The Rainfall-related phenomena affect the hydroelectric dams functioning and productivity. In Côte d'Ivoire the trans boundary Bia River basin, hydroelectric amenagements of Ayamé 1 and 2, is no exception. Flooding has caused extensive damage in recent years to these two (2) amenagements. However, the rains nature that caused these events is statistically unknown. This study objective is to identify the rainfall events nature in the Bia basin. The statistical modelling approach has been adopted. The daily rainfall from 1941 to 2000 and rainfall higher threshold than 100 mm from 2001 to 2015 available at the Aboisso, Adiaké, Bianouan, Ayamé and Agnibilékro stations has been used.The results show that the minimum threshold for abnormal rainfall in the Bia basin is 103 mm. The rains nature identification between 2001 and 2015 reveals, eight (08) rainfall events with an occurrence probability greater than 6 years are observed. These events are consisted of four (4) abnormal rains, three (03) very abnormal rains and one (1) exceptional rainfall observed during the years 2004, 2007, 2009 and 2015.

The aim of the present paper is to offer a generic historical overview of the nascence of translation studies as an institutionalized and a full fledged discipline. The study underscores the rudimentary approaches and concepts to translation that have come to the fore at various points in time of the western culture, starting from the work of Roman commentators (Cicero and Horace more specifically) through the second half of the twentieth century when translation studies presented itself as a new discipline. It is, without argument, James Holmes’ famous and widely cited paper, in which he delineated the scope and structure of the field of translation studies, that served as a valid reference for translation scholars to formulate translation theories, gave rise to empirical research and envisaged the future of the discipline. Establishing itself as a standalone field of scholarly study, Translation studies has been observed to gradually expand and interface with different disciplines bringing a new perspective to translation theory.

The people living along the Lobo catchment area in Nibéhibé are experiencing difficulties in supplying drinking water due to the impacts of climate variability and the anthropic pressures on the surface water used. The objective of this study is to characterise the groundwater-river interactions based on the major fracturing and the hydrographic network. The hydrographic network and the major fracturing map were used as data for the different treatments. Also, the hierarchy of the hydrographic network using the Strahler method highlighted the rivers of order 1 to 5. Frequency curves of the number of drains and cumulative lengths according to Strahler's orders were constructed and then interpreted using the «law of rivers» to detect drains with a structural origin. The distribution of drains in the river system follows the exponential law with a good correlation coefficient (R² =0.97). Moreover, the coupling of the map of watercourses of structural origin and the map of major fractures has made it possible to highlight potential areas of groundwater-river exchange. These zones represent the intersection of permanent watercourses and areas of very high fracture density.

This paper focuses on the presentation of the challenges of the job analysis process within an organizational structure. This is to show that the job analysis also allows this organizational structure to rationally collect information on the responsibilities of their job holders, the tasks and activities that he must perform in order to fulfill his responsibilities. In other words, a job description is necessary, in order to recruit effectively or to assess the performance of an employee. As part of a research-action approach, we carried out an analysis of the positions within this company, and we will present the job analysis of the computer system manager position and the analysis of this case study, in order to verify our working hypotheses.

Cassava is the main food crop grown in all provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Increasing its productivity therefore comes up against multiple constraints, including diseases, in particular the endemic form of the mosaic, which occupies a prominent place. Small farmers who are the main producers remain much attached to local varieties although research regularly develops and disseminates improved varieties resistant to the African cassava mosaic. The objective of the study we conducted was, on the one hand, to assess the real yields of the resistant varieties disseminated and of the most widely cultivated local variety and, on the other hand, to determine the rate of loss of production of the variety. Local compared to varieties improved in distribution. The trial, set up with the active participation of the peasantry, included 4 repetitions in 4 different sites, near the peasants' fields. Four treatments consist of 4 varieties including 3 improved and 1 local. Cuttings taken from plants without disease symptoms are planted at 1mx1m spacing’s and harvesting took place 12 months after planting. The recovery was observed 1 month after planting, while data on diseases and pests are taken from the third month of planting until harvest at 3-month intervals. The results obtained show that the severity and incidence of the mosaic were higher on the local variety than on the improved varieties, one of which was shown to be somewhat susceptible to the disease. The loss of production of the local variety is estimated at plus or minus 50% compared to the average yield of the improved varieties.

