Nowadays there is concern about pollution from oil exploitation, so that, cause severe pollution of water, air and soil poses a threat to the ecosystem and nearby towns. The Ecuadorian states alongside the state of France develop the Environmental monitoring program, Health, Social, and Petroleum in Ecuador (MONOIL). The main objective is to improve understanding and monitoring of the impacts of oil exploitation and environment in Ecuador, in terms of damage and vulnerabilities. The United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) store statistics and indicators on the impact of Environmental Pollution global information. The first stage of the project involves making MONOIL a database for the definition of scenarios of oil pollution in Ecuador as it currently lacks an integrated database, manually analyzing data separate from the websites of each organization. This project will integrate databases of WHO - ECLAC, and from standard parameterization, synchronize and automatically update and collecting historical and current information in the database MONOIL order to assess the economic and environmental impact of contamination at several sites in the Ecuadorian Amazon subsequently allowing sites to compare with unexploited oil.

In the stand-alone PV, the energy is generated only by the PV panels. Therefore, during the night or in periods with low solar radiation, it is essential to put a battery bank to store the captured energy to ensure power supply. To highlight the physical phenomena that govern the operation of the storage system, we proposed in this paper to study the battery modeling. This work is devoted to the modeling and simulation under the Matlab / Simulink environment of two electric battery models; Namely the CIEMAT model (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Mediomientales y Technologicas) and the simplified electric model PSpice. In order to verify the validity of these mathematical models, the results of the numerical simulation are compared with the experimental data of the solar Varta battery.

This research work made it possible to study waste deposits suitable for methanisation in the city of Tangier Biogas recovery offers two scenarios: the installation of a cogeneration plant and the production of electricity or the direct use of biogas. From a climatic point of view, electricity production is more favorable since the substitution of electricity generates a maximum reduction of CO2 equivalents. From a financial point of view, the direct valorization of biogas is more economical because it saves costs for a cogeneration plant. The energy recovery of waste is generally justified by the fight against global warming and the promotion of renewable energies.

Introduction: intracardiac thrombosis is a rare complication of antiphospholipid syndrome (SAPL), which can occur as an intracardiac tumor. His discovery usually precedes the diagnosis of SAPL. Observation: We report the case of a young Moroccan patient who underwent surgery after the discovery of a right intra-auricular tumor. It was an organized thrombus and in the aftermath we diagnosed an SAPL. The progression was favorable under anticoagulant in addition to corticosteroid therapy. Conclusion: The discovery of an intracardiac tumor in a young subject must evoke the diagnosis of cardiac thrombus and carry out an etiological investigation in search of an SAPL in particular.

Iourirne gold deposit is located in Tagragra of Akka inlier, 260 km to the southeast of Agadir, (Western Anti-Atlas). The gold mineralization occurs in quartz veins associated with shear zones occurring in East-West direction and cut across the Early forming process of Neoproterozoic formations. This study aims to characterize supergene alteration characterization of Iourirne gold mineralization, by macroscopic, microscopic observations, chemical analysis of major elements, analysis of the correlation matrix and analysis in Principal Components (PCA). The main results are as follows: - The mobility of a number of chemical elements such as Ti, Fe, P, Ca, Mg, Mn. - The development of Hematitization phenomenon of supergene origin. - The abundance of metallic minerals such as magnetite, hematite, covellite, malachite, azurite and sphalerite… - The oxidation of sulphides including arsenopyrite, pyrite, chalcopyrite…

In Mediterranean regions, especially around the arid and semi-arid areas, drought is a major abiotic factor that reduces yields in wheat. Identification of reliable criteria in screening for drought tolerance in wheat represents a significant challenge to plant breeders. This study was carried out at two locations (Béni Fouda and Ain Abessa) in Sétif, Algeria. The objectives were to study the performance of durum wheat genotypes (Triticum durum Desf.) in relation to yield and some agronomical traits and the evaluation of carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) as a selection criterion for drought tolerance. Analysis of variance revealed that grain yield and all measured parameters (excepted for number of spikes per m2 and thousand kernels weight) were significant (P < 0.01) affected under locations. Among genotypes, significant differences (P < 0.01) were observed for all traits, excepted for biomass. Under both locations (Béni Fouda and Ain Abessa) gain yield was positively and significantly correlated with earliness, number of spikes per m2, number of grain per m2, harvest index and Δ13C. The results suggested that the selection of early heading genotypes would give high grain yield under rain-fed conditions. Also, grain yield could be effectively increased by maximum genetic expression of number of spikes per m2, number of grains per m2 and harvest index. Strong correlations between grain yield and carbon isotope discrimination indicate that Δ13C can be used as indirect criterion in screening for drought tolerance in semi-arid conditions.

