This work looked at fractal dimension as a tool for measuring corrosion. The data obtained from corrosion of steel pipes used for drinking water supply was used, this research provides alternative method of measuring corrosion and overcome the limitation of conventional weight loss technique in its inability to measure corrosion rate which is not significantly change over a long time of period, moreover weight loss cannot demonstrate the area of concentration of corrosion on the surface of the coupon it rather gives the weight loss value, and this will aid in determining the real level or extent of corrosion damage in the material and this can be obtained when measuring the material through fractal analysis. this also provide means of avoiding errors which might be committed when weighing the corrosion coupon, an image j image processing and analysis is used to generate the fractal dimension of corrosion of steel pipe.

The scope of this study is to draw up the picture of the Cameroonian woman entrepreneur using a sample of 95 women entrepreneurs, in order to evaluate the various stages through which they go before creating in order to point up the barriers the meet during the process, and their typologies. It implements an empirical research which helps to explore the women process of starting-up. It appears that:
Firstly, the entrepreneurship awakening of Cameroonian women is still recent. Secondly, the characteristics and the behaviors of women entrepreneurs are not stiffed and rather depend on the environment in which they evolve. Thirdly, the start-up of businesses by women constitutes a huge stake for the Cameroonian economy. These women entrepreneurs undertake activities which are not categorized and which sometimes lack of vitality. This consequently exposes them to barriers which are not always resorbed despite numerous assistance which can arrive from various horizons. Elsewhere, it is important to remember that Cameroonian women entrepreneurs have as a whole the same reasons of creating start-ups regardless of the regions they evolve. They are influenced by the same sociocultural factors.

The environmental protection accounts for 0% of the activity of county court, which gave 665 judgements between 2009 and 2013. These judgements, sanctioned a series of traditional and heterogenous infringements.
In spite of many consecrations on the legal and even constitutional; the assessments on the application of environment law give a report on the inexistence of number judgements pronounced by this jurisdiction. Powders with the eyes?

Out of the law of lot of hunting actions and the community participations in the management of Congolese fauna, the fauna regime encourages paradoxically development of illegal operations.
Different legislations have intervened at different times of Congo independent history and did not encourage the dynamic participations of the local communities and other local actors in wildlife resources administrations.

This study examines the impact of the triptych economic freedom-financial development-FDI on economic growth in 12 MENA countries (Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey and Yemen) over the period 1995-2012, by using OLS, panel fixed effects (FE), panel random effects (RE) and generalized method of moments (GMM). The main findings indicate that economic freedom contributes positively and significantly to economic growth, because greater economic freedom fosters economic growth by inducing competition and steering resources to the most efficient use. Furthermore, financial development indicators exert a positive and significant impact on the growth of selected MENA economies, thus, it can be said that the financial development play a preponderant role in enhancing the MENA region's growth prospects by encouraging savings and investments, and allowing the efficient allocation of resources, it is also accountable for absorbing FDI benefits. As well as, the results show the positive growth effect of FDI. Based on these findings, it could be concluded that policy actions should be directed towards strengthening economic institutions, promoting access to finance and enhancing competition through the removal of stringent entry barriers and improvement of credit information. Further, MENA countries can improve their growth performance by opening their doors more widely to FDI inflows and enacting favorable investment policies. Additionally, policy makers in the MENA region should create the enabling environment conducive to financial development and implement far-reaching reforms in the financial area along with embarking on deeper and broader institutional reforms.

The study of the fishing activity in the lower Bandama River (C

The study aimed to assess the quality of the granulated cassava products in Isabela and South Cotabato in the Philippines by describing the granulation practices, characterizing the granulated cassava products and the effect of the quality of granulated cassava products to the supply and income of the farmers and traders in study sites. Results showed that in Isabela practiced wet granulation while dry granulation in South Cotabato. Based on the Philippine National Standards on cassava dried chips and granules, around 40% and 50 to 67% of the granule sizes of Isabela and South Cotabato were not acceptable in the major feed manufacturing market for cassava. This resulted to low quality of cassava granules and low income for Isabela farmers and South Cotabato traders. In per hectare basis, Isabela farmers producing Class B granules received PhP1,200 and PhP1,370 lower than the Class A (good quality). In terms of volume, quality loss incurred by Isabela farmers recorded 0.80mt per hectare and 2.23mt per hectare for South Cotabato traders. Thus, appropriate granulation facility is needed by the Philippine cassava industry.

