The SIG allows us to make an exhaustive analysis of the territory in the most diverse areas. The SIG allows us to make an exhaustive analysis of the territory in the most diverse areas. They are versatile tools, with a wide field of application in any activity that entails a spatial component. The objective of this scientific resource is to perform an analysis of the use of technology for the data collection of geo-referenced points the effect that causes load and visualization time indexes for users under the comparison of two specific technologies, one of them Php and Ajax resulting in the recognition of the best technology and possible failure causes that make the processes much faster and when this does not happen.

The field of corporate governance is at a crossroads. Over the years, research on corporate governance was tremendously focused on large firms whilst according less importance to other categories of enterprises. Since 2000, researchers (Charreaux; Hirigoyen; Amann; Gomez…) have begun recognizing the interest of governance for family firms. In fact, family firms represent a significant social and economic institution in both emerging and advanced economies. Family firms are considered as a specific research field because of the intersection between family and firm systems. Otherwise, social capital in family firms is especially important. In fact, family firms share many similarities with social capital. Moreover, social capital indicators such as trustworthiness, shared vision, unique language, culture, external relationships and strong social ties may appear in family SME. Accordingly, the strong presence of social capital in family SME helps to practically decrease governance costs. This idea implies that social capital should be considered as an informal mechanism of governance that decreases governance costs and is supposed to have a central role in value creation within the family SME.

The goal of students admitted to a given course of study is to arrive within the prescribed time at the end of the cycle. Under these conditions, any abandonment is considered as a loss, even if the pupil who interrupts his studies before being at the end of the cycle has acquired knowledge that has raised his level of education. In the same way repetition, although allowing the recovery is considered as loss because it reduces the capacity of reception of the classes and thus prevents other children to be admitted there or to cause overpopulation of student. The burden of drop-out and repetition appears in the input / output ratio as a measure of school performance. The objective of this research is to determine the degree of effectiveness of the training system at the Maranata Institute in 2012-2016, then to realize that the reconstituted cohort proves that students who have started a cycle are certified at the end. of it. That is, to analyze the non-monetary performance of the training system within this institution. While the efficiency of the educational system is our concern, let us say that this is the ability of this system to achieve the objectives it prefixes. This one apprehends both internally and externally.

This study demonstrates the analysis of knowledge, practices and attitudes of market gardeners in the city of Kinshasa regarding the use of pesticides and their impact on human health and the environment. It covered 8 selected vegetable sites including Cecomaf, Rifflaert, Lemba-Imbu, Monastery, Saïo, Tshuenge, Mombele and Kimpoko among the 27 listed for a quantitative survey type CAP structured 740 market gardeners. All gardeners surveyed systematically use pesticides including organophosphorus commonly known as "Thiodan" (94.6%). The majority of market gardeners (94.9%) have not received any training on the use of plant protection products and do not have a good knowledge of application rates and treatment frequencies. The diversity of phytosanitary treatment methods is explained by the lack of training and especially by the lack of supervision of market gardeners that could have mitigated the harmful effects on the human environment such as vertigo, nasal congestion, colds, redness, eyes, nausea and vomiting ..., and the physical environment.

In developing countries, household waste management is a critical concern and tends to deteriorate in a context of rapid urbanization. Thus, due to lack of financial resources and adequate materials, people use various inappropriate methods to evacuate household waste. To mitigate the harmful effects of these improper practices, the valuation of these is essential in the city of Yamoussoukro. Despite a clear desire of local authorities, the management of household waste remains a major problem and leads the city to a situation of insalubrity of extreme gravity. It was revealed that a series of shortcomings related to lack of financial means and adequate budget, lack of materials and techniques, lack of expertise in waste management, insufficient awareness of the institutional and legal obstacles, largely explains the inefficiency of the system currently used in Yamoussoukro. The article contributes to the improvement of household waste management in Yamoussoukro. Moreover, it makes an inventory of solid household waste management in Yamoussoukro with the aim of improving the current management system. Drawing on international experiences and models on the subject, the work proposes institutional, legal, regulatory, technical and financial elements in order to achieve efficient and sustainable management of solid household waste in the urban space of Yamoussoukro.