The misuse of mineral fertilizers is cause of the low production of cotton crops in Côte d’Ivoire. Thus, the adequate application of the mineral manure is necessary to boost the growth and vegetative developement of cotton plants. The present study carried out in Mankono in the Center north of the Côte d’Ivoire falls within this framework. The objective is to determine the optimal method of application of mineral fertilizers. The treatments consisted of different methods of applying mineral fertilizers to the cotton plant: T1 (0 kg/ha of NPKSB and urea), T2 (100 kg/ha of NPKSB and 30 kg/ha of urea respecttively applied at 29 and 57 days after sowing without burial) and T3 (200 kg/ha of NPKSB and 50 kg/ha of urea respecttively applied at 15 and 45 days after sowing with closed pocket). In a Fisher block device dispersed in six repetitions, the height of cotton plants 45 and 60 days after sowing, the number of fruiting branches and flower buds per plant 65 days after sowing weree the parameters measured. The results revealed that the T3 treatment allows to obtain the best parameters of growth and vegetative development of the cotton plant. However between T2 and T3 treatment there was no significant difference for all the variables measured except for the number of fruiting branches per plant. The recommended method of application of mineral manure (T3) will make it possible to compensate for the production deficit in cotton cultivation.

This research aims at making available the nutritional dietetic information about edible mashrooms. It shows the results of the study carried out for the chemical description of ten species of mashroom gathered in the forest Miombo in the province of Haut-Katanga and sold on the market of Lubumbashi. The results from this analysis show that these mashroom have higher nutritional dietetic potential: - Very rich in minerals with potassium at the top; - Proteins vary from 12 to 42 g to 100g of dry sample; - The K/Na ratio is by far higher than 1 and very low in lipids. And it would be better to the associated with other foods to make and diversify the menus indispensable to the needs of life and human health.

This paper analyses the implementation and calibration of the Heston Stochastic Volatility Model. We first introduce the model, provides theoretical motivation for its robustness and hence popularity and explain how characteristic functions can be used to estimate option prices. Then we consider the implementation of the Heston model, showing that relatively simple solutions can lead to fast and accurate currency option prices. In this work, we perform several tests, using both local and global calibration to evaluate the Predictive Accuracy of the Heston Stochastic Volatility Model for currency options.Our analyses show that straightforward setups deliver excellent calibration results. All calculations are carried out in MATLAB and included in the paper. All the MATLAB’s codes required to implement the model are provided in the appendix A.

The objective of our research work is to shed light on the way in which the managers of Moroccan SMEs use management control systems and this in the context of controlling the internationalization of their activities. In the literature, the management control system is defined as the evolving formal and informal mechanisms, processes, systems and networks used by organizations to convey key management objectives, to support the strategic process and to ensure continuous management through analysis, planning, measurement, control, reward and support of organizational learning and change. In order to study the contingency of MCS and the internationalization of Moroccan SMEs, we decided to explore the different uses of MCS adopted by leaders of internationalized SMEs as a function of international experience as well as remoteness of operations. To do so, we used Simons' 1995 framework of levers of control, which is a useful analytical tool for exploring the different uses of the MCS. Based on the results of a quantitative study by questionnaire administered to a sample of 100 internationalized Moroccan SMEs, we analyze the types of MCS uses adopted by these firms in order to steer and control the development of their activities internationally. We explore through the results that the diagnostic and interactive uses of the MCS can be explained by the change of the explanatory variables which are the degree of internationalization and the international experience. Indeed, interactive use of the MCS is deployed by managers who do not have a great deal of international experience and who manage SMEs with a high degree of internationalization. As for the diagnostic use of the MCS, it is adopted by SME managers who have extensive international experience and who manage SMEs with a low degree of internationalization.We then show that the use of the MCS depends on contingency factors related to internationalization.

