In this work, a bibliographic review on neurocomputing and the role it plays in pattern recognition has been carried out, the algorithms proposed by different authors have been studied and a report has been made of the most relevant works that apply the technique of pattern recognition. This study has been carried out due to the importance that the use of neurocomputing currently has for information processing in some areas such as sensor processing, data analysis and analysis of control aspects and in general where there is no algorithm that provides a solution. The methodology used allowed identifying, evaluating and analyzing various related studies to later apply a systematic categorization model and obtain the characteristics with their respective descriptions. In this way many algorithms that seek to solve the pattern recognition problem are based in computing models that imitate the way the human brain work focused on high-level cognitive functions such as neural networks characterized by their ability to generalize the information that implies learning processes or architectures under deep learning, however the trend that advances significantly involves the extraction of characteristics in the recognition of emotions.

This research aims to identify a series of possible obstacles to the entrepreneurship of young Congolese graduates from their entrepreneurial paths. For this type of study, it was necessary to seek information from the subjects concerned by the in-depth interview method. Thus, we have chosen to use the qualitative method and to conduct semi-structured interviews with thirteen young graduates with varied entrepreneurial backgrounds, in order to understand the series of obstacles when setting up their businesses. The results show that the path to entrepreneurship for young Congolese graduates is strewn with obstacles. They face a series of obstacles (individual, environmental and project-related) before starting a business, giving up or getting stuck in their creative projects. Their entrepreneurial journeys are marked by an accumulation of obstacles (from 4 to 9 types of obstacles cited in this study). The nature of these obstacles differs according to the individual, the environment and the entrepreneurial projects. However, certain obstacles, such as: the lack of financial capital, the difficult access to financing, to credit and the lack of professional experience, are specific to this category of entrepreneurs, namely young graduates. The originality of this study is based on the field analyzed, namely the developing countries, specifically the Democratic Republic of the Congo, a country less studied on the entrepreneurial level, and on its operational aim the development of entrepreneurship and the realization of entrepreneurial projects of young Congolese graduates.

Education continues to change along with the times and technological sophistication. Digital learning is a learning activity that utilizes the internet network as a medium for conveying information in digital form. This is the right strategy to use at the time of the Covid-19 epidemic considering that the government has launched a health protocol that requires physical and social distancing. Learning in networks (online) ultimately forces lecturers to adapt to a teaching style that is suitable for online learning. This style of teaching for some professors in delivering learning via online become another problem as an obstacle in providing character education. The introduction of student prosocial abilities and religiosity is one of the important aspects of online learning. There are many aspects that require lecturers to adapt so that religiosity and prosocial behavior can still be taught to students even though learning is carried out virtually. However, to ensure success in internalizing religiosity and prosocial behavior towards students, it is necessary to know in advance how much influence digital learning has in changing student behavior. In addition, it is also necessary to study more deeply about the right teaching style with digital learning so that student morale remains religious and has prosocial behavior. This study proposes quantitative as a research approach using the test subjects of IAIN Tulungagung students. The results showed that (1) there was a positive influence on the e-learning variable and teaching style on the prosocial behavior of the students of IAIN Tulungagung with a value (sig. 0.000); (2) there is a positive influence on the e-learning variable and teaching style on the religiosity of IAIN Tulungagung students with a value (sig. 0.000).

Financial Inclusion has recognized as a new exemplar in reducing poverty and accelerating economic growth in the developing countries like Bangladesh. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship as well as the impact of financial inclusion on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Bangladesh economy. Secondary data of twenty years from the banking industry of Bangladesh has been employed and empirical data was analyzed using multiple regression model. Findings of the study indicated that bank branches and active mobile money accounts which are used in this study as the proxies of financial inclusion have a positive and statistically significant relationship with GDP, whereas the other proxy variable advance-deposit ratio has a positive but statistically insignificant relationship with GDP. The results of this research will be helpful for the mobile Banking service providers, banks, central bank, policy makers, regulators, Government, industry players and development agencies in formulating policies and taking necessary steps for the sustainable development of financial inclusion and economy at large.

