Untold unemployment has evolved in Congolese urban areas. Basically, there are movements that take place between the countryside and the urban centers, the mass dismissals of workers in the private sector and the closure of a few companies. The objective of this study is three-fold, namely to identify the causes related to the proliferation, the resilience and multiplicity of "Zandu ya Bitula" markets in Kisangani; to determine the advantages and disadvantages of these markets; and, finally, to identify the categories of the Kisangani population who frequent these night markets. After data analysis, the results showed that the unemployed population as well as state civil servants are those frequenting the "Zandu ya Bitula" markets. The factors underlying the emergence of these markets are numerous, notably the maximization of revenue, time saving, selling foods at all cost because of lack of means of conservation, avoiding to pay taxes, lack of spare time, supply for the following day as well as the possibility of selling foods that are out of legal control. Disadvantages of these markets are: risk of theft, purchase of stolen goods, risk of diseases and multiple harassments.

This article is dedicated to the retrospective analysis of the mechanisms for drawing up public policy on wood resources, particularly for the artisanal exploitation of timber, from 2006 to 2016 in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In the light of the results obtained, during 11 years, 73% of the regulatory acts were taken against 18% of the political acts and 9% representing a legal act. This equates on average to 1 act per year. In short, as constructed, all these acts have been taken most spontaneously or following complex political agendas labeled as "opportunistic." Therefore, they weakly shape sustainable development from the established sector in study.

This article aims to understand the different relational configurations forming the backdrop of the artisanal timber sector in the Tshopo region in the Democratic Republic of Congo and their implications for sustainable local development. Thus, in terms of three types of relationships noted, namely coalitions, negotiations and conflicts, it is shown that this sector is dominated by weak links whose social capital is generally held by artisanal miners, modeled by the weak public policy. As a result, local development suffers as the rules of the game are much more strategic than impersonal.