Cattle, goats and pigs form an important source of meet and income to the population of south-Kivu. Despite their economic and nutritious importance they are always victims of various gastro-intestinal parasites. The author presets the results of an investigation carried out in the rural markets of Bulambika and Karasi to determine the prevalence of the parasite.

Cet article a pour objet la poésie funèbre qui est pratiquée tant par les Corses que par les Mɔ́ngɔ. Les deux peuples ont, dans leurs cultures respectives, désigné ce genre littéraire oral sous deux terminologies dialectales locales qui se traduisent en langue française par le mot "Voix". Ce fait a suscité l’intérêt pour l’étude comparative. L’analyse comparative de deux textes, corse et mɔ́ngɔ, a révélé qu’en dehors de la dénomination commune du genre, les deux textes oraux présentent des caractéristiques semblables tant sur le plan de la forme que celui du fond.

This study showed how the aorta is continually to blood pulsatile stresses caused by the effect of the heart. These constraints are noted by an elastic deformation of the organ. We have implemented some methodologies mathematics that have allowed us to evaluate the blood interaction / aorta by solving differential equations to describe the mechanical characteristics. The device doppler echo and Solidwokes software have been exploited to establish consistency between the literature review and experimental observations in the laboratory.

The study of improvement of solar water disinfection by photosensitization with coumarin extracts of some plants of Rutaceae family (Citrus limonum, Citrus paradisi and Citrus sinensis) shows an inhibition of 90% for fecal coliforms after 30 minutes of sunshine. Complete inhibition is noted after 60 minutes. In water not treated and exposed to the sunlight, an inhibition of 32% was noticed after 60 minutes. The photosensitizing activity noted in these extracts is due to the presence of coumarins. These molecules in presence of light absorb the energy and pass from the ground state to the excited state. Returning to the ground state, the stored energy is transferred to the oxygen, which then passes from the ground state, triplet, to the excited state, singlet, and inhibits the coliforms present in water.

During eight war months, the effects are perverse, not only the violation of the humanitarian international law, but also the human rights. Within the framework of our work, we try to demonstrate that the main principles of the humanitarian international law were not respected. The attacks of belligerent parties including the foreign strengths were not within the limits of means of fight in particular the use of a tank T-55 in Benghazi and in other cities of the country. As for the method of fight, the hostilities took place during the late hours which talked of massive destructions without saving hospitals and schools, also most victims are civil persons. It is impossible to stop or better to forbid the belligerent parties to wage war because of the conflicting human nature, but the regulations or the mitigation of the latter are possible through the notion of the humanitarian international law, in other words law of war. It is a right to wage war for a just cause by observing certain regulations such as the principle of the right humanitarian worker which stipulates that the respect for the human person and its blooming will be assured in all the compatible measure with the law and order in wartime with the military requirements.

The Office of Control of the Congo in particular and of the world in general must avoid the method of destruction of foodstuffs which become unfit for consumption after weighing them to check that the quantity weighed corresponds to the nominal quantity on the Label of the package. We opted for a non-destructive method by using the batch acceptance or rejection test using a dual sampling design. This statistical method resolves the conflict between the Office of Control and the sellers of pre-packaged products of Class A (food products).

This reflection tries to review and to analyze the multiple challenges which the new States in international relations should face during their integration on the international scene, undid who established a major obstacle so that these assume.In illustrative title, we evoked the case of the Democratic Republic of the Congo which is an integral part there. We are going to analyze at first the challenges since his entry in the independence then to demonstrate how they established a brake for the maturity of the RDC and finally we are going to glimpse the ways of exit.

This article highlights a significant problem in personal status, especially regarding the proof of filiations or exile, It came a comparative study between law and Sharia, indicating the means followed, Medical expertise and Lea'an, explaining the difference between them, we follow their applications by the family jurisdiction, which will prioritize Lea'an or medical expertise? The result found that the Moroccan judiciary gives priority to the medical expertise than Lea'an.

The search for long-term relationships with the customer is only a fashionable precept presenting a contingent phenomenon, as evidenced by the frequent use of this concept, to analyze the inter-organizational relations, in different fields of psycho-sociological, strategic sciences and marketing. These observations prompt us to ask the following question: Are there economic reasons for inter-organizational collaboration? Is it a new marketing mode or is it just a formula invented and popularized by academia? The purpose of this work is to specify the concepts of ethical and relational links in a marketing perspective, on the one hand, and to analyze its role in the management of the inter-organizational relationship on the other hand. Through a study conducted in the services sector, we will seek to explore the relational antecedents that can help explain this new collaborative trend of companies based on two theoretical approaches: ethics and relational.