People with disabilities are vulnerable and need humanitarian assistance for their social inclusion. This facilitates their effective empowerment as actors in their own development, interacting with their living environment. In this way, they make use of their spontaneous/natural resilience to take ownership of any process that can strengthen their capacity for action.However, if, on the one hand, they are the hub of the success of the programs carried out in their favor, external contributions, as factors of induced/assisted resilience and reinforcement mentors, are indispensable to stabilize their empowerment. Programs of assistance, with a view to strengthening their capacity for action and choice, are implemented. They continue, unfortunately, to vegetate in dependency and to convey a culture of chronic poverty. Hence a questioning of the kind of humanitarian assistance policy that has been put in place.Through an inductive approach that has combined field data with that of the bibliography, it emerges that humanitarian assistance remains at the level of survival. The results of the various programmes implemented are mixed. People with disabilities evolve in a vicious circle of non-emancipatory and complicit compassionate assistance.To get out of this, a model of meso-centric policy is presented as an alternative, to help rehabilitation actors to set up better adapted support policies.

The decision of pregnancy for a woman with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) requires considering the consequences of RA on conception and course of pregnancy but also on pregnancy on the course of RA. Fertility is not decreased in RA, however, fertility is lower in RA. Complications of pregnancy such as hypertension, preeclampsia or caesarean scar are more frequent in RA, although there is an increase that is fortunately unimportant. Pregnancy represents for two thirds of women with RA a period of calm with sometimes capricious course of the disease, despite the considerable reduction in the treatment. Several hormonal and immunological mechanisms explain this improvement.

The mining sector is often presented as a driver of economic growth. However, it has negative effects on flora and vegetation. This study aims to assess the structure and floristic diversity of the vegetation in the area of the SCB-Lafarge cement works of Onigbolo in the municipality of Pobè (southern Benin). The data were collected by means of floristic surveys carried out in 60 rectangular plots of 500 m2 including 30 in abandoned quarries and 30 in non-exploited areas. The vegetation of abandoned quarries has been distinguished into 2 plant formations and that of unexploited areas comprises 4 types of vegetation. A total of 304 species have been recorded, including 180 in quarries and 248 in non-exploited areas. The specific richness varies from one plant formation to another in the two zones. The average specific diversity (4.63 bits) of quarries is lower than that of non-exploited areas (5.62 bits). The density of the woody plants varies from 90 to 132 stems / ha in the quarries and from 160 to 268 stems / ha in the non-exploited areas. The basal area is 2.80 m2 / ha in the quarries and varies from 5.40 to 17.16 m2 / ha in the non-exploited areas. The vegetation of abandoned quarries is floristically less diversified and less structured than that of unexploited areas. The exploitation of limestone therefore participates in the reduction of flora diversity and regressively affects the density and basal area of the woody stand.

In the search for plants that can fight against hypertension, we have initiated an ethnopharmacological survey on the markets of the city of Abidjan in Côte d’Ivoire. The markets of three districts in the city were visited for this purpose: Yopougon, Abobo and adjamé. In yopougon, we visited the Wassakara market. The central market and the Gouro market were respectively chosen for the communes of Abobo and Adjamé. This choice is justified by an impressive number of sellers of medicinal plants in these markets. The survey made it possible to interview 90 herbalists on the basis of a questionnaire sheet. These investigations revealed 21 species of plants used in traditional medicine, in the treatment of hypertension. The modes of administration of these herbal medicines are decocted to drink and pastes to purge. In comparison with the calculated citation frequencies, two plants are very frequent. They are: Nymphaea lotus (Fc = 9.01%) and Phyllantus amarus (Fc = 8.02%). These two plants are found in all the sellers of medicinal plants visited during our surveys. A phytochemical screening was performed to assess the scientific basis for the empirical use of these two most common plants. These tests revealed that these plants contain sterols, polyterpenes, polyphenols, flavonoids, saponosides and alkaloids with a strong presence of flavonoids and alkaloids in the species Nymphaea lotus. The hypotensive effect could be related to the strong presence of alkaloids and flavonoids. These two plants could be of interest scientific world in the fight against hypertension.