Two hundred and twenty-five snails Achatina fulica (Bowdich, 1720), of approximately three days old, were subjected to two diets made up of green fodder (R1 and R2) and three concentrated floured diets (R3, R4 and R5) with variable contents of proteins [10,5% (R3);14% (R4) and 17,5% (R5) ], during 50 weeks in breeding.This work aims at studying the effect of the diet and its content of proteins on the growth of this snail, in captivity.The diet R1 consists of Lactuca sativa (Asteraceae), Carica papaya (Caricaceae), Brassica oleracea (Brassicaceae), Cecropia peltata (Moraceae), Laportea aestuans (Urticaceae) and Phaulopsis falcisepala (Acanthaceae).n addition to the sheets used for the diet R1, the diet R2, is added with sheets of Leucena leucocephala (Fabaceae-Mimosoideae), a plant relatively rich in proteins.The growth and the survivals rates of snails subjected to the concentrated floured diet rich in protein were definitely better than those subjected to the diets made up of green fodder relatively low in protein. The weight growth improved with the increase of the content of proteins of concentrated diet. Thus, the best live weight (198,62 g) is presented by snails subjected to R5 follow-up by that obtained with R4 (178,50 g). The vegetable diet R2 containing the sheets of L leucocephala caused the most mortality.The survival rate of A. fulica knew an improvement with the increase in the rate of proteins of the concentrated diets.

One of the greatest reasons of the unceasing emergence of various technologies is the human's desire to continuously promote our quality of living. We want advancement because we want easier life, we want to be more efficient, we want to be more productive. And with this concept, it's just proper to make our Local Government Units as one of the major beneficiaries of technologies since lot of transactions valuable to its constituents are being done on their offices each day. As the researcher conducted a system need analysis among the Local Government Unit in Bulacan, it was found out that its municipalities are still using manual system in most of its daily operations. In particular, this study addressed the needs of the Municipal Business Permit and Licensing Inspection Office - an office in charge for the inspection of all registered businesses under the municipality. Unfortunately, the office is still implementing a manual way of scheduling their inspections and other transactions. This study aims to improve their system of performing business processes. The system can generate all the reports needed by the Business Permit officers. Rapid Application Development method was used in developing this module which allows quick development of the software in combination with methods of iterative process and rapid prototyping. The researcher conducted an evaluation and through ISO 9126, it was found out that the developed system is highly acceptable for its respondents and of course to its intended users. The implications of the results yields better scheduling, tracking, recording and accessing of business inspections which deem important in promoting office productivity.

Introduction: Recurrent disease is a genetic autoinflammatory disease autosomal recessive with particular ethnic distribution. Chronic disease evolution paroxysmal often beginning at childhood and characterized by inflammation of the serous with the main risk amyloidosis. Colchicine is the standard treatment. The management of the carrier pregnant women with this disease should be done in collaboration between internist, obstetrician and nephrologist in patients with renal impairment.
Observation: We report the case of a woman in labor to 41 years, G5P2 mother of two children with a history of two spontaneous abortions, for MFM Followed by colchicine stopped since the desire to design with pregnancy marked by the occurrence of one crisis first trimester of pregnancy. The evolution was unremarkable and vaginal delivery of a newborn male eutrophic 10/10 Apgar.
Discussion and conclusion: FMF Treaty and colchicine have no major impact on the reproductive life of women of childbearing age subject to proper monitoring and good compliance. Obstetrical prognosis is especially marked by the increased risk of abortion in cases of early pregnancy crisis.

