This study attempts to explore the aspect of International Human Resource Development with reference to foreign students currently enrolled in Universities in South Korea in terms of the role human resource development helps the country of origin of the international students and how international students can link the International Human Resource Development goals to their home country's strategic needs. The study, studied the responses of 46 international students randomly selected from 76 responses among the 83 returned survey questionnaires. The surveys contained information about the foreign scholars' attitudes, perceptions and motivations with respect to the training received or receiving in foreign countries and the connection to the strategic goals from their home country. The results of the study offer meaningful assistance to the suggested assumptions showing that attitudes, perceptions and motivations have significant influence not only in the choices individuals made with regard to studying in a foreign country but also in the accuracy of familiarity and understanding of the strategic needs of the country of origin. Greater part of the participants has seen their training as important to their countries to facilitate economic development. The findings may have remarkable contribution to HRD professionals, funding agencies and training facilitators.

The objective of this paper is to investigate the dynamics of the barrel assembly-recoil mechanism of military cannons when using air springs and a constant damping coefficient hydraulic damper in their recoil mechanisms. The elastic characteristics of the air spring is nonlinear and the recoil mechanism orientation introduces extra nonlinearity to the dynamic model of the system. An extremely nonlinear model of the barrel assembly is derived and solved using Runge-Kutta 4 method to provide the dynamic response of the barrel assembly upon firing. The simulation results using the data of a Howitzer M114 cannon are presented for recoil mechanism orientation ? 50 degrees. The performance of the recoil mechanism is evaluated through the minimum and maximum displacements of the barrel assembly and the settling time of its response upon firing. The effect of the number of air springs on the performance of recoil mechanism is investigated. The analysis shows that it is possible with air springs to obtain barrel assembly response similar to that of a critically damped second-order system. It is possible with proper selection of the recoil assembly parameters to decrease the maximum barrel displacement to 54 mm and the settling time to less than 2 seconds.

The colonial rule of west left ineffaceable imprints over the discourse of Law and on its practice in India. The Public and private sphere of life dealt by two different laws; secular and religious respectively. The economic needs of Raj in India were forced British to collaborate with local notables, women of India and then subsequently of Pakistan denied any opportunity or freedom promised by colonial government. Those coded personal laws to this day in Pakistan is one of the reason hurting the effort of Pakistani women in getting her rightful place in society.

Ubiquitous Computing is new computer paradigm with seamless integration of hundreds and thousands of self-communicating small scale computers and intelligent devices into the user environment and daily life activities. Ubiquitous computing has high prospects for human life along with certain challenges across computer science, system design, system engineering, system modeling and in Human Computer Interactions (HCI) design. In case of Human Computer Interactions (HCI) there are certain requirements and challenges for ubiquitous computing like minimum user attention in order to enable them to focus on tasks rather than technology. Traditional Human computer Interaction models in the form command line, menu driven or Graphical User Interface (GUI) are inadequate and insufficient to meet the unique requirements of the ubiquitous computing environment. The spirit of Ubiquitous Computing requires specialized natural, implicit and embedded interaction paradigm in order to support the unique requirements of interaction patterns in ubiquitous computing. In order to promote implicit Human Computer Interactions (iHCI) the context aware system, natural multimodal interfaces are the prerequisite. With the help of context aware and multimodal natural interfaces user would have the opportunity to pay less time to interact with technology that is the agenda of the implicit Human Computer Interactions (iHCI) and ultimately achieve the objective of Ubiquitous computing of minimum user involvement into technology and to enable them to focus on their tasks.

In recent years agile development methods has gain very much popularity due to associated advantages with the agile practices like faster developments, stakeholder involvement, short iterations and quality oriented development. Agile development methods strongly focus on close customer collaboration, short iterations and quick deliveries. Literature review and industry practices reveals agile methodologies have paid little emphasize on software testing. Though agile doctrine present agenda of continuous testing, but it is usually limited to current iteration. Agile practices include very little testing practices at the release of artifacts, which are considered essential for a quality software product. Most of the existing agile methods have employed unit testing which is limited to the current iteration. Agile method seldom agile development methods can be more beneficial if they include a formal framework for testing. The focus of this study is one the development of agile based testing framework to be integrated with existing agile methods and practices, to take full gain and potential of agile methodologies. The proposed agile based frame work will be based on the automation of testing, building and managing of effective testing teams, and a real continuous testing environment.

Pakistan Software industry despite having potential failed to progress well in order to capture fair amount of international market share. Due to poor quality practices and lack of standardized practices Pakistan software industry ranked as tier-3 among the taxonomy of software exporting nations. Software Process Improvements (SPI) practices can play their part to overcome problem of Pakistan software industry but we also suffer in implementation of these standard practices. The core aim of this study is to identify the main barriers of Software Process Improvement (SPI) best practices in term of CMMI model in Pakistan. Pakistan based software development organizations suffer with implementation of Software process Areas due to many factor.