Understanding farmers soil fertility management practices allow to conduct efficiently agricultural development programs and appropriate researches. This study was conducted in western Burkina Faso, in the Hauts-Bassins and Boucle du Mouhoun regions. The objective is to determine agricultural production systems and farmers soil fertility management practices on corn farms. The analysis of diversity was carried out by surveys in the form of individual interviews administrated to 100 maize productors. Ultimately, depending on production systems, farming practices and geographic position, three types of maize farms have been identified: scrubland fields which represent 81% of maize farms and which have the lowest yields (1784 ± 640 kg / ha); the village fields representing 12% with a yield of 2250 ± 899 kg / ha and finally the shebang fields representing 7% with a yield of 2529 ± 787 kg / ha. Among the cultural operations, plowing and weeding are carried out by harnessing. Regarding organic fertilization, 43.7% of farmers use compost made from various domestic substrates. The fertilization regimes in the scrubland fields, village fields and shebang fields were respectively 12, 6 and 4. The fertilization regime of 150 kg / ha of NPK + 50 kg / ha of urea corresponding to the dose recommended on cotton is the most common. The high number of fertilization regimes negatively influenced the yields in the bush fields. Thus, the yield by type of field was strongly correlated with farmers organo-mineral fertilization practices (r> 0.60). The intakes of the doses of NPK are fractionated unlike those of urea. The main source of fertilizer supply for farmers (67.8%) is cooperative credit.

Since the sixties, debates have been born on the models, which determine the evolution of the stock prices. In this work we will focus on one of the best performances in the region of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), is Africa's third largest Bourse: Casablanca Stock Exchange (CSE), which had the “Index de la Bourse des Valeurs de Casablanca” (IGB) as an index. IGB was replaced in January 2002 by two indexes: MASI (Moroccan All Shares Index) comprises all listed shares, allows investors to follow all listed values and to have a long-term visibility. MADEX (Moroccan Most Active Shares Index) comprises most active shares listed continuously with variations closely linked to all the market serves as a reference for the listing of all funds invested in shares.Firstly, it aims at the investigation of stochastic model to show the variation of MASI index values, and, secondly, we will achieve a prediction interval of 95% of chance for Moroccan index future values. Here, the geometric Brownian motion (stochastic process without mean reversion propriety) is used to model the stochastic variation of MASI index values. In order to calculate models’ parameters daily close values of the Moroccan index from 02/01/2003 to 05/11/2019 can be taken from Casablanca Stock Exchange and, hence, stochastic models for MASI index variation is to be derived.

Description of the subject: In Benin, honey production is a means of biodiversity conservation and a significant potential source of cash income for the rural people. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify melliferous plants and the nutrients they provide to bees. Method: This study was carried out in the North-West zone of Benin, in the municipal forest of Cobly, in the forest reserve of the hills of Kouandé and in the hunting zone of the Pendjari Park (Tanguiéta). Data collections were conducted from April 2015 to March 2016 using monthly phenological and apiculture releve. Melliferous plants inventories were carried out in a 1 km radius observation area around each apiary made up of 10 Kenyan hives, all colonized by Apis mellifera adansonii on each of the three sites. Results: The total inventoried melliferous flora amounts to 174 species, of which 79 are in the apiary of Cobly, 86 in the apiary of Kouandé and 96 in the apiary of the hunting zone of the Pendjari (Tanguiéta). Leguminosae constitue the most rich family in melliferous species at the three sites. Conclusions: This work allowed to identify 13 species with a high melliferous value, of which Parkia biglobosa and Vitellaria paradoxa represent apiarian plants with high interest in beekeeping in the North-West zone of Benin.

