Low birth weight is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a birth weight strictly less than 2500g, regardless of the term of the pregnancy. It constitutes a major public health problem, in both developed and developing countries, by virtue of its magnitude and its strong association with infant morbidity and mortality.Our cross-sectional descriptive study analyzes the characteristics of mothers and their newborns. The target of this study consisted of all newborn babies living during the period from January to December 2019, of single fetal pregnancy.At the end of our study, we reported 242 newborns with low birth weight out of 1998 live births, ie 12.1% grouped together in low weight; very low weight and extremely very low weight.During our study, we noted that parturients who had not reached the 4 CPN were approximately 7 times more likely to have birth weights ˂1500g and this difference was statistically significant. OR = 7.60 (95% CI 1.01-57.31) Chi2 = 4.1 p = 0.04.On the socio-demographic level, 31.8% of parturients came from the Municipality of Kampemba; 83.1% were married; 37.2% were primiparous; 55.37% of NNEs were Female; Malaria predominated at 38.4% followed by urinary tract infections 17.4%; HIV infection: 1.7%.This work could help health care workers at all levels of the system to better understand the problems of low birth weight and to do more for the health of mothers and children.