The delocalized medical biology examinations are carried out outside the laboratory near the patient by staff outside the laboratory, which saves time in obtaining the results. These examinations are subject to the same regulations as examinations carried out in a medical biology laboratory and are the responsibility of medical biologists who retain responsibility for validating the results obtained.This development of the implantation of analytical devices of medical biology in the care units (outside the laboratory of the hospital) can be justified by several factors: medical emergencies, organizational constraints, the distance from the laboratory....In this work we tried to analyze the state of affairs of delocalized biology and to reveal the problems of delocalized biology of our ibn Rochd hospital center in Casablanca.

The Covid-19 outbreak is a global pandemic officially declared on March 12, 2020, with more than two million deaths. To assess the role of Procalcitonin as a biomarker of the specific inflammatory response and C-Réactive Protein as a stable and early biomarker of acute inflammation in pathogenesis and disease severity, we conducted a prospective descriptive study in the biochemistry laboratory of the Ibn Rochd University Of Casablanca Morocco in Covid-19 positive patients hospitalized in resuscitation. These biomarkers were abnormally increased in most of these patients. All of the patients who died had a positive admission CRP that would support a positive correlation between the increase in CRP and the severity of infection, without any correlation between CRP values in our study population with age or sex. The follow-up of the PRC could reflect its severity and should be used as a key monitoring indicator for Covid-19. PCT values at admission can predict the progression to a severe form of the disease. However, its synthesis is inhibited by interferon (INF) -γ, whose concentration increases during Coronavirus-2 infection.

This study is an empirical test of an adaptation of the DeLone and McLean Information System (SI) success model in the context of human resource management in a Moroccan public administration. The model has 6 dimensions: quality of information, quality of system, quality of service, use, user satisfaction and perceived net benefit. The auxiliary condition demonstrating strategies were connected to the information collected from a survey, given over to 120 officials of a large Moroccan ministry. The hypothetical relationships between the six success variables are largely confirmed by the data. The results obtained have several important implications on the topic of human resources research and practices too. This article concludes by talking about the impediments of the research, which ought to be tended to in future investigate.

This study carried out on the Marahoué (Bandama) watershed at the Bouaflé hydrometric station (Côte d'Ivoire) aims to characterize climate variability and its impact on the variations and availability of water resources in the watershed of the Marahoué (Bandama) in Ivory Coast. This characterization was based on the use of rainfall, thermometric and hydrometric (flow) data collected over the period 1961-2017. Thus, several methods were used (standard index of normalization, Lang method and Maillet's law). There is a decrease in precipitation and flow, however the temperature is rising. A low storage capacity of soil reservoirs in the Marahoué watershed (Bandama) has been demonstrated. Thus, low groundwater reserves were evaluated characterized by a low average drying off coefficient of 3,4.10-2 j-1, a short drying period of nearly a month and a low volume of water mobilized by the aquifers of 0.92 Km3.

The aim of this study is to analyze the dynamics of seasonal climatic regimes in a context of changing climate with a view to redefining homogeneous climatic zoning in Ivory Coast. The methodology is based on the combination of climatic indices designed from rainfall and temperature (Gaussen index and De Martonne index). The results obtained made it possible to identify six (6) homogeneous climatic zones in Ivory Coast. A diachronic analysis from two thirty-year periods (1941-1970 and 1971-2000) showed that the climate changes observed in West Africa in general and in Ivory Coast in particular, had the consequences of modifying the seasonal climatic regimes conditions in general throughout the territory. However, the Ivorian coast was less affected by the phenomenon. The results obtained can serve as a basis for forecasting drought in Ivory Coast.

The objective of this study is to model the maximum monthly average annual flows (QMXA) in order to define a flood warning system in the catchment area of the Marahoué (Bandama) (Bouaflé hydrometric station). The methodology used is based on frequency analysis of QMXA (1961-2017) and also on the determination of flood thresholds to give early warnings. Standard laws were selected to conduct frequency analysis. It is clear from this study that the QMXA of the Marahoué have been better adjusted by the Gamma law, followed by the Weibull law finally comes the Log-normal law.The different flood thresholds were therefore assessed on the basis of the Gamma Law. It is the dalerte threshold (802 m3/s), the tolerance threshold (721.8 m3/s) and the crisis threshold (882.2 m3/s). These different thresholds constitute a dalerte system of floods from the Maraboué to Bouaflé.