Globalization has embraced the world business, even the software development industry also affected. In order to exploit the universe talent there is major trend of offshore development, testing and for other quality assurance activities. Organization in order to save costs, and use specialized expertise has focus on distributed software development and quality assurance practices. Along with certain advantages there may be certain loopholes and problems, if the distributed process and teams are not managed in a proper ways. The focus of the study is to provide a framework for understanding and supporting the management of geographical distributed quality assurance teams. The proposed framework stresses the need of effective team organization, configuration management, collaboration, coordination and communication across team members. The study also evaluates the performances of team geographical distributed teams while applying these parameters.

A survey on the inventory of woody flora on the west coast of Lake Kivu has been done precisely in Katana region. Transect and quadrat methods have been used in the sites and many species inventoried of the vegetation have been recognized relics as: Brideliia bridelifolia, Vernonia amygdalina,Ficus lutea, Albizia grandibracteata, Tabernaemontana jonhstoni, Urera sp, Markhamia lutea, Erythrina abyssinica, Ficus vallis-choudae, Maessa lanceolata showing that there was primary forest in the region but was destroyed by anthropogenic activities.

Maternal benefits of fetal extraction have been clearly demonstrated in the case of hemodynamic failure. However, in case of respiratory failure very little data are available. The aim of our study is to discuss the management of patients with respiratory distress during pregnancy secondary to a pleuropulmonary disease.

Vaginal Angioleiomyoma is a rare entity. We report a case of vaginal Angioleiomyoma with literature review. Our case was about a 48 years old woman who consulted for a nodule in the posterior wall of the vagina. The surgery allowed removal of a tissue-like structure of 2 cm. The final histologic diagnosis was a vaginal Angioleiomyoma.

The present quantitative study was conducted to explore the socio-economic factors affecting on the maternal health in the rural areas of District Layyah. The universe of the present study consisted of the all the fertile women those were able to reproduce. 150 women were selected from the rural areas of the research areas through systematic random sampling. Description of the data and analysis was done through SPSS. It was concluded that the early marriages, low level of education and income, unavailability of the maternal homes and general hospitals, far away of the hospitals, and the absence of doctors and gynecologists in the rural areas and the traditional methods of delivery cases are the major causes of the low level of maternal health in the rural areas of the study area. It was recommended that to improve the maternal health education and income level should be raised and awareness should be given in the study areas.

This paper reviews an advanced literature on capital asset pricing model. It starts by a brief introduction in welcoming scholars into the model background and its relevant assumptions and implications. It then explains the model in its real form, both the conceptual and the analytical part of it. The CAPM and the Index Model is then clearly looked at and explained in the dimensions of the Index Model and Realized Returns and also the Index Model and the Expected Return-Beta Relationship. The researchers penultimately look at a number of empirical tests for CAPM to explain the validity of the model. Some of the Empirical tests looked at by this paper are the tests by Lintner, which is reproduced in Douglas (1968), Fama and MacBeth (1973), tests by Black, Jensen and Scholes (1972), tests by Stambaugh (1982), tests by Gibbons (1982), Miller and Scholes (1972) tests and the Roll (1977) Critique. The paper finds that, there is strong empirical evidence invalidating the CAPM and on the other hand it is clear that the empirical findings themselves are not sufficient to discard the CAPM. The paper found out further that CAPM cannot be used for estimating the cost of capital, to evaluate the performance of fund managers or as an aid in event-study analysis. For practical purposes, Merton's (1973) intertemporal CAPM or some form of the APT would have to be resorted to for the purpose of explaining expected stock returns.

The objective of this study is to investigate the relations between soft factors in the change management (i.e. leadership, human resource & culture) and operational excellence (OPX), and employee' affective commitment to change (ACTC) as a moderating variable. Based on the literature review, the authors develop a linkage that the change management factors are likely to contribute positively to the OPX of the organization. A survey of a sample of Malaysia's manufacturing leading sector, electrical and electronics (E&E) industry was conducted between February 2013 and June 2013. More than 100 organizations responded to the questionnaire survey. Data were analyzed using multiple regressions and hierarchical regression. The theoretical framework was guided by resource-based view perspective. The analysis found significant, positive relationships between transformational leadership style, human resource practices and involvement cultural trait on achievement of OPX. The research had mixed findings, partially supports the moderating effect of ACTC on relationship between the change management and OPX. The contribution to a body of knowledge in terms of promoting better understanding of the operational excellence in Malaysian E&E industry. Practical adoption of change management may improve infrastructural decision areas of manufacturing strategy such as benchmarking, best practices, quality practices and human resource policies. Therefore, it has implication on activities concerning organization and managing change.

The study examined factors influencing procurement performance in the private sector in Kenya. The study adopted descriptive research design. Target population was 169 employees working in Henkel Chemicals (E.A) from all levels of management. The study used systematic random sampling technique in selecting the 117 participants. A structured questionnaire was used as method of data collection. Data analysis was done using qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. The relationship between the independent variables (staff competence, organizational structure, and quality management and information technology) and procurement performance was tested using the regression analysis. The study established that application of IT in Henkel Chemicals (E.A) Procurement process was the most related factor affecting procurement performance measured in terms of service delivery compared to staff competence, organization management, whereas quality management was the least related factor affecting procurement performance.

