In mountainous South Kivu, local markets are characterized by imperfect competition because not only is the information imperfect, but also transaction costs are high, sometimes arbitrary and hamper arbitrage in the marketing chain. There is freedom of entry and exit in the market but the information is not known in the same way and accessible to everyone in all markets. There are several sellers and several buyers on the market, but the products are heterogeneous. The price of agricultural products on the market are not stable and for good reason: the devaluation of the local currency, unpredictable taxes and over-taxation, the multiplicity of tax services on the same product, freedom in setting prices by the players, suppliers and/or wholesalers as well as retailers (unfair competition), a choice of products dictated by origin. The oligopoly situation experienced in the sector is caused by the concentration of producers. The determinants of consumption that are common to the four products studied are the market price, the income/wealth of the consumer, the prices of other substitutable goods and services, complementary goods and services, customer tastes/preferences as well as the family responsibility. Almost all consumers have the same behavior when it comes to essential goods. The latent factors determining the success of agribusiness in beans and corn are the profile, infrastructure, resources used, production technologies used, entrepreneurial orientation and marketing. The latent factors determining the success of cassava agribusiness are the resources mobilized and infrastructure. The latent factors determining the success of potato agribusiness are infrastructure, entrepreneurial orientation, marketing and production techniques.

Local markets in mountainous South Kivu are characterized by imperfect competition because not only is information imperfect, but also transaction costs are high, sometimes arbitrary and hinder arbitrage in the marketing chain. The prices of agricultural products on the market are not stable. The oligopoly situation experienced in the sector is caused by the concentration of producers. Suppliers thus have power resulting from their domination and strong demand. Oligopoly is dangerous for consumers to the extent that the few players present in this market may be tempted to agree on the prices they impose on buyers. Thus, the latent factors determining the success of agribusiness in beans and corn are the profile, infrastructure, resources used, production technologies used, entrepreneurial orientation and marketing. The latent factors determining the success of cassava agribusiness are the resources mobilized and infrastructure. The latent factors determining the success of potato agribusiness are infrastructure, entrepreneurial orientation, marketing and production techniques. The variable exploited and secured surface area proved to be discriminatory for family agribusiness. Apart from the cultivation of potatoes considered as cash crops on any surface area, only medium and large producers can boast of doing agribusiness on beans, corn and cassava. The direct use of land covered by official and lasting titles offers more guarantee than usufruct for family agribusiness. In addition to land guarantees, the common latent factors for doing family agribusiness are the personal characteristics of the producer, infrastructure, resources used, production technologies used, entrepreneurial orientation and marketing.

Mountainous South Kivu has potential but its exploitation is subject to constraints of various kinds. The living conditions of households are bad. Poverty affects more than seven out of ten households. The majority of the population works in agriculture, but income they derive from it is considered insignificant. This study presents the results of an analysis of food security factors in 288 households in Kabare, Kaziba, Luhwinja and Ngweshe. It took place in the first half of 2018. In this study area, food production is confirmed to be insufficient and can’t ensure food self-sufficiency. The majority of households own land ranging from 0.1 to 0.9 ha (43.1% of households); the external dependence of households is high (on average 9 months of deficiency); only 12.7% of households receive food aid; income is estimated at $ 0.7 / person / day; the available infrastructure is faulty and insufficient; the households take 2 meals a day (morning and evening) considered unbalanced but in sufficient quantity; the probability of having malnourished children aged 0-5 years is 16%, while acute malnutrition is 33%, compared with severe malnutrition of 22.3% for an estimated food insecure population of 55%. , 3%. This situation is exacerbated by climate disruptions and significant distortions in agricultural product markets. Therefore, it is recommended to support and support in an efficient and effective way the revival of agropastoral production which must be at the center of the provincial strategy of food security. However, no agricultural and pastoral revival will be possible without a more active presence of the State.

In the DR Congo and more particularly in the Center-Eastern part, the populations of both urban and rural areas are experiencing signs such as the late and sometimes sudden return of rains, high temperatures, unusual drought and a disruption of the agricultural calendar. This study consisted of analyzing meteorological data from 1980 to 2016 in the Bukavu region around Lake Kivu; changes in the water levels of this lake, yield of cassava, beans, corn and potatoes from 1992 to 2015 to determine if there have been climatic disturbances and their consequences in agriculture. These data were coupled with those of a survey of 90 households to analyze their perceptions of climate change and resilience practices. The results show that the majority of crops in Central - East DRC suffer from biotic and / or abiotic stresses due to the effectiveness of climatic disturbances. The component factor analysis of the evolution of the agricultural yield of the four crops testifies that climatic changes have partial impact on yields with consequences the appearance of poorly controlled diseases of some plants, an ever-decreasing diminution of the agricultural production, the persistence of malnutrition in households, etc. The resilience strategies developed by households are the adoption of the Integrated Management of Soil Fertility package and the reorganization of the agricultural calendar.