Absence from work is a social phenomenon; it is usually a reflection of underlying evil whose real sources, the root causes of this specific form of the rejection of work are many and varied.
The purpose of this article is to present some psychosocial indicators that drive the unauthorized absence in the "National Office of Railways" in Morocco and individual characteristics of agents likely to have such behavior.
In fact, the National Office of Railways is facing an irregular short-term absence, commits, in most cases by male enforcement agents, a slice of seniority from 10 to 25 years and practiced in the department "Central Management Activities". These agents are prone to this behavior.
66.14% of the answers given by the respondents "absentee" expressed the nature of the work they do is painful, when 51.14% only answers given by "Diligent" expressed this drudgery.
There is, too, that 50.00% of "absentee" said they have medical care because of the drudgery.
The exploitation of the results of this scientific article would allow officials of the company to raise and clarify some psychosocial meanings in order to find operational solutions to this phenomenon; particularly by exploiting the existence of Applied Psychology Centre (CPA) in this company, the Office must introduce a system of "return service" following an absence in non-regulatory framework or too frequent an agent. This interview is not intended to punish truants, but the goal is to help agents find solutions to their problems or even help reintegrate to reduce the risks. Approach cannot deal with this phenomenon without differentiating between cases, which makes it often ineffective or against-productive. Generally, to avoid ready-made solutions and comprehensive approaches, it does not eradicate a multifaceted problem with one weapon and in a single moment.
Finally, the results of this study provide several conclusions. By synthesizing, the National Office of Railways rather deal with unauthorized absence of short duration, usually less than three days, a male enforcement officer "in the first place is an agent of execution», a slice of seniority from 10 to 25 years working in the Central Management Activities.

Most manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers face a situation of stock depletion over time. Replenishment is usually made using the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model. The model assumes deterministic demand of a single item; often at a constant rate whose total inventory costs (ordering and holding) per unit time are minimized. In this paper, a new approach is developed to optimize the economic order quantity (EOQ) of a single item, finite horizon, and periodic review inventory problem with stochastic demand at optimum profits. In the given model, sales price and inventory replenishment periods are uniformly fixed over the planning horizon. Adopting a Markov decision process approach, the states of a Markov chain represent possible sates of demand for the inventory item. The ordering cost, holding cost, shortage cost and sales price are combined with demand and inventory positions to generate profits for the EOQ decision problem. The objective is to determine in each period of the planning horizon an optimal economic order quantity so that the long run profits are maximized for a given state of demand. Using weekly equal intervals, the decisions of how much to order are made using dynamic programming over a finite period planning horizon. A numerical example demonstrates the existence of an optimal state-dependent economic order quantity as well as the corresponding profits of item.

Despite the introduction of birth control methods to mitigate these challenges in reduction of maternal mortality had not been encouraging in Nigeria. This study assessed dynamics of the use, preference and determinant factors of birth control methods among women within reproductive age in an urban metropolis. Previous studies on contraceptive use have focused on the use and in some cases the preference of contraceptive use among women, however little is known about the determinant factors that influence the use and preference of birth control methods among female teachers of reproductive age.
One hundred and seventy three secondary school teachers who are within child bearing age were interviewed through multi-stage random sampling technique. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analyzing the data collected through administration of questionnaires.
Results of analysis shows that majority of the respondents in the study area were between the ages of 30 and 50 years (79.8%), Yoruba (82.1%), Christians (75.1%), married (87.3%) and had university education (56.6%). Respondents had high knowledge of the following birth control methods: abstinence (49.7%), male condom (41.6%), withdrawal (40.5%), IUCD (35.8%), injectables (35.3%), safe period (34.1%) and diaphragm (32.4%). The most common method used among female secondary school teachers was the withdrawal method (34.7%) and condom (34.7%), followed by safe period (28.3%) and then abstinence (21.9%) as their birth control measures. Among respondents, the most preferred method is diaphragm (16.8%), followed by birth control sponge (14.5%), spermicide (13.9%), injectables (13.3%) and vasectomy (13.3%). Respondents stated that these methods were preferred but not used due to cost and affordability. Reasons for their choice of birth control methods include convenience (47.4%), medical advice (36.9%), effectiveness (35.8%) and reversibility (26.6%). Result of analysis shows that relationship exists between educational attainment and use of birth control methods in the study area. (x2= 6.550, p= 0.014)
The study therefore concludes that female secondary school teachers in urban area had high levels of knowledge and use of birth control methods which their age and educational attainment determined their level of use. However, preference was not same as use due to affordability. More awareness campaign on birth control methods and its advantages should be carried out in the study area and policy on subsidizing the birth control cost should be considered.

Presumptive diagnosis of malaria remains a common practice in several health facilities in C

Citrus fruits have a great national social and economic importance. This work is part of an improvement and genetic diversification program of citrus, the aim of this study is to purpose and to study the variability of selection criteria related to the quality of the fruit. 107 clones of clementine were applied by gamma irradiations on Marisol clementine buds. They were grafted onto macrophylla and planted with a spacing of 3x5 m2. The evaluation was focused on the organoleptic and pomological criteria. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between the control and irradiated clones of Clementine (Marisol) for all studied variables (sugar content, number of seeds per fruit, average fruit weight and percentage of juice and maturity index) except for the acidity of the fruit. Four irradiated clones of clementine were selected because of their good quality 30M57 ; 30M67 ; 50M51 ; 50M87 ; 50M91 ; 50M89 (seedless fruits, large caliber).