The study assessed the performance of SD Bioline Histidine Rich Protein 2 (HRP2) based rapid diagnostic test in blood and saliva samples in order to assess the usefulness of saliva as an alternative sample to blood in malaria diagnosis. A total of 1026 blood samples and 186 saliva samples (total RDT positive sample) were collected from patients who attended the clinic, and fell within the inclusion criteria at St Mathew's Hospital, Amukoko, Lagos State.
Microscopy and rapid diagnostic test were carried out on the whole blood samples and saliva, the RDTs tested demonstrated a high sensitivity 96.7% for SD Bioline, and a high specificity 98.7% for SD Bioline at a 95% confidence interval(p=0.445). Saliva samples demonstrated a low sensitivity of 12.7% for SD Bioline whilst a high specificity of 99.9% for SD Bioline HRP-2 RDT.
There was no significant difference between microscopy and SD Bioline HRP 2(?2, P=0.05) and as such it is a good diagnostic tools for malaria, while saliva serves as a promising possible means of non-invasive technique in malaria diagnosis.

Background: Aedes aegypti is present year round in several cities of the Republic of Benin. This study aims to assess the seasonal distribution of this mosquito at Dandji, in southern Benin.
Method: A cross seasonal entomological study on larvae and adults of Ae. aegypti was carried out from May 2013 to April 2014 in southern Benin (Dandji). The study was based on sampling Ae. aegypti immature stages (larvae/pupae) from domestic, peri-domestic and natural water sources and were reared to adults. The collections were made during the dry and rainy seasons. Addional Ae. aegypti were collected by Human Landing Catches (HLC), Indoor Pyrethrum Spray Catches (PSC), Biogents (BG) sentinel trap and Gravid traps (GT).
Results: During the year of study, a total number of 18,658 mosquitoes were collected where 15,204 were collected by HLC; 303 with BG trap, 3,038 with PSC, 48 with the GT. Among the 18, 593 of Ae. aegypti collected, the female populations (13,834) was significantly higher than the male populations (p<0.05). From the 13,834 females, 1,380 were blood-fed.
Adult's collection was high during the two rainy seasons (June to July and October to November) but declined in the two dry seasons (December to March and August to September).
At Dandji, the average of Human Biting Rates (HBR) obtained during the rainy seasons (79.6 bites/p/n) was significantly higher than those obtained during the dry seasons (58.62 bites/p/n) (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: These findings showed the presence of Aedes aegypti year round at Dandji in southern Benin. This presence is strengthening with the trade of second hand tires which are good breeding sites for the development of Ae. aegypti. Data on blood feeding patterns of Ae. aegypti collected during this study will certainly provide valuable information about potential Dengue virus (DENV) hosts others than humans and will help to get a greater understanding about DENV ecology in Benin. It is therefore crucial for health authorities of Benin to develop a program to fight against this mosquito in order to avoid an outbreak of DENV as it was the case in many sub Saharan Africa countries recently.

Hand grip is the functional unit of dentists used in firm holding of instruments and tools. Muscles of hand grip supplied by cervical nerves. Dentists put their neck in high physical load for prolonged time that lead to neck pain. 54.4% of dentists in K.S.A. have neck pain and 21% drop out of their job. Objective: The main objective is to correlate neck pain intensity with hand grip strength in dentists of Saudi Arabia. Methodology: Subjects: 25 chronic neck pain dentists (suffering from neck pain more than 3 months) in both gender, were selected. Their ages ranged from 25 to 40 years with normal BMI (18.5-25).they were divided into 3 subgroups according to neck position during their work. Procedures: Pain intensity will be determined by visual analog scale (VAS), hand grip strength will be measured by Jamar hand dynamometer in kilogram (Kg) unit. Result: Among 25 dentists the result showed extremely significant correlation between neck pain intensity and hand grip strength (direct proportional). Discussion and conclusion: the findings of this study denote presence of direct proportional correlation between neck pain intensity and hand grip strength which may be attributed to deficits in sensory motor integration and neuro hyper excitability found in neck pain victims.

The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the short-term effect of chicken manure on soil properties of cultivated horizon (0-20 cm) under silage maize. The field experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design. In total, twelve plots were arranged; it consisted of four treatments and three repetitions. Applied treatments included a control (C) and spreading of chicken manure at 5 t / ha (T1), 10 t / ha (T2) and 15 t / ha (T3). The results obtained showed that the application of chicken manure improves several soil properties. It induced a significant increase in the soil electrical conductivity (EC), the phosphorus and nitrates content (NO3-) depending on the amount applied. A slight acidification was recorded after manure application. This acidification is probably due to mineralization of organic matter activated after incorporation of manure into the soil. Trends of increasing soil organic matter (OM) were registered. Its contents ranged from 4.60%, 5.65%, 5.57% and 5.66% for C, T1, T2 and T3 respectively. The total nitrogen and potassium content were higher after application without marking a significant difference. The nitrogen contents varied from 0.20 to 0.23% and those of potassium from 277 to 350 ppm. The production of corn silage was significantly higher in plots (T3), with a production of 17.8 t/ ha. For other treatments, production has not registered a significant difference. They ranged from 10.7 to 13.4 ton per hectare.