This work was carry out in west-central park of region of Côte d’Ivoire, precisely in Oumé. Trapping methods (first method with Malaise traps, pitfall traps and yellow traps), soil monoliths and Winkler bags (second method) were used to collect beetles. The combination of these methods allowed to collect 3820 individuals, with 2419 individuals for the first method and 1401 individuals for the second method. From specimen’s identification, the first method allowed to collect 30 families (epigeed beetles) and the second 32 families (hypogeous beetles). Ten and twelve exclusive families were identified for the first and second methods, respectively. In contrast, 20 families common to both sampling levels were identified. The Malaise traps collected more individuals in mixed-crops fields for the first method and winkler bags collected more individuals in secondary forests for the second method. Although the difference of collects, combining different methods of trapping is recommended for the best sampling of Coleopteran.

This paper presents an ethnographic study conducted in five Moroccan primary schools in Marrakesh and region. This study utilizes cultural models theory as an instrument of inquiry to probe primary school teachers’ beliefs and assumptions about pedagogical reform initiatives. The intent is to develop awareness of the sociocultural embeddedness of teachers’ thinking with regard to pedagogical renewal. In the course of interviews, the overwhelming majority of teachers harbor lingering doubts about the possibility of institutionalizing pedagogical reform. Imported pedagogies are informed by knowledge, values, and justifications generated in their own contexts. Henceforth, there is a need for a thoughtful consideration of the local context if imported pedagogies are to yield some of their anticipated results. The teachers believe that reform in primary school, in the face of daunting challenges, is doomed to failure. This might explain the fact that after years of ‘implementation’, pedagogical innovation in primary school has done poorly in terms of being institutionalized and does not appear to have achieved its desideratum. In the absence of optimal conditions that facilitate implementation, reform effort is a waste of time, money and energy. The teachers call for a bottom-up model for policy development which takes into account the central role of teachers’ beliefs and actual practices in the policy design and enactment processes.

Participatory varietal selection is a process that is gradually gaining ground in terms of its ability to improve the results of a selection. This work would identify the preferences of its kind on the choice of the variety of rice in Cameroon. The hypothesis states that rice varietal selection in Cameroon is significantly influenced by gender. Data were collected through individual questionnaires and group interviews from 240 producers in the Mbam, North and Northwest. Using inferential statistic and logistic regression, the study showed that gender has no effect on the choice of rice varieties in Cameroon at all the growing stages.

Waste management is a major stakeholder of a nation that aspires for development. Organic biodegradable waste invades the city of Kinshasa: streets, green spaces, aquatic environments and in other cities of the country where their management becomes a serious problem. In this work, three organic substrates: cow dung, sawdust and soil (fertile soils) were recycled by mixing them in the form of scenarios (dung alone, dung with sawdust and dung with soil). Recycling was carried out using the vermicomposting technique. The trials have yielded a fertile manure that meets ecological standards and earthworms that are increasingly being considered in the production of animal proteins and economically profitable

The rise of the Chinese economy seems to be a great challenge to the regionalization of Japan in Asia. Despite the regional leadership race between Japan and China is in South and East Asia, the two economies are interdependent. China seems to intend to impose itself as an economic hegemon in the region. The rise of China over the last thirty years, since the beginning of the reform era in 1978, is certainly unusual in its magnitude and scale, bridging its gap through trade. The two countries are major economic partners with trade representing nearly $ 312 billion in 2013. But relations between the second economy (Communist China) and the third world economy (Japan) have deteriorated over the last two years. China and Japan maintain contradictory relations between economic interdependence and political tensions in the region of South-East Asia. These two states seek only one thing, to impose their leadership. The relationship between China, a multi-millennial civilization that has influenced the whole of the Far East, and the Japanese archipelago, which has received this cultural influence from the first Chief, has a history marked by incessant exchanges and rivalries. For decades, Japan was the undisputed first Asian power. Today, Japanese leadership is being questioned by China, which tends to take off and assert itself as a great regional and international power. The emergence of China over the past two decades has undoubtedly ranked it among the key players on the international scene. But this rise of the empire of the milieu in the contemporary world raises concerns: upsetting strategic balances, redefining economic rules, questioning the democratic system as the only system able of bringing prosperity, New military power.

