The seed germination test is generally used to assess the seeds germination quality. The objective of this study was to determine the germination kinetics as well as the diversity of pepper accessions (Capsicum annuum L.) from the Diffa, region of Niger according to the germination potential. These accessions were collected in 5 Departments of the Diffa region in 2020 and 2022. Thus, the emergence of the seedlings was carried out in vitro according to a device in complete randomized blocks with three (3) repetitions. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant difference between the accessions, for all the parameters analyzed (P˂0.000). The average germination rate which varied from 7.33% for N’guigmi (Ng-047) to 100% for Bosso accessions. Strong correlations were observed between germination rate and germination rate (0.63). The ascending hierarchical classification (HAC) and the principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a structuring of the accessions into 3 main distinct groups. The G1 group composed of 27 accessions is characterized by a long germination time and a germination time of 50% and by a high germination rate. Group G2 is made up of 10 accessions with a long latency time and 50% germination time. As for the G3 group, it is also made up of 10 accessions with a high germination time and latency time. This study will allow breeders to have a biological base material for further research.

Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea [L.] Verdc.), a crop of the new millennium, is considered one of the main legumes of the tropics, because of it versatile advantages. The main objective of this study is to estimate the variation of local Bambara groundnut accessions by taking into account their 21 quantitative characters, in order to find the best genotype adapted to Niger. The study was carried out according to a completely randomized Fisher block device with four repetitions. Twenty-one (21) characters including four (4) phenological, five (5) morphological and twelve (12) related to yield were evaluated to characterize the accessions. With the 21 characters of the accessions used, the variation of the genetic parameters was determined. The analysis of variance revealed significant variations for all the traits assessed (P≤0.01). The coefficients of variation vary from 0.57% to 32.11%. Six (6) of the twenty-one (21) parameters measured had high coefficients of variation (CV˃20%). Yield showed a strong positive correlation with parameters such as number of leaves (r=0.62), number of pods (r=0.68), number of petioles per plant (r=0.62), 100-seed weight (r=0.79), pod weight (r=0.97) and seed weight (r=0.97). The weight of seeds (GCV=23.40% and PCV=42.54%), the weight of 100 seeds (GCV=25.73% and PCV=25.75%) and the yield in Kg/ha (GCV= 23.40% and PCV=42.54%) revealed high phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation (˃20%). Maturity date (91.28%) and 100-seed weight (96.85%) were highly heritable. Genetic advance was high for 100-seed weight (52.96%), dry biomass weight (34.19%), seed width (20.55%), seed weight (26.52%) and the yield in Kg/ha (26.53%). The 100-seed weight (h2b=96.85% and GA=52.97%) had high broad-sense heritability and expected genetic gain. The constructed dendrogram showed three distinct groups of accessions. Group 1 is made up of promising accessions with the highest average seed weight per plant (13.24g), small plants (20±0.86 cm) and early plants (82±0.86 DAS). Group 2 includes late accessions (83±0.30 DAS) with average height (21±0.35 cm). Group 3 is composed of intermediate accessions for the maturity date (82±0.66 cm) with the highest seedlings (22±0.22 cm). Accessions Di-3 082 (899.73 kg/ha), Di 083 (857.89 kg/ha), Di 085 (566.53 kg/ha), Zi 087 (818.22 kg/ha), Zi 092 (584.27 kg /ha), Zi 094 (720.22kg/ha) and Zi 098 (616.00kg/ha) gave yields higher than the average total yield (560.20 kg/ha).