Onychomycosis infection is considered as one of the main diseases that most of male and females are severing from this infections, The aim of this study was to survey the fungi contraction with clinical cases undergo Onychomycosis infections, and identification by phenotypic biochemical test, this study was performed from May2010 to May2011., clinical samples of Onychomycosis of at different age groups and sex were collected from Al-Dewania province. The results showed (88.48%) of patients undergo Onychomycosis and based on Occupations in house wives 41.81%, workers19.4, % farmers, 13.9%and followed by employments and students respectively, the age groups females were 51.32 % and males were 48.67%.Isolated 30 filamentous fungal species: Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytis, Geotrichum capitatum, Aspergillum fumigates, Asp. niger, Asp. oryzae, Asp. tamarri, and 14 isolates of Candida :C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. kyfer, C. parapsilosis and C. krusei representative. Most fungi showed variable degrees in their susceptibilities to the antifungal agents. The CHROM agar medium and others tests were facililating the primary diagnosis for most Candida isolates.

This paper assessed the factors influencing employee retention in Tanzania's public and private sector workplaces. The purpose of the study was to reveal and assess the factors perceived by employees as forces influencing retention at the workplace in each sector and investigating employers' psychological factors and different methods used by the organizations in retaining their best employees in each sector. The study used semi-structured, closed and open ended questionnaires, Focus Group Discussions, Key informants as well as review of documents from various libraries and online resources. This study used a sample of 60 respondents drawn from ten (10) selected organizations .software Package for Statistical Science (SPSS) version 20.0 and excel. The study findings revealed that there is a high rate of turnover in Tanzania's work organizations and that those who stayed in the same organization were from public organizations particularly higher learning institutions. The study also revealed that, low salaries and benefits were the main reason for leaving. Furthermore, employer psychological factors including organizational justice and prestige were mentioned as influence to employee retention. Increasing salaries was mentioned to be the strategy used by the most companies in retaining their employees. The study, therefore, recommends that the selected organizations and others should conduct regular review of the remunerations, structure good retirement plans and foster a congenial or conducive work environment that provide and create opportunities for further development, continuous renewal and learning, and deepening of employee motivation to contribute stupendously to the organization's performance, workplace excellence, and competitive advantage.

This research aims to analyse the determinants of innovation and cooperation activities. Based on a sample of 364 Moroccan companies, we highlight the importance of the impact of cooperative relations allowing the company to access the knowledge and skills necessary for innovation that they couldn't acquire if they remained isolated. We particularly focus on the determinants of innovation of Moroccan companies, taking into account their cooperation leads to innovation in an innovation system. To respond to our question, we will develop the different theoretical approaches to innovation and a review of empirical literature on the innovative behavior of firms. Our results suggest that the probability of innovation is determined by internal and external firm attributes (size, industry, group membership and technological watch, etc.). On the other hand, it was found that the probability of innovation has increased more if the company launches simultaneously in research and development and cooperative relations for innovation.

Work accidents and occupational illnesses at RVM Industrial Ecosystem (Boma, D R Congo). This paper reports on work accidents and occupational diseases at RVM/ Boma in D R Congo. Our investigations based on direct observations, literature search and interviewes revealed the effectiveness of such accidents and occupational diseases at RVM industrial ecosystem. This paper is for sensitization and awareness raising within professional ecosystem.

The platform of the airport Mohamed V in Casablanca constitutes a showpiece of the development in the area of Nouaceur because of its socio-economic role related on the air traffic and the industrial and commercial activities installed in the "a

The importance of photon pair generation can never be overemphasized. It has formed the basis of most fundamental quantum optical experiments like Bell-experiments, quantum teleportation and entanglement swapping. However for considerable number of years Quantum Mechanics in general has remained largely theoretical and within the four corners of laboratories. Quantum Key Distribution is one of the first quantum applications to break this barrier. It provides us with unconditionally secured communication by providing us with efficient alternative to classical cryptography. This study forms part of the effort in realizing efficient way of generating photon pairs through the Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion process using a nonlinear crystal cut for type-I phase matching. After generating the photon pairs, the paper examined how they can be detected efficiently. We measured the rate of single photon generation (up to 200 kHz) as well as the rate at which they are detected in coincidence (150 coincidences per second). We further investigated a quantum interference effect (the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect) which classical wave theory has failed to describe. This effect has numerous applications in scalable quantum networks and in linear quantum computing. Finally, a remarkable conversion efficiency of 2.2

The increase of activity in the food industries is often accompanied by higher emissions of wastewater. Due to Moroccan discharge standards a treatment is mandatory for direct or indirect discharge.
This study evaluates the treatment performance of a sequential batch reactor (SBR) set up by a Moroccan food industry company (Naturex Morocco). The results obtained during the second year of operation of the system shows that the elimination rates reach 98% for COD, 99% for BOD5, 74% for TSS and 68% for total nitrogen. The effluent complies with Moroccan standards for indirect discharge. However, the treated water has some color substances (probably vegetable tannins) which would require additional treatment.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the degree of pollution of oil extraction olive waste water discharged directly to the receiving environment (Wadi R'dom the Sidi Kacem city). And the problems posed qualifies them as liquid material polluting the environment the case of surface waters and low-flow land application, the results of some physic-chemical parameters in terms of conductivity, salinity, biological demand oxygen (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), the rate of sediment dissolved (TDS) and suspended solids (SS) are respectively significant mean values of the four study sites 22.61

This study aims at examining the impact of spatial resolution and the time lag on the relationship between the rainfall intensities and the cloud-to-ground lightning rate during rainy events that occurred in North of Benin in 2006. The lightning data used of this experiment have been collected by LINET network and the rain data are provided by a network of 23 rain gauges. The results obtained show that the temporal scales between the beginning of the electrical activity and precipitations are optimal when these letters are synchronized. The average optimal radius is identified at 8 km around the rain gauges location. In most cases (59 %), the maximum of electrical activity precedes the maximum of precipitations. The heavy rainfalls to ground are offset in time with regard to a peak of electrical activity with an average of 5 minutes.