In the daily life of people with a motor disability, their support depends on certain parameters that society looks at. Promoting their integration and capabilities also means facilitating access to basic services and taking a critical look at the social and environmental factors that influence their emancipation. This makes it possible to transcend the stereotypical image that other members of the community have of them and to strengthen the tools for self-empowerment available to them.In keeping with the United Nations motto «full participation and equality», PSHMs should no longer play a passive role. They are actors on an equal footing with other members of society. And in addition to strengthening their skills through various social mechanisms that have been put in place, they capitalize on the opportunities that are offered to them, in order to guide their choices with regard to the kind of life they consider fulfilling.These opportunities appear first and foremost as factors on which the process of their empowerment is based. Secondly, they provide them with mentors who support and strengthen their access to further fulfilment.This reflection aims, on the one hand, to circumscribe the factors of empowerment in the process of inclusion of PSHMs in the province of North Kivu, and on the other hand, to highlight the different tutors that strengthen their capacities.The approach adopted focused on data collection, using a triangulation method, combining the questionnaire, interviews and opinion polls of members of families in which PSHMs live, but also of rehabilitation care providers. The study used snowball sampling, both in the different neighbourhoods where they live and in the institutions where PSHMs are cared for.

This article deals specifically with the limitations of the performance of poverty reduction strategies, due to the ways of doing things and taking responsibility by the various stakeholders who interact in this process, including the public authorities (the Congolese State), NGDOs, technical and financial partners (TFPs), households benefiting from poverty reduction projects and their local leaders. It is the empirical method and the documentary analysis that were used with the support of direct, ordinary and participatory observations. A questionnaire survey was operationalized through individual interviews and qualified informants. The sample (simple stratified but proportional and representative) included heads of development structures (384) and heads of beneficiary households (at least 633), i.e. a total of 1020 subjects at most. In reality, the public authority (State) is less on the side of the NGDOs, leaving them to do as they wish and with no control, or without quality control, when there is any. It does not often ask for accounts on what is being done on the ground and does not follow it. Many NGDOs do not manage the resources made available to them with rigour and sensitivity, with the result that many NGDOs often miss their pre-defined development objectives, with the consequence that the living conditions of their beneficiaries do not improve. The TFPs do not assume all their responsibilities with regard to the financial and technical support they provide (audit and accountability requirements, partnership with public technical services to facilitate joint technical supervision when possible, etc.). There is also a kind of guilty silence on the part of beneficiary households and their local leaders on what is being done, irresponsible participation and sometimes even bad complicity with certain technical facilitators mandated by these NGDOs in the field. An intelligent integration of the two appropriate « upstream » and « downstream » perspectives would help to improve the performance of poverty reduction strategies in South Kivu/DR Congo.

This study aimed to unravel the effect of active learning on developing creative thinking skills and academic performance or achievement from the perspective of a Life and Earth Sciences’ teacher. However, in her study, the research student took a quantitative analysis approach where the field research results showed and proved the existence of overlapping, and complex factors and variables that helped clarify the hindering struggles that Life and Earth Sciences’ teachers face in adopting the active-learning method which may explain the understanding issues that the students face, as well as the academic performance problems that get in their ways. The data obtained from this research may help in monitoring the main causes and factors that greatly contribute to pushing Life and Earth Sciences’ teachers to adopt a traditional-learning strategy which is based on passive teaching away from involving students in the process of building their knowledge. Through the obtained data from a survey that was conducted with the teachers that teach Life and Earth Sciences, we reached the following conclusions: - The poor training of Life and Earth Sciences’ teachers in active learning strategies, overcrowding of classrooms, absence of pedagogical means, and the commitment of the curriculum by itself are all factors given by teachers that explain why they don’t resort to using active-learning methods.- According to the teachers that are part of the research sample, they don’t see active-learning strategies have an effect in academic performance or achievement, because the traditional-learning strategy has been resulting in the making of brilliant students.- The lack of awareness of creative thinking skills when it comes to Life and Earth Sciences’ teachers came to light.

Subcapsular hematoma of the liver (HSCF) is a rare complication of pregnancy with high maternal-fetal mortality. This therefore requires rapid diagnosis and appropriate multidisciplinary management to watch out for serious complications and prevent death.We report four cases of subcapsular hematoma of the liver collected at the ELHAROUCHI maternity ward, including 2 occurring in prepartum and 2 in postpartum. Three of our patients had a favorable outcome against maternal death.