During 2011-2013, 189 bacteria from four Moroccans regional hospitals were referred to The National Institute of Hygiene (NIH) to achieve phenotyping and genotyping. Galleries Api20E, Api20NE and Api20Sthap (bioM

Leptospirosis is probably the most widespread and prevalent zoonotic disease in the world. It is difficult to diagnose both in the clinic and the laboratory. Therefore, the disease is frequently not recognized and consequently severely neglected. Leptospirosis is (re-)emerging globally and numerous outbreaks have occurred worldwide during the past decade. Leptospirosis affects humans in rural and urban settings and in industrialized and developing countries. The most recent examples are the epidemics in Nicaragua in 2007, in Sri Lanka in 2008 and in the Philippines in 2009, each affecting several thousands of people and causing hundreds of deaths. Based on global data collection 300,000

73 enterobacteria which isolated from four regional hospitals Moroccans during 2011 to 2012 were referred to The National Institute of Hygiene (INH). For all isolates Phenotping and genotyping were conducted. Biochemical was performed by galleries Api20E (bioM

Serology plays an important role in the diagnosis of leptospirosis. Few laboratories have the resources and expertise to perform the microscopic agglutination test and leptospirosis remains a neglected disease because of limited access to diagnosis, due to reliance on antiquated standard methods and the cost of commercially available alternatives. There is a need for rapid and simple serological tests which facilitate the early diagnosis of leptospirosis, while antibiotic therapy may be most effective. In Morocco this disease is little known. Studies about it are very rare. In this study 11 serums which referred to the National Institute of Health in Rabat, Morocco during 1-1-2014 to 30-6-2015 were evaluated by IgM ELISA and Slide agglutination test (SAT). 7 serums were positives by Elisa and 10 were positives by (SAT). 9 of cases were from Sidi kecem region. All patients were male. The rate of age for all patients was 29.5 years.

The objective of this work is the study of the physico-chemical and microbiological quality of a derivative of Moroccan dates: Dkess (date paste). This is the basis for Food Saharan regions. Despite the sensitivity of Dkess to alteration and that poses serious problems to human health found that few studies conducted on this product. The study was performed on 300 samples, physico-chemical characteristics (4 criteria), microbiological and hygienic (10 criteria) were assessed against the standards. A Characterization of microbial flora and a study of the antibiotic susceptibility of some isolated bacteria were performed. The results showed that the quality of pulp is much more developed than that of traditional pulp and semi industrialized and this on all the criteria examined whether physicochemical or microbiological (42% of the samples of traditional pulp and 33% of dough semi industrialized does not conform to international standards). In addition, the poor preservation of places of production causes an alteration of traditional pasta and pasta semi industrialized dates and their susceptibility to contamination by microorganisms, and the damage is even more important as storage conditions and storage are not adequate. The control of manufacturing processes and preparation as well as the entire food chain of these products must be improved to ensure the health and safety of consumers.

The objective of this work is the study of the quality of a derivative of Moroccan dates: Tahlaoute. It is a vital and essential product oasis whose population exceeds two million. However, this product has been a little or no studies. The study was performed on 220 samples (110 samples of traditional Tahlaoute and 110 samples of industrialized Tahlaoute), the physicochemical characteristics (4 criteria), the microbiological and hygienic (10 criteria) were assessed against the standards. The results showed that the quality of industrialized Tahlaoute is much larger than traditional Tahlaoute and this on all criteria studied whether physico- chemical or microbiological (60% of samples of traditional Tahlaoute are not consistent with international standards). In addition, storage conditions are generally unfavorable, resulting in an alteration of traditional Tahlaoute and its susceptibility to contamination by microorganisms. The control of manufacturing processes and preparation as well as the entire food chain of these products must be improved to ensure the health and safety of consumers.