The Moorish baths "Hammam" are highly visited by Moroccan consumers. The aim of this study is to establish the phenotypic profile of gram negative bacteria isolated from water collected from Moorish baths and test their power of resistance and antibiotic susceptibility. Using the gallery (API bioM

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Food insecurity in Kenya has been experienced over the years and is getting worse. The phenomenon is partly attributed to accelerating global Climate change and variability. This study investigated smallholder farmers' perceptions on climate change; food access and consumption across seasons, and food management strategies for coping with food insecurity, with the aim of identifying promising cases that can be up-scaled to enhance food security. Five sites representative of Kenya's major agro-ecological systems were purposively selected. Three Participatory workshops and focus group discussions for 30 smallholder farmers were held in each site. The participants' collective views showed that frequent droughts, shift in the rainfall season and unpredictable rainfall pattern were climate change indicators common to all sites. Foods widely accessible and consumed were maize, beans, sorghum and cowpeas, with the former two being increasingly consumed due to their adaptability to various climatic conditions, relatively high yield and comparably cheap. In a favorable season, excess food is added value, preserved and stored for an adverse season, in which food is rationed in order to carry the family through for a longer period. There is therefore, need to equip smallholder farmers with knowledge and skills on food processing and preservation, in order to benefit from favorable seasons, by reducing post harvest food losses and spoilage.

Endometrial adenocarcinoma usually occurs after menopause. This tumor is extremely rare in women younger than 30 years. Its treatment includes hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, pelvic lymphadenectomy and in same cases, radiotherapy. We report a case of endometrial Adenocarcinoma in a 26-year-old patient. Through this case the authors emphasize the need of endometrial evaluation in young females with abnormal bleeding before starting any medical treatment. Specific problems of endometrial cancer at young age include delay in diagnosis, difficulty in pathologic interpretation of the curetting tissues and the motivation of most patients to preserve their fertility.

Today's world is very competitive in the field of technological invention. Power generation sector is one of the major sectors in these competitive fields; many researches are undergoing to develop this field to a more and more efficient one. Today's power generation are mostly dependent on non renewable resource, which is why power generation cost is higher, have negative environmental impact, less resources to develop new techniques etc. Considering above facts, we are proposing something different methodology that will replace all these existing difficulties. We design the whole system with generation unit, control unit, storage unit, and distribution unit. An ultra modern solar array device, smallest in size will give so far the highest efficiency. Even little sunlight temperature is enough to get optimum output voltage. We develop a hybrid system including wind turbine unit and fuel cell unit that will give support one another in case of failure. Each unit is independent but all are interdependent in case of emergencies and integrated all way to the existing power system. Our control system is very advance to handle each unit. Overall the whole system will reduce carbon emission, dependency on non renewable source and settle down power sector to a sustainable one. Further discussion of technical terms on each unit, and engineering economics and management in each unit, is discussed throughout the paper.

The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it studies the epenthesis of [I] in Tunisian Arabic (TA) in different environments (C+CC and V:C+C), where it focuses on the way the exact site of the epenthetic vowel is determined (e.g. C+CC > CvCC rather than CCvC). It shows that the reason why a CCC cluster is broken into CvCC rather than CCvC owes to the preference of TA to violate juncture contiguity instead of domain contiguity. This discussion is fully set within Optimality Theory and related sub-theories such as Generalized Alignment and Correspondence Theory. Second, the paper argues that the syllable formed by the epenthetic vowel (CvC) should be added to the TA syllable inventory as a separate syllable type. The evidence comes from stress assignment and shows that the syllable, despite its having a CVC shape, has to be considered as light. This subsequent discussion is set within moraic theory and adopts the technique of mora-sharing in order to satisfy both requirements of monomoraic weight and coda moraicity following the principle of Weight-by-Position. By doing so, it solves the long-standing problem of how to interpret the stress shift in derivatives such as ["tik.tib] (you write) and [tik."tib] (it was written).

Continuous training courses for the teachers in ICT are essential to integrate it in the practical of teaching. However, teachers in Morocco rarely benefit from continuous training courses, especially in ICT. In this paper, we propose distance learning in ICT based on e-Learning platform. The objective of this distance learning is to generalize the ICT continuous training courses for all the Moroccan teachers of physics sciences. This Training combines by the elements of efficiency effectiveness and flexibility, because our distance learning use some approaches that allow each teacher to preplan their learning activities and collaboration with other teachers, also they can chose any needed courses. The other added value of our distance learning is to offer various advantages: First, updating their knowledge in ICT, Second helping teachers improve their ICT qualifications, Third encouraging teachers to integrate and generalize the use of ICT the their scholar activities.

