The graft in final slit, preserved under tunnel, showed a superiority expressed through the weakest death rate after three weeks compared to the shield-grafts which resisted less under the same conditions. Conversely, the shield-grafts behaved better under greenhouse than the grafts in slit. These grafts in slit final and maintained under tunnel, were revealed best adapted to the multiplication of the kola. The results of this study suggest possibilities of production of vegetable material in mass according to tested techniques.

A written test has been administred to 226 pupils of the fourth form scientific, chemistry-biology option of 11 schools of Bunia town in DR Congo in order to evaluate the level of acquisition of total ionic reactions by the surveyed pupils. The obtained results at the end of these tests have shown that these pupils do not master correctly the notions of total ionic reactions taught to them (38,94 % of success). These pupils are very skillful in the explaination test (60,18 %) rather than in the execution test (13,72 %). In fact, they easily master the concepts to be memorized ; on the other hand, their failures concern the determination of the electronic transfer of ion, ionisation of molecules in the ionic reactions, the complete writing of a chemical equation and to the preparation of a compound considering the chart representing the characters of volatility and insolubility of a compound. The analysis of the variances of the average results of schools do not significantly differ to the threshold of the significance of 5 % (Fobs 0.05 = 0,81 < Ftab 0.05 = 1,87). This shows that the pupils of 4th form scientific, chemistry-biology option of Bunia town in RD Congo have the same level of mastering of the notions of the total ionic reactions.

In Senegal, rice occupies a place of first choice in the daily food. In spite of the importance of this cereal, its production covers only 50 to 80% of the national needs.However, the noted outputs are weak. The total objective of this work is a contribution to food self-sufficiency and aims specifically to the agronomic performance evaluation and the rice adaptation of plate under the conditions of culture of the Southern zone of the Arachidier Basin. Within the framework of this work a device in complete random blocks with 3 repetitions was used and like factor studied the variety. The culture was led under strictly rain hydrous condition. The results of the variance analysis showed a significant variability according to the varieties tested for the unit of the studied characters. They are the earliest varieties Art3-7-l9p8-1-b-b-1 and NERICA 14 which gave the highest outputs between 4615 kg/ha and 4371 kg/ha. The weakest outputs are observed on the level of the late variety (CNAX 3031-78-2-1-7).Under the conditions of the South Arachidier Basin the best varieties associate a good precocity an output in acceptable grain and a good weight of 1000 grains.