The rise of the Chinese economy seems to be a great challenge to the regionalization of Japan in Asia. Despite the regional leadership race between Japan and China is in South and East Asia, the two economies are interdependent. China seems to intend to impose itself as an economic hegemon in the region. The rise of China over the last thirty years, since the beginning of the reform era in 1978, is certainly unusual in its magnitude and scale, bridging its gap through trade. The two countries are major economic partners with trade representing nearly $ 312 billion in 2013. But relations between the second economy (Communist China) and the third world economy (Japan) have deteriorated over the last two years. China and Japan maintain contradictory relations between economic interdependence and political tensions in the region of South-East Asia. These two states seek only one thing, to impose their leadership. The relationship between China, a multi-millennial civilization that has influenced the whole of the Far East, and the Japanese archipelago, which has received this cultural influence from the first Chief, has a history marked by incessant exchanges and rivalries. For decades, Japan was the undisputed first Asian power. Today, Japanese leadership is being questioned by China, which tends to take off and assert itself as a great regional and international power. The emergence of China over the past two decades has undoubtedly ranked it among the key players on the international scene. But this rise of the empire of the milieu in the contemporary world raises concerns: upsetting strategic balances, redefining economic rules, questioning the democratic system as the only system able of bringing prosperity, New military power.