Herbs and farm produce are stored after harvest for different durations and have the potential to support microbial growth on them which can lead to shorter shelf life and enhancing food safety issues due to pathogens and allergens. The present study investigated the native microbial loads and aflatoxin contents on Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaf samples collected from different cultivar in Odisha during various seasonal harvesting processes. There is a clear indication that the total microbial populations in the leaf samples in the monsoon were significantly higher than summer and winter seasons. Therefore, different measures may be needed to handle and process these samples to minimize food safety risks of the product. Determination of AFB1 levels in stevia leaf samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedure revealed that there is consistence presence of aflatoxin AFB1 in all most all samples collected from the region. There was no significant difference in contents within the different types of samples collected. The level of microbial population and aflatoxin contents of all the cultivars irrespective of cultivation cycle or duration needs to be reduced and appropriate post harvest measures needs to be taken for further application of the produce.

Production systems of renewable energy are extensively studied because of their major interest in sustainable development. Therefore, the control structures of the inverter connected to the network is an important part of the conversion and transmission of energy, they must be improved to meet the demands of the connection to the distribution network. This article discusses the comparison between two structures of three-phase inverters; NPC three-level inverter (Neutral Point Clamped), and the usual two-level inverter. The comparison is based on the evaluation of harmonic distortion THD for both inverters are controlled by two different strategies, namely sinusoidal pulse with modulation SPWM and control in mode SWM (square-wave mode). All circuits are modeled and simulated using Matlab-Simulink-SimPowerSystems software.

This paper explores the framework of cloud environment, models, current technologies & trends in the space of Cloud. The Research elaborates on key benefits and barriers of moving IT Business Services to Cloud. Cloud is a way of delivering IT-enabled services in the form of software (SAAS), platform (PAAS) and infrastructure (IAAS). This research overall examines the definition of cloud computing and cloud services and how it will evolve over the next decade. The research targets to provide a clear understanding of the concepts and strategies around the Cloud technology and prepares readers for future enhancements which have become one of the most discussed IT paradigms of recent year.

Our study aims at studying the problems bound to the management of the Health and Safety in the Work in the Moroccan industrial context which possesses several human, financial and other specificities. Besides, the healthcare and Safety in the Work is very recent in Morocco and does not still present tangible results for the company directors. However, the latter are not enough conscious of business process of this office, nor they stakes and thus ignore the contributions of a good management of the industrial safety. These problems return these vulnerable companies in front of the various risks to the work and even for the certified companies. We noticed that the management systems of safety adapted until now in Morocco are inadequate and do not reach a satisfactory level of efficiency because they deal and do not focus on specificities and contextual problems.
So, we led our exploratory study within several Moroccan industrial companies, to take the real problems regarding health safety in the work. We also led, a comparative study of the various reference tables of the Management systems of Safety in particular the most spread, to be able to be inspired best practice and requirements essential to the performance of the Health and Safety to the Work. We were able to conceive a safety management system adapting, effective and efficient and handling these said peculiarities. We also endowed the various chapters of our proposal of an assessment grid to be able to translate the degree of conformity of companies in our reference table.

We conducted 15 months field study on one (Cercopithecus nictitans stampflii) of the eight guenons species in the Ta

The Upper East Region of Ghana is home to myriads of authentic handicraft products. Majority of the indigenes however, depend heavily on basket weaving to earn extra income to supplement gains made from subsistence farming, petty trading, and rearing of animals. Over the years, sales of the basket wares have fallen drastically, largely due to stale products. This is precariously affecting the earnings of the artisans. The India-Africa craft design initiative therefore aims at developing a range of innovative woven products to boost the fortunes of the industry.
The study was an output from the various India-Africa craft design project phases in Ghana. Data was collected using interviews, semi-structured questionnaires, observations and focus group discussions of the participating artisans, project consultants, technical experts, exporters and exhibition attendants. The study was also supported with photographs of some of the newly designed products. From the findings obtained, it is quite apparent that with the relevant artistic and technical inputs, the grass woven products from Bolgatanga and its environs, popularly known as "Bolga baskets" could be restyled and integrated with materials such as leather, wood, calabash, metal and bamboo, to become an acceptable export commodity, which could generate substantial income for the artisans, the region and the nation as a whole.

The warnings provided by intelligence are the backbone of any antiterrorist device, as it seeks to remove the element of surprise on which terrorism draws to hit and hurt. By definition, terrorism is effective in the abruptness and unpredictability of its shares, more than in its destructive capability. The effectiveness of an attack is based primarily on the shock set up within a group or society. We will go even further by saying that direct damage caused by the terrorist act (victims, destruction) are less important than the psychological impact it generates. Regarding Threats of warning, the central analytic task is to peel back substantive Uncertainty about the Meaning of Past Developments and the prospects for future world Developments That Could Endanger interest. Prescient, timely, convincing analysis imminent and potential dangers Regarding Can Be important year for the world Officials multiply force by Reducing the likelihood, first, of incident surprise and, second, of inadequate defensive Preparedness for Effectively dealing with high-impact potential Threats. The notion of warning is responsible for interpretations, and that the wave warning system plays its full role we have already mentioned above, it is important to make a semantic distinction between tactical warning and Strategic warning. The tactical covers everything or dangers that threaten the security of the world (military attack, terrorism, WMD developments, illicit transactions, and political crises abroad). How to analyze and assess risks is the central question that the tactical warning should provide clear answers.