In principle, african cities especially, those of countries in post-conflict conditions are under various socio-environmental threats of disappearance based on primary life indicators all in red light. Surprisingly, they are still alive. What are strategies maintaining such cities? What are main resilience strategies?
Based on the Kinshasa (D R Congo) case of study, we conclude that main resilience strategies are related to the informal sector, and on "help yourself strategy". This paper describes in detail some of those strategies.

The cornual pregnancy is a rare entity that represents almost 2% of ectopic pregnancies. Its diagnosis is almost always based on laparoscopy. The risk of rupture with severe bleeding remains high. The surgical treatment is often conventionally cornual radical resection, although cases medical methotrexate have been described.
The objective of this work is to describe a rare form of ectopic pregnancy and expose its diagnostic features, management and prognosis.
Patient and method: We report the case of a cornual pregnancy discovery intraoperatively in a patient of 27 years, admitted for acute pelvic pain with bleeding in the first quarter with pelvic ultrasound: empty uterus, endometrium 10mm, with an average abundance of peritoneal effusion. Rate of beta-hcg 2017. Given the strong suspiscion of ectopic pregnancy the patient was admitted immediately block with discovery of a right cornual pregnancy ruptured.
Discussion and Conclusion: Interstitial pregnancy ectopic pregnancy is a rare, difficult to diagnose which may involve life and maternal fertility prognosis. Taking conventional charge is surgical. In subsequent pregnancies the clinician wary risk of recurrence of interstitial pregnancy and uterine rupture.

In many arid and semi-arid regions of the world, water deficiency is becoming a major limitation for sustainable regional development. Applying zeolite to the soil can improve its ability to hold nutrients and water. The main aim of this study was to investigate the humidity and ions uptake by natural zeolite when used as an ingredient during the irrigation with rainfall. A rainfall simulator was used to evaluate the impact of natural zeolite on soil properties and soil infiltration rate. The studied parameters were three level of zeolite application (0%, 10% and 20% of zeolite) and two level of rainfall intensity (10 and 15 mm/h). Runoff and soil sample were analyzed for total EC (Electrical conductivity), soil water content, and ions concentration in two soil columns one treated with zeolite, other one untreated soil columns. The results show that infiltration rate and soil water content significantly increased in soil treated with zeolite, compared with the untreated soil. A significant decrease in runoff volume, drained water volume and sediment amount was observed after application of zeolite (P<0.01). The amounts of Ca, Na, and K were increased significantly in the soil treated with zeolite compared to no treated soil (P<0.01). No significant differences were observed between treated and control soils for pH (P<0.05).

Cerebral malaria is one of the major and deadly complications of malaria. The present study aims at describing the clinical presentation and laboratory findings of cerebral malaria in children in Lwiro.
All patients admitted in the paediatric ward of Lwiro Pediatric Hospital with malaria who presented neurological signs. 150 cases were enrolled in all, making up 34.6% of all admissions. The mean age was 4.7 years; the peak age of these patients was 0-5 years. The sex ratio was 0.9. Convulsions and coma with preceding hyperthermia were present in more than 90% of the patients. The proportion of patients with cerebral malaria only was 71.3% followed by cerebral malaria associated to anemia 21.3% and to respiratory distress 7.4%. 15 patients had hypoglycaemia on admission. There were no neurological sequels at discharge and 23 children died (15.3%). Delay in diagnosis and initiation of treatement with quinine adversely affected the prognosis of cerebral malaria in the study group.