During this study, we used the professional risk, pension service and financial sheets of two directorates of the National Institute of Social Welfare of Haut-Ktanga for the study of different variables. In total, we analyzed 251 cases and of which the year 2012 recorded more accidents at work than other years, ie 32.3%. The male sex represents 92.8% of the accidents at work. The married are the most rugged, almost 95%. The seniority range from 2 to 7 years is the most accident-stricken with 38.2% of cases. The mining sector is the most rugged sector with 70.1%. Married people are the most rugged, about 95% of the population of our study. The seniority period ranging from 2 to 7 years experienced many more accidents, ie 38.2% of the cases. The mining sector is the most rugged sector with 70.1% and the miners are the most rugged of our study with 52%. The total costs of care and compensation have increased overall over the 2008-2012 period with a peak in 2010 of more than 250 million CDF. On the other hand, the compensation costs do not depend on the accident sector, the places where the accidents occurred and the age of the victims.

In this study, we used the Karasek questionnaire for a sample of 338 workers, including 258 classified workers and 80 unclassified workers. By studying the descriptive variables to which we added the addictive behaviors that are the consumption of alcohol and tobacco, we arrived at the following results: A "low social support" is perceived by 83% of the classified, 84.6% have a seniority of at least 5 years and 83.1% are affected in the sectors of the mining operations. "Low decision latitude" is perceived by 91.8% of the classified, 89.9% of the workers whose seniority in the company is at least 5 years at most and 97.3% of the workers working in the sector mining operations. A strong psychological demand is reported by 84.8% of classified workers, 84% with a seniority of at least 5 years and 86.8% of workers in the mining extraction sector. The perception of low decision latitude is influenced by professional status and by industry. Classified workers report low latitude 2.5 times more than their unclassified counterparts. The perception of low decision latitude is not influenced by the seniority of the workers within the company.

While legalized in other countries, homosexual marriage remains poorly perceived in Africa. With the exception of South Africa, which has made enormous progress on gay rights, other African states still oppose homosexual marriage and homosexuals are rejected and stigmatized. In this context, where homophobic sentiment is widespread and in the face of pressure from Western powers demanding that human rights, including those of homosexuals be respected, questions the perspectives of the institutionalization of homosexuality in Africa becomes interesting. Hence this article entitled « Perspectives of the institutionalization of homosexuality in Africa. Case of the Democratic Republic of Congo ». Following our participation-observation and analysis of the results of our research conducted in the city of Lubumbashi in the Democratic Republic of Congo, we noticed that homosexuality is still poorly perceived in the Democratic Republic of Congo and generally in Africa. Congolese are still trying for the moment to cling to their moral and cultural values that reject homosexuality. In these days, it would be wrong to initiate a law institutionalizing homosexual marriage. However, the Congolese and African political leaders would not try to take a law criminalizing homosexuals for fear of being accused by the Western powers of supporting human rights violations, which will lead to sanctions.

The national production of the RDC is constituted of 2 sectors, goods and services. the sector of understands them: agriculture, the mining extraction, metallurgic industries, manufacturies, electricity and water, of the buildings and public works while the one of services is constituted of the trade of big and detail, the transportation and communication, services mercantts conferred, the rights and taxes to the import that allow him to integrate in the world economy. This survey is about the analysis of import-export statistics in the involvement of the RDC to the international trade. We left from the operations to the international translating the import-export done during the period, that is in the majority of the cases associated to delay of payment. These last represent in short length the fluctuations of change that affect manner more or less pronounced the value of the invoices, once converted in national currency that carries to believe in a risk of transaction. Of this change risk a direct effect will be born on the commercial margins able to reduce the profitability of the commercial operations to the international. After analysis of the data, it comes out again that the RDC does really the international exchanges and that the commercial balance remained positive for the years under survey in spite of the very reduced key sectors because of the transformation of the products exported by the tool of production that is not yet modernized, developed and recapitalisé. in a context of absence and/or smallness of the outside financings and the coming a part of the outside help since several decades, the State Congolese and the Central Bank don't quit to make a dramatic recourse to the board to ticket to finance their deficit causing the inflation and the depreciation of the national currency. It justifies the importance that we intend to grant to this sector that appears completely forsaken and visiblment is not the subject of no politics can help it thus to stand up.

The current dump of the Taza city, dump wild, said dump Julien, located on the outskirts of the city and who’s commissioning dates back to early 1940, has transformed over the years into a major environmental nuisance. Its rehabilitation is necessary to reduce environmental impacts such as greenhouse gas emissions, leachate formation and slope instability. Long-term landfill understanding is important for landfill remediation and appropriate models that can take into account both mechanical and bio-decomposition mechanisms in predicting a sustainable remediation scenario, are not usually available. In this paper, a model based on an integrated QSE management system and taking into account the biodegradation process is proposed to simulate the behavior of the deposit of waste buried after closure of the site and to model the typical descriptors of the behavior in the short and long term. The analytical, experimental and full-scale extrapolation results prove that the studied model of the SMI-QSE is a simple but robust and scalable scientific and technical tool. The application of this model of SMI-QSE for the rehabilitation of landfills is the originality of this work at the national and even international level. In addition, the appropriation of this model allows the uncontrolled public landfill of the city of Taza to meet its challenges and to integrate into the overall process of sustainable development of Morocco.