ZnS thin films were grown on soda lime glass substrates using spray pyrolisis method at a substrate temperature of 573K. The films were then subjected to a rapid thermal annealing at different temperatures. X-ray diffraction carried out on the films revealed a single peak which increase in intensity with increase in annealing temperature. The patterns of the ZnS thin films showed that the full width at half-maximum (FWHM), micro-strain and dislocation density of the films decreased with increase in annealing temperature, indicative of an improvement of the crystal quality of ZnS films. Similarly the calculated grain size of the films exhibited an increase with increase in annealing temperature which is a clear indication of an improvement of the crystal quality of the ZnS films. The values of lattice constant 'a' agree with the standard and reported values.

Introduction: The patient's perception of quality of care is fundamental to utilization of health services. Health utilization would partly depend on clients' perception of the quality of care.
Methods: A cross-sectional study involving health clients (18 to 70 years) who accessed health services in the Bantama sub-metro in the Kumasi metropolis was conducted. A total of 400 clients were recruited from ten health facilities for the study. Data was collected through interviewing using semi-structured questionnaires using SPSS and analyzed into descriptive and inferential statistics with STATA 11.
Results: Majority of subscribers assessed healthcare with their National Health Insurance (NHI) cards. Eight percent (8%) had never accessed healthcare with their NHIS cards. Respondents' reasons included not falling sick and low quality of healthcare under the NHIS. Respondents 216 (54%) indicated delays in seeing a doctor, getting laboratories done, and accessing health care as a whole. Seventy-four percent (74%) of the entire population attributed both NHIS and cash and carry systems as the payment methods associated with delays in health facilities. Clients who viewed the overall the quality of health provision as good or very good were more likely to access healthcare with NHIS card as compared to those who rated the overall health provision as poor or very poor (OR=2.1; p<0.01).
Conclusion: Clients' perceptions and experiences with quality of health provision influence their utilization of healthcare under the NHIS scheme. Increased enrolment in the scheme should be supported with provision of quality services to enhance clients' satisfaction.

Pregnant women in developing countries face plenty of challenges with a very high morbidity and mortality due to lack of primary health care settings, health professional resource and basic infrastructure. Moreover, they are not adequately counseled for their nutritional requirements and appropriate weight gain. Situation gets even more complicated with huge illiteracy, lower socioeconomic status, lack of antenatal check by a trained or even skilled health professionals leading to high morbidity both for the mother and for their baby. In this study, we investigated 163 pregnant women of lower socioeconomic class in a tertiary care hospital from September 2013 to January, 2014. After taking informed consent, they were interviewed for basic socio-demographic features, their daily dietary intake and a plenty of medical history with body measurements, e.g. weight, height, pulse, blood pressure etc. The status of counseling was studied, whether or not provided with regards to ideal weight gain, dietary advice, balanced diet, iron supplementation, which foods to take more or what to avoid, particularly the time taken for antenatal examination and physical examination and we found that 39.3 % females were overweight . We conclude that counseling is a critical component of the management of women during pregnancy. In this study, we found that, it is not being carried adequately. The healthy and safe outcome of the pregnancy is highly dependent on the nutrition of the mother. The service of a dietitian or nutritionist may be made mandatory in the care of pregnant women.

In this study, cocoa beans were subjected to hot air drying in a tunnel dryer at 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80 and 85oC. The proximate, chemical and physical attributes of the samples were investigated. The results show that higher temperature of drying conferred higher drying rate on the samples; proximate, chemical and physical analyses were inversely related in most cases. The drying process employed would help in the preservation of the nutrients of the cocoa products.

Screening and rehabilitation of attention disorders is a really encouraging field for clinical practice and research because of their effect on cognitive functions. Therefore, they can affect the language productions and cause significant educational, professional, social or familial difficulties. In this context, this study aims at screening for disorders of attention and unilateral spatial neglect in a sample of Moroccan junior high school students at El Moukaouama junior high school, M'rirt (Middle Atlas , Morocco). On a sample of 136 students aged between 11 and 19 years, a measure of attention was performed using the bells test. Scores obtained in the test in this study show that 21.32 % of students have attention problems and 5.88% have a profile of right or left unilateral spatial neglect. This study also shows a strong correlation between the students' school performance and their scores on the bells test. This study invites all interveners in the field of education, health and others to intervene to address the problems of attention in order to increase school achievement.

Spray pyrolysis technique has been used to deposit Fluorine doped Tin Oxide (FTO) thin films. Optical constants such as refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (K) and the absorption coefficient () of the FTO thin films were determined using spectrophotometric measurement of transmittance, absorbance and reflectance in the spectral range from 172 to 1100nm. The maximum value of transmittance was in the range of 77% to 86%. Furthermore, the effect of annealing temperature and the annealing condition on optical band gap (Eg) was studied. The optical band gap was found to be within the range of 3.50 to 4.0 eV.