An experiment was conducted at El-Bossily Protected Cultivation Experimental Farm, Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate (CLAC), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), at Behaira Governorate, Egypt, during the autumn seasons of 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 to study the Economic considerations of using different types of organic manure on sweet pepper yield under protected cultivation (Vermicompost, compost and Cattle manure at the rates of 2, 4 and 6% (1.8, 3.6 and 5.4 m3/plastic house of 540m2) were the organic fertilizer treatments. The study aimed to investigate increasing organic soil matter content in sandy soil via different rates and types of soil amendments as well as investigate their effects on vegetative growth and yield of sweet pepper using a split plot design with three replicates. Results obtained indicate that the increasing rate of the different soil amendments from 1.8 to 5.4 m3/plastic houses led to increase in vegetative growth and significantly enhanced early and total yield of sweet pepper. The benefit cost ratio (BCR) was maximum (1.67) in the treatment of vermicompost (4%), whereas the minimum (1.23) benefit cost ratio was obtained from cattle manure (2%) treatment in the first season. The benefit cost ratio (BCR) was maximum (1.72) in the treatment of vermicompost (4%), whereas the minimum (1.16) benefit cost ratio was obtained from compost (2%) treatment in the second season.

The dynamics of organic matter was investigated in a cambisol, in the middle west of C

Sorting is a successful management means of medical and pharmaceutical waste. It consists of the separation of hazardous components at source. This paper outlines the factors influencing the aforementioned waste sorting at the Hospital El Idrissi Kenitra. A survey was conducted among 250 participating caregivers practicing at the hospital El Idrissi Kenitra.
The results of the survey, we found that 83.33% of staff said that sorting presents the most important step for the successful management of DMP. 58% spoke of awareness and information. 22.22% have devolved the problem with the lack of basic training in triage; 83% claimed the non-suitability of containers on the requirement of the service. 78% reported never having referring to protocols or data sheets. 72% of those surveyed said that the activities related to triage of DMP are monitored and supervised and that regulation is a way to reset the order in the activity of the yard.
All of the above will allow us to develop an action plan including planning can solve a serious problem that the hospital is facing.

Retroperitoneal schwannomas are rare, usually benign tumors that originate in the neural sheath and account for only a small percentage of retroperitoneal tumors. We report a case of a 34 year old male presented to our department complaining of left abdominal mass and pain. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showed a large retroperitoneal mass of 15 cm in diameter. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of benign schwannoma. After two years, at follow-up the patient was free of disease. Retroperitoneal schwannoma is a difficult clinical diagnosis and requires a high index of suspicion. Magnetic resonance imaging scan may help in the diagnosis of schwannoma and diagnosis is based on histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry. Complete excision has a therapeutic effect and a good prognosis.

The present study aimed to identify the relationship between academic achievement among students of King Faisal University and some non-cognitive variables: emotional intelligence, and achievement motivation, and reflective thinking, in light of variables of: sex, specialization and academic level, To achieve the objectives of the study cumulative rates of students were obtained and then tests of: emotional intelligence , achievement motivation and reflective thinking were applied on(500) students at king Faisal university. the results of the study showed that there were positive relationship between the academic achievement of all of the emotional intelligence, reflective thinking, and achievement motivation, and also showed that there were statistically significant differences in favor of the female students in all variables of the study, there were significant differences in favor of students of scientific specialization in all variables, and there were significant differences in favor of Fourth-year students in reflective thinking and achievement motivation, while there were no differences related to emotional intelligence. Finally, the results showed that there were effect of these variables: gender, specialization and grade level on emotional intelligence, reflective thinking and achievement motivation, but there were no effects of these variables on academic achievement.

The ecoregion Field and malezales comprise about 30,000 km2 between the southeastern province of Misiones and northeast of Corrientes, Argentina. She is represented by a combination of patches of Paranaense Forest within a matrix of natural grasslands. We investigated and compared the arthropod assemblages in different habitat types (forest and grassland) of Field & Malezales ecoregion in the province of Corrientes. We carried out two samplings of arthropods on vegetation (spring 2006 and autumn 2007), in which eight sampling sites, widely separated by several kilometers. We take 10 samples randomly with a G-Vac (garden-vacuum) on vegetation. A total of 24,328 individuals, 1.225spp / morphospecies of arthropods in 22 orders, of which grassland (S=742spp N=15,406); while patches of forest (S=858spp N=8,922) the arthropods. The complementarity between arthropod an assemblage of forests and grasslands was high. The biggest contribution to the gamma diversity was given by ?1, species turnover between samples from a site. Alpha diversity contributes greatly to regional diversity, with forest sites increased diversity. The greatest diversity of existing sites in the ecoregion environments are important and responsible registered diversity, so this should be taken into account in the planning of tasks aimed at the conservation of regional biodiversity.