Une intégration réussie des TIC demande entre autre un changement pédagogique, c’est le facteur dont la quasi-totalité des enseignants n’en tient pas encore compte. Ces enseignants résument, malheureusement, la fonction des TIC comme de simples outils compatibles seulement avec un enseignement traditionnel et dogmatique et sans étude préalable qui se résume par une mise en place d’un scénario pédagogique approprié. Or parmi les éléments avantageux des TIC, c’est qu’elles augmentent la capacité de questionnement et la résolution des problèmes ce qui favorisent le plaisir d’apprendre en défendant la participation des élèves à la construction de leur propre savoir.

CMS stands for Content Management System. There are different types of CMS, usually, refers to Web CMS (WCMS) which is a software that allows common users to manage content of web pages without necessary knowledge from web developers or databases administrators. Project of the research program "Monitoring of Oil activities in Ecuador : a cross-disciplinary approach between Environment, Health and People" better known as Monoil, needs to publish information to internet, for example, data from agreements, associations, investigators résumé, investigations, news, etc. In the way we are thinking about web sites, all these data is treated as a “content”, then, Monoil needed a WCMS. Before solutions that were implemented, demanded certain performance and managers (of contents) were not agreed with them. Thus, the project decided to create CMS Monoil application which is a made-to-order Manager Content software. This solution includes CMS Monoil Application, destined to investigators and general public, and a Module for maintaining tables of CMS, for administrators who change frequently the content of the pages; these projects are included in the main solution Monoil as a built-in software. The CMS is developed with open source technologies such as Java platform with JSF Framework, Apache Tomcat web application and PostgreSQL database. In order to carry out this project with Software Engineering standards, SCRUM was selected as the agile methodology of developing, which through Sprints, created the CMS Monoil under these agile practices.

The importance of studies of scientific research has been the basis for new discoveries, regardless of the branch or science to which it is directed, the study will always have a social benefit. The great amount of information produced is an advantage for the exchange of knowledge and the strengthening of theories and new concepts applied to real life. That is why; the present study details the importance of the development of a tool for automation and storage of bibliographic sources. This proposal is addressed to the scientific personnel that integrate the project MONOIL (Environmental Monitoring, Health, Society and Petroleum in Ecuador), which analyzes the variables that define the environmental pollution models as a result of the oil spill in Ecuador. For the development of the application is used scrum methodology, the selection of an appropriate development methodology for their development; the establishment of indicators and standards for the construction of the database; the analysis of the requirements to achieve optimal conditions of storage and classification of documents; determine appropriate search filters; and the design of the interfaces of the system making use of open source technologies, programming optimization, model controller view, with the purpose of implementing and integrating this system to the MONOIL project platform and contribute to the development of the research process benefiting not only the Scientific personnel but also to society in general.

The main objective of this research work is the analysis and development of a technological application to manage the profiles of MONOIL researchers, a bi-national program between France and Ecuador, dedicated to monitoring the environment and evaluating the consequences caused in society by the Oil pollution in Ecuador. Its importance lies in the fact that it proposes a solution to a problem associated with MONOIL, not having a web tool that facilitates knowing the people behind one of the most important tasks within the mentioned program, as is the research; this will be solved by implementing an application in the web environment. For the development of the same, in the scope of programming, there were designed forms that allow the administration of the data entered by the researcher, it was used the integrated development environment called NetBeans with connection to a database modeled in the Data Base Management System PostgreSQL. Such tools put into operation in Windows operating system. At the end of the research, it will obtain an efficient tool for the management of the resumes or profiles of the researchers that belong to MONOIL, and can be implemented in other areas or future projects related to the subject.