The experiment was conducted to study the drying behavior of ginger using mechanical drier and osmotic dehydration and development of dehydrated ginger products. Three different thicknesses (3, 5 and 7mm slice) and three different temperatures (52oC, 60oC and 68oC) were used in this study for ginger drying. The study revealed that 3mm thick slice required the least time to dry, followed by 5mm thick slice, while the highest drying time was for 7mm thick slice. It was also noticeable that for reaching to a specific moisture ratio, 68oC temperature took least time to dry, followed by 60oC, while highest was required at 52oC. The influence of air temperature (db) on drying rate constant and diffusion coefficient showed Arrhenius type relationship between diffusion coefficient and absolute temperature. The activation energy for diffusion of water from ginger was found 15.868 Kcal/g-mole. The influence of sample thickness on drying time showed a power law relationship. The value of exponent of power law equation is 0.5315 which indicated the presence of significant amount of external mass transfer resistance. The rate of extent of weight loss , moisture content, solid gained and normalised solid content (NSC) were strongly influenced by strength of osmotic solution, immersion time and were rapid during the first 6 hrs of osmotic dehydration.

The present paper examines the existence or not of long run relationship between bank-specific and macroeconomic variables and savings in Moroccan banks using cointegration approach and aims to identify the determinants of Moroccan banks' savings. We first use Augmented Dickey Fuller (DICKEY and FULLER, 1979) test and PHILLIPS-PERON (PP) unit root test to test the stationary. As all the variables are integrated of the order 1, we apply JOHANSEN JUSELIUS cointegration test to test the cointagration and to evaluate the existence of long-run relationship between the variables. The presence of cointegration between deposits and others variables provide evidence that these variables share a long-run relationship. Therefore, it concludes that there is a long run equilibrium governing the relationship among the variables.

Early weaning practices are one of the most important causes of malnutrition of children which ultimately increase the chance of infant morbidity and mortality. The present study was carried out to develop cereal based supplementary food from indigenous raw materials for young children and to evaluate nutritional quality. The formulated baby food was produced from soy flour and wheat flour and was analyzed for their chemical, functional, microbiological and sensory qualities using standard methods. Moisture, Ash, Protein, Fat and Crude Fiber content was found 2.78%, 1.88%, 11.91%, 8.61% and 0.58% respectively, which was able to meet the young children's recommended daily allowances. The values of functional properties such as water absorption capacity 156.35%, bulk density 0.50%, solubility 47.913%, swelling power 12.16% and viscosity 34.4% were found. The microbial analysis was done to see the acceptability of the product and the result was good from the microbiological point of view. The main metal content of the formulated baby food such as sodium, potassium, iron, magnesium, zinc and calcium were 224.4, 280, 8.0, 5.1 and 453.4 (mg/100g) respectively and Vitamin A was found 200

Lack of adequate anthropological data on indigenous Nigerians as compared to Caucasian and mongoloids has opened the need to obtain such data for a section of the Nigerian population. Dermatoglyphic study of whorls, loops and arches were made on three hundred (300) subjects, consisting of 150 males and 150 females that were randomly selected from the kanuri ethnic group in the North-eastern region of Nigeria. The result obtained showed that Arch frequency was 7.07%, Whorls was 33.80% and Loops was 59.10%. The Pattern Intensity Index showed a slightly higher value in males (12.85) than in females (12.49). Ridge counting was also done for each finger, males showed higher ridge count (122.64) than females (115.45) and the right digit was found to have a higher ridge count than the left digits except for digits II,III and V in males. Dankmeijer's indices for Kanuris were lower in males (19.99) than in females (21.92), while the Furuhata'sindices were higher in males (62.44) than in females (52.28). The results showed a similar pattern with other results obtained in the South-west and Eastern part of Nigeria.

An investigation on the adoption and the integration of domestic planning methods has been led of February to July 2014 to Miti, Bugorhe and Irhambi-Katana, three of 8 Groupings of the part Kabare North, in view to determine reasons and consequences bound to the resistance of the peasant of this entity to adopt methods of domestic planning. We resorted to the functional method pushed by techniques notably the interview and the questionnaire of investigation. 419 people have been investigated in these three Groupings. Of data gotten after investigation, he/it comes out again that the peasant's resistance to adopt the practice of the domestic planning is especially conditioned by various reasons the customary value respect and some beliefs dictations by churches to adepts. It dragged several consequences that justify himself a lot more by the state of farming household poverty driving to a malnutrition and the flight of parent responsibility towards their children often giving back them of the social deviants.

The System of Environmental Management is set up in the company according to the directives of the standard ISO 14001 for the control of the environmental impacts linked to its activity and also the respect for the regulations and laws in vigours. ISO 14001 is based on the environmental principle of continuous improvement of the performance of the company. So installed, the environmental politics of the company allows directly the respect for three pillars of durable development.
The present research with the Cosumar Sidi Bennour company demonstrates that the establishment of EMS according to ISO 14001 allows respect for the environment, the economic earning that allows a social emergence and thus an positive impact on the durable development of the region.