The positive impact of the liberalization of air transport, largely supported by the economic theory and "validated" by the empirical studies, has inspired many developing countries to liberalize some of their Air Service Agreements (ASA). After Nigeria and Morocco, Tunisia has signed in December 11th, 2017 the agreement of Open Sky with the European Union (EU), its historic economic partner. Thus, the Tunisian airlines will be exposed to key issues emanating from both the agreement and the activation of the Yamoussoukro Declaration signed more than 15 years ago. Given these potential deep conditioning mutations, in the future Tunisian air transport, this paper will attempt to predict and compare the dynamics of air demand in Tunisia from the initiation of both agreements. The aim of our work is to qualify the effects of the Tunisian-EU Open Sky and Yamoussoukro agreement based on the reproduction of passenger traffic Reference situation marked by its restrictive character, using macroeconomic factors (trade and GDP), the distance and the ASA liberalization indicator to build our econometric model. The comparison will be justified by a working simulation of various liberalization options.

Objective: To value the general knowledge of the voluntary donors of blood (DBS) on the Virus of hepatitis B (VHB). Materials and methods: It is a survey transverse analytic longitudinal track during three months at the time of grant of blood to the HGR of Minova. The data in relation with the characteristics socio demographic and those bound to the general knowledge of the DBS on the VHB have been collected and have been analyzed by means of software Epi Info version 3.5.1. The frequencies and the percentages have been calculated. The test of Chi Two was used and the doorstep of significance has been fixed to a p value <0,05. Results: 111 DBS had participated in the stady. We noted a masculine predominance of which age varied between 29-39 years. 75,7% of them investigated were married, with a secondary instruction level (52,3%) of which 71,2% with a seniority in the grant of blood less five years. The DBS were constituted of 22,5% professional of Health (PS) and 77,5% of non-professional of Health (NPS). Conclusion: This survey raised a low level of knowledge on the VHB in Minova. The PS had an elevated knowledge level in relation to the NPS on the virus.

Objective: To identify the factors of risk that are in link with the disruption of the hepatic enzymes (GOT and GPT) at the PVVIH of the HGR FOMULAC Katana. Materials and methods: A transverse survey to analytic aim has been led on 150 PVVIH having frequented the HGR FOMULAC Katana during the active period of May 1st, 2011 to May 1st 2012. The data in relation with the biologic state of the PVVIH and the reasons of the disruptions of the transaminases have been collected and have been analyzed by means of software Epi Info version 3.5.1. The percentage, the average with deviation standard (DS) has been found and the doorstep of significance has been fixed to a p value < 0, 05. Results: The GOT transaminases and GPT were disrupted respectively to a rate of 14% and 11% at the aged PVVIH, of feminine sex, co infected by the viruses of B hepatitis and C, under ARV consuming the alcohol. Conclusion: The transaminases were disrupted at the PVVIH followed to the HGR katana. A good hold in load, the non-Consumption of alcohol and a regular control of the biologic parameters as the dosages of the hepatic enzymes, the serodiagnosis of B hepatitis and C could reduce the effects hepatotoxic by our PVVIH.

The study of the determinants of resistance to the use of contraceptive methods among women of childbearing age in the city of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) that we have just conducted focused on 2,373 women drawn in the Districts, Communes, Quarters and streets of Kinshasa. Contraceptives being divided into groups of: - modern contraceptives; - traditional contraceptives and others. This study has shown that there are women who do not like to use contraceptives, others use some by rejecting others. Therefore, the following characteristics of resistance to use of contraceptive methods at women of childbearing age: age; the level of education, the number of children born; financial income; the occupation of women; marital status; the place of residence; The religion and opinion about these methods have been developed and proved that this behavior stems from the misinformation given to women about these methods. The statistical analysis using the Chi-Carré test was done to show the number of resistant women and those who use some of the contraceptive methods. The Epidata software was used to plot the tables carrying the results.

A proliferation of hotels in major cities in developing countries such as Benin leads to more waste water production. The present work aims to evaluate the efficiency of the wastewater treatment methods of Cotonou hotels. But after investigation, most hotels do not have a wastewater treatment plant. During the investigation, wastewater samples were collected and analyzed. The measurement of the field parameters was made with a pH meter, a conductivity meter and a turbidimeter. BOD5 was measured by respirometry and COD by colorimetry. A molecular absorption spectrophotometer was used to measure: suspended matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus content. Microbiological parameters were determined by the incorporation technique. These analyzes show that the effluents at the entrance of the stations are heavily loaded with pollutants. However, significant declines are observed on site n°4 (activated sludge) with non-standard values only for phosphorus and Escherichia coli. The adoption of a disinfection and phosphorus removal treatment would make it possible to obtain water of acceptable quality for reuse of these waters in irrigation.

The term social and solidarity economy (SSE) is increasingly being used to refers to the production of goods and services by a broad range of organizations that are distinguished from enterprise and informal economy. This organizations serves a collective aim and are guided by principles and practices of cooperation, solidarity, ethics and democratic self-management. The main purpose of this paper is to show the important role of Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) in the Local Development.