Variety of repositories of data base devoted to oil the world pollution, and at the same time there is the need for a data repository dedicated to the impact of the oil on the air, water, soil, species living and around the parish Dayuma located in the peripheries of the Ecuadorian Amazon, and that can accommodate certain social indicators and health provided by the ECLAC and WHO. The main objective of this project is to provide a user-friendly database to investigators of the binational project between the Governments of France / Ecuador MONOIL (environmental monitoring, health, society, and petroleum in Ecuador) developed in the open source PostgreSQL database. The information collected by reading scientific journals, books, websites and third-party software. This research will be validated with the researchers belonging to the project MONOIL in this way determines the variables used for the structure to be defined in the database. Through the use of the methodology SCRUM is achieved one of the objectives of the project which allows you to comply with the principles of normalization of a database, create services to auto feed tables automatically every day, at the same time that logical and entity-relationship models used in the structure created in a short period of time and in an orderly manner can deliver testing that are analyzed by the leader principal of the project.

The oil production in Ecuador rose considerably during the 70s, it is known as the oil boom. The country was opened to the world oil market, and earned a big ally to promote the economy, although not all is perfect, the oil exploitation has a negative impact for the operating areas, in this case the Ecuadorian Amazon. The main objective of this research is to identify and determine the affected areas in the life system of Dayuma population through a survey to find information on site and subsequently, statistical analysis. It takes as example the population of Dayuma and shows the close link between petroleum sector and society. Using literature review on issues of oil pollution, designing a technique for gathering information that will be executed in the Dayuma parish, this place was chosen for the research due to its strategic value in the region and statistically tabulated information. This research demonstrates the terrible affectation population is exposed to, not only to their lifestyle, but also the quality of their environment. In addition, it shows the close link that exists between people and companies related to the operation, making difficult to identify oil pollution. The advantage of this research is that it counts on the participation of the Environmental Monitoring, Health, Society and Oil in Ecuador (MONOIL), which has involved several institutions in the country, such as the University of Guayaquil.

Phytoplankton abundance in relation with physico-chemical parameters were investigated at 11 stations monthly from May 2014 to april 2015 in Aghien lagoon. Distribution of phytoplankton abundance had homogeny within the entire lagoon. However it notices differences between seasons. The high abundance was recorded in the low rainy season (2.3 107 cells/mL) and the low one in the high dry season (1.1 107 cells/mL).The seasonality is confirmed by Indicator value and RDA. Three groups were determined according seasons. The high rainy season assemblage was influence by conductivity and high temperature. Ammonium, BOD, dissolved oxygen and pH influence species of low dry season. Concerning the group 3 (high dry season and low rainy season), abundance of species is associated to high value of turbidity and nitrate. Indeed, the phytoplankton community of Aghien lagoon is still dominated by Cyanobacteria such as Microcystis wesenbergii (Komarek.) Komarek., M. aeruginosa (Kützing) Nägeli., Microcystis sp., Aphanocapsa incerta (Lemm.) Cronb. & Kom. and Anabaena circinalis Rabenh.ex Born. & Flash. These species are responsible for different blooms recorded in the Aghien lagoon. It also important to identified the kind of toxins these bloom-forming cyanobactorial produce in this lagoon.

Parliaments are major pillards of democracy both in the voting of laws in general and fiscal in particular and in the implementation of control over public finances. The missions of parliamentary scrutiny emanate from the constitution and the internal regulation. In practice, it appears that these checks do not appear to be well carried out in Democratic Republic of the Congo because of their laxity. Consequently they accentuate the mismanagement and use of public funds by the managers and managers of public institutions, enterprises and institutions. As elected representatives of the people and models, they vote fiscal and budgetary laws and must also pay their professional taxes on remunerations. This pedagogical example must be followed by taxpaying citizens by adhering to the tax system. It unfortunately unfolds that the so-called «majority» deputies, despite the means of control they have, only aim to defend the interests of the ruling majority to the detriment of the general interest of the people and those called «the opposition» manage to bargain their motions. This aspect reduces the catalytic role of effective parliamentary oversight over public finances by expanding impunity, not consolidating good governance of public finances and economic development, let alone reducing poverty.

New γ-lactam derivatives are synthesized with good yields on a mineral support in "dry" medium and under microwave irradiations in a domestic furnace. The structures of the various products are established using 1HNMR, 13CNMR and IR spectroscopy.

