The seed germination test is generally used to assess the seeds germination quality. The objective of this study was to determine the germination kinetics as well as the diversity of pepper accessions (Capsicum annuum L.) from the Diffa, region of Niger according to the germination potential. These accessions were collected in 5 Departments of the Diffa region in 2020 and 2022. Thus, the emergence of the seedlings was carried out in vitro according to a device in complete randomized blocks with three (3) repetitions. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant difference between the accessions, for all the parameters analyzed (P˂0.000). The average germination rate which varied from 7.33% for N’guigmi (Ng-047) to 100% for Bosso accessions. Strong correlations were observed between germination rate and germination rate (0.63). The ascending hierarchical classification (HAC) and the principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a structuring of the accessions into 3 main distinct groups. The G1 group composed of 27 accessions is characterized by a long germination time and a germination time of 50% and by a high germination rate. Group G2 is made up of 10 accessions with a long latency time and 50% germination time. As for the G3 group, it is also made up of 10 accessions with a high germination time and latency time. This study will allow breeders to have a biological base material for further research.

Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea [L.] Verdc.), a crop of the new millennium, is considered one of the main legumes of the tropics, because of it versatile advantages. The main objective of this study is to estimate the variation of local Bambara groundnut accessions by taking into account their 21 quantitative characters, in order to find the best genotype adapted to Niger. The study was carried out according to a completely randomized Fisher block device with four repetitions. Twenty-one (21) characters including four (4) phenological, five (5) morphological and twelve (12) related to yield were evaluated to characterize the accessions. With the 21 characters of the accessions used, the variation of the genetic parameters was determined. The analysis of variance revealed significant variations for all the traits assessed (P≤0.01). The coefficients of variation vary from 0.57% to 32.11%. Six (6) of the twenty-one (21) parameters measured had high coefficients of variation (CV˃20%). Yield showed a strong positive correlation with parameters such as number of leaves (r=0.62), number of pods (r=0.68), number of petioles per plant (r=0.62), 100-seed weight (r=0.79), pod weight (r=0.97) and seed weight (r=0.97). The weight of seeds (GCV=23.40% and PCV=42.54%), the weight of 100 seeds (GCV=25.73% and PCV=25.75%) and the yield in Kg/ha (GCV= 23.40% and PCV=42.54%) revealed high phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation (˃20%). Maturity date (91.28%) and 100-seed weight (96.85%) were highly heritable. Genetic advance was high for 100-seed weight (52.96%), dry biomass weight (34.19%), seed width (20.55%), seed weight (26.52%) and the yield in Kg/ha (26.53%). The 100-seed weight (h2b=96.85% and GA=52.97%) had high broad-sense heritability and expected genetic gain. The constructed dendrogram showed three distinct groups of accessions. Group 1 is made up of promising accessions with the highest average seed weight per plant (13.24g), small plants (20±0.86 cm) and early plants (82±0.86 DAS). Group 2 includes late accessions (83±0.30 DAS) with average height (21±0.35 cm). Group 3 is composed of intermediate accessions for the maturity date (82±0.66 cm) with the highest seedlings (22±0.22 cm). Accessions Di-3 082 (899.73 kg/ha), Di 083 (857.89 kg/ha), Di 085 (566.53 kg/ha), Zi 087 (818.22 kg/ha), Zi 092 (584.27 kg /ha), Zi 094 (720.22kg/ha) and Zi 098 (616.00kg/ha) gave yields higher than the average total yield (560.20 kg/ha).

Bambara groundnut [Vigna Subterranea (L.) Verdc.], plays an important role in increasing the bioavailability of phosphorus even in ferrolsoils through its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen and gives an average yields ranging from 350 to 800 kg / ha in areas where soil is poor and rainfall is low. This ability to bind atmospheric nitrogen by legumes such as Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.)) is due to the presence of root nodules harboring colonies of Rhizobium, symbiotic bacteria. Indeed, it has been showed some diversity in the isolated nodules from the same legume and proved that, apart from the genetic difference, some strains are more efficient, more competitive than others. The objective of this study is to evaluate the diversity of the nodulating rhizobia of Bambara groundnut morphotypes of Niger. For that, the PCR / RFLP technique was used to identify the polymorphism between rhizobium strains isolated from the root nodules of three (3) morphotypes (Ne-01, Ne-09 and Ne-10) cultivated at two sites (Tara and Kollo) of two different agro-ecological areas. The analysis revealed a high diversity within populations of rhizobia nodulating of Vigna Subterranea L. A total of twenty five (25) types of IGS profiles were identified from the 68 samples analyzed with 4 dominant types (II, XI, XIV and XVI). In general, the same types of IGS for the same morphotype at both sites were observed. It also appeared that the growing area has an impact on rhizobia diversity. Thus, it has been shown that the genetic diversity of rhizobia populations is much higher in Tara (20/25 types identified) compared to Kollo (12/25 types). The distribution of rhizobia populations capable of nodulating the Vigna Subterranea L. was depended not only at the morphotype but also at the growing area.