The Voandzou [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc], is generally cultivated in sub-Saharan Africa, where its production ranks third in seed legumes. The valorization of this crop is therefore one of the best alternatives to ensure the food security of the population in the face of declining production of food crops such as millet and sorghum in a country like Niger. Indeed, the control of the diversity of the voandzou will undoubtedly allow it to be taken into account in the varietal selection programs. The objective of this study is the agro-morphological characterization of thirty (30) accessions from the Nigerian Voandzou collection in the Sudanese agro-climatic zone. The data used are collected through an agronomic test set up on a Fisher device in complete random blocks, with three (3) repetitions. Sixteen (16) characters, including four phenological, six (6) morphological, and six (6) traits related to yield components were evaluated for characterization of accessions. The descriptive statistics analysis showed that the coefficients of variation ranged from 4.16% (maturity date) to 72.51% (shell weight). Significantly high values ​​ (CV> 20%) were observed for 12 characters out of 16 analyzed. Characterization revealed very highly significant differences between 11 parameters of the accessions studied. It was found that accessions Di-017, Ma-045, Ta-095 and Ta-096 are early (86 JAS) and give more pods per plant. The Zi-007 accession is the most efficient in performance components. Strong correlations were observed between the dates of the first flowering and that of fifty percent r = 0.840. Correlations of the same order were obtained between the diameter of the plants and the height r = 0.714 and between the weight of the pods and seeds r = 0.954. In order to specify the different groups Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Ascending Hierarchical Classification (AMP) were performed. The group G3 consists of 7 accessions, are late, more productive in biomass, give better yields, but fewer pods per plant. The G2 group consists of a single accession Zi-007, which is early, more productive in biomass, yield and gives more pods per plant. Then the group G1 consists of 22 accessions that are intermediate to those of the other two groups.

Bambara groundnut [Vigna Subterranea (L.) Verdc.], plays an important role in increasing the bioavailability of phosphorus even in ferrolsoils through its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen and gives an average yields ranging from 350 to 800 kg / ha in areas where soil is poor and rainfall is low. This ability to bind atmospheric nitrogen by legumes such as Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.)) is due to the presence of root nodules harboring colonies of Rhizobium, symbiotic bacteria. Indeed, it has been showed some diversity in the isolated nodules from the same legume and proved that, apart from the genetic difference, some strains are more efficient, more competitive than others. The objective of this study is to evaluate the diversity of the nodulating rhizobia of Bambara groundnut morphotypes of Niger. For that, the PCR / RFLP technique was used to identify the polymorphism between rhizobium strains isolated from the root nodules of three (3) morphotypes (Ne-01, Ne-09 and Ne-10) cultivated at two sites (Tara and Kollo) of two different agro-ecological areas. The analysis revealed a high diversity within populations of rhizobia nodulating of Vigna Subterranea L. A total of twenty five (25) types of IGS profiles were identified from the 68 samples analyzed with 4 dominant types (II, XI, XIV and XVI). In general, the same types of IGS for the same morphotype at both sites were observed. It also appeared that the growing area has an impact on rhizobia diversity. Thus, it has been shown that the genetic diversity of rhizobia populations is much higher in Tara (20/25 types identified) compared to Kollo (12/25 types). The distribution of rhizobia populations capable of nodulating the Vigna Subterranea L. was depended not only at the morphotype but also at the growing area.

Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea l.), third food legume in Africa, is the largest in terms of production and consumption after the peanut (Arachis hypogeae) and Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata walp.). The valorisation of this culture is one of the best alternatives to ensure the food security of populations faced with the decline in the production of food crops such as millet, sorghum or wheat. To achieve this goal, a better knowledge of the genetic diversity of this culture is more than necessary. Therefore, followed by exploration of accessions collection was made across the country. All the areas visited were geo referenced and a map has been prepared. In total one hundred and fifteen (115) Bambara groundnut accessions were collected within six (6) regions of Niger with fifty (50) locations visited throughout the different growing areas. Fourteen morphotypes numbered Ne-01 to Ne-14 were identified after the collection. Following carried out discussions, the yellow color Ne-01 morphotype is the most appreciated both by producers and consumers. It is also clear that this culture of Bambara groundnut is practiced on small areas by both women and men. The choice of the seedling period is the same as well among women than among men. The production is destined for self-consumption or for sale depending on the quantity harvested. Chemicals, ash, salt, natron, cans are commonly used for the seeds conservation. Several types of dishes are made based of Bambara groundnut. In addition, Bambara groundnut has therapeutic values in some farmer's areas.