The design process is the main central concern in design research. It has been considered as a solving problem, as discussed recently by many researchers. Nevertheless, this process could be approached by the theory of complexity. Knowing this latter have different understandings and implications, we can consider the designing as a complex system. However, this approach leads us to think about the different levels of complexity linked to the design product production. In this context, we are often targeting the designer rather than the product itself; or being focused on one aspect to the detriment of another (creativity, problem solving …); or somewhat developing a different process (the process of problem evolution or solution evolution or their coevolution). Regarding process design, it appears too much coherent if we think that it is so complex and almost impossible to pin point and treat everything as unit. Nonetheless, when we go deeply through Edgar Morin writings and his approach of "Complex Thinking" or even "Global Thinking", we are conducted necessary to perceive the design process differently, from global re-thinking point of view. To re-think of it as a complexus. The impact of such an initial approach will be discussed. So, the trends in design research will be reviewed in a first section, We will develop, in a second one, a thinking particular mode of the design process with reference to Edgar Morin's approach.

In term of governance, the Cameroonian law n° 99/016 of 22 December 1999 laying down the general statute for public institutions and para-public enterprises legitimizes the board of directors in its function of supervising the management of the directors. The main objective of this article is to evaluate the conformity of the boards of directors of Cameroonian public companies with respect to this law. From a sample of 37 companies, the authors argue that in practice, compagnies do not respect process of formal compliance with the regulatory provisions. State hegemony is the main characteristic of the boards of directors of public and parapublic sector companies in Cameroon, as many ministries and other public bodies may be involved in the appointment of directors and the functioning of the board. There is often strong political pressure, leading to the lack of respect for the provisions of the laws in force.

In Morocco, countries with semi-arid climate, the increasing needs in water for the irrigation, the production of the electricity and the drinkable water supply, required the construction of a large number of dams. This infrastructure has to allow him to earn a living and to proceed to a better management of its resources in superficial waters The dam BAB LOUTA is situated on the oued BOUSBAÂ (upstream to oued BOUHLOU), near the douar BAB LOUTA of capacity of 35500 million of m3. It has for main function the supply, of the city of Taza, in drinking water. The putting in water of the damis made at the beginning of year 2000. He has to meet the needs for the city. The latter, is situated in approximately 40 km as the crow flies in the southwest of the city of TAZA and 10 km of TAHLA. This study concerned the physico-chemical quality of waters of the dam and its tributaries. To realize our work, we made, a monthly follow-up, spread out from January, 2016 till December, 2016. Analyses concerned 10 physico-chemical parameters, and 3 bacteriologicals parameters.

The article aims to highlight the relevance of the territory in the experiences of local development. This article has is analysis the role of territorial determinants of the competitiveness development processes in the sector of textile-clothing inside Casablanca's area (Morocco). Matters relating to territorial dynamics are developed in the social sciences meaning, in particular through research on industrial districts and SPL concepts. Of course, this relative revival of the territory implies questions. How the territorial variable is integrated inside in competitive strategies the economic actors? Which are the space proximity effects on the economic processes in geographically concentrated productive systems? The thought, suggested here, deals with the effects of the geographical proximity on the constitution of a SPL while clarifying as much as possible the institutional and informal articulations of this system and its competitive profile. It turned out that the Casablanca region is overflowing of specific resources, whether of economic process as competition, complementarity or non-economic processes, such as, cooperation, technological externalities, shared values and local regulations. Those resources that are specific to Casablanca region are essential to stimulate the local dynamics of the productive system in question.

Since its existence on earth, man never ceased to develop by progressing his intelligence and inventing new sciences. Consequently, the sciences developed by man (natural, human, etc.) were mainly inspired interesting solutions and approaches (new working methods, useful logics, mechanisms, etc.) from two different sources; either from one another or directly from nature. In general, synergy and exchange between scientific domains are often in the form of transfers and replication of practices (experiments, logics, methods, etc.) from an original domain where they were effectively used to another one where they will be adopted. According to this principle, the present paper studies the possibility to project the expertise of the computer networks management, which is well standarized, on the enterprise environment and especially on its management domain built basically, like the whole enterprise, on the basis of management science. This paper aims to develop a theoretical model to assure an efficient management of the enterprise without any disruption of its normal daily functioning.