This article deals with the performance of pupils of the 5th and 6th Biochemistry in the learning on the preparation of titrated solutions in analytical chemistry by the Investigative Approach. The implementation of this approach was the subject of a study in the framework of our doctoral thesis in didactics of chemistry, motivated by the lack of conceptual, practical and epistemological learning caused by the classical method of teaching -learning. The study aimed to propose learning activities to arouse interest of pupils in learning analytical chemistry and to incite them to carry out best performances. In the end, the thesis has shown that the investigative approach is one of the appropriate methods to improve the performance of the students concerned in the above-mentioned learning.

Since the time of the late President Joseph Désiré Mobutu, the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo, a state with geographically sub-continental dimensions, has always been the object of external greed and threats by repeated rebellions and often maintained. North Kivu, one of the districts of the former Kivu region and currently one of the twenty-six provinces of that state, has recently benefited from the intervention of the UN force to put an end to this cycle of insecurity. It is in this context that we called ourselves to reflect by instructing ourselves on the role of the Congolese State in the intervention of the UN force in this part of the country. Thus, the results of the study showed that political authorities are striving to build a strong republican army to eradicate insecurity and killings in order to restore peace and think about good governance. To tell the truth, the Congolese state will have to equip itself with a strong and dissuasive army to pacify the whole of its territory. The United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in Congo (MONUSCO) will have to reorient or even reshape its support, as the major powers and other international structures take advantage of the situation to make a good profit.

The survey conducted as part of our thesis work in chemistry didactics showed that during the implementation of the investigative approach in the preparation of titrated solutions in analytical chemistry, the scientific documentary resources at disposal of 6th biochemistry students don’t influence their interest to learn chemistry and don’t improve the understanding of subjects taught. However, the availability of a laboratory at school has a positive impact on the trainings. The survey also showed that the influence on learning varies according to factors such as gender and education network of 6th biochemistry students. Our wish is that the investigative approach as a teaching –learning approach be implemented and in classes of 3rd all sections of secondary schools in order to objectively grasp the students’ interest in learning.

The automobile insurance is an important branch of non-life insurance in many countries. In some of them, coming first in the composition of the total income of the insurance branch (in Algeria for example). The implementation of the Bonus-Malus system is one of the solutions chosen by insurance companies to increase efficiency in the field of automobile insurance. The main purpose of this study is to use the Markov chain theories to calculate the relative premiums associated with each level of the Algerian Bonus-Malus system. These premiums will generally depend on the priori ratemaking. The first result of this research is that, the system of automobile a priori ratemaking used in Algeria is not optimal because of the difference found between the tariff variables used by the insurance companions (gender, use and power vehicle tax) and the tariff variables generated by applying the Poisson model using the GEE technique. In addition, in our work, two Bonus-Malus systems with 9 classes based on the Markov Chain theory have been calibrated, where only the penalty changes according to the type of Bonus-Malus system, and we concluded that the priori ratemaking influenced the scale obtained.

This work aims at the understanding of the petrogenesis of Lukoshian metamorphic formations in the Kisenge aera. Here are presented detailed petrographic study of the gneisses and amphiboles of this sector and the new geochemical data of major elements as well as a sketch of the geological map of the study area. The macroscopic petrographic study has distinguished, in the gneisses of the Kisenge sector, two lithological facies which are gneisses and granitic gneisses. And quartz veins are observed in amphiboles. The geochemical study on basis of major elements revealed that these gneisses derived from a metamorphic evolution of granites and granodiorites of calc-alkaline series. They are therefore formed in a geodynamic context of subduction. While the amphiboles are of basic composition, resulting from the metaborphism of gabbro.

Currently with the evolution of manufacturing technology such as high speed machining additive manufacturing... where mechanical parts are mass produced in industrial production, and the workload of traditional manual control is heavy and imprecise, the control efficiency is low, a contactless control system based on image processing is presented. The control system hardware includes a light source, optical microscope and computer, the control system adopts the transmitted illumination to highlight the contour function of mechanical parts. The pretreatment is first done to the image captured by the Matlab software, then threshold segmentation and edge contour extraction are conducted; and finally, to improve geometric element detection accuracy, which is based on the Hough transformation algorithm. The results show the validity of the method and the feasibility of the algorithm in the system, it improves the efficiency of the measuring system and performs the measurement in line without contact of mechanical parts.

In this article, we explore the proximity or even the complicity that exists between the animal world and the human world in the Moose of Burkina Faso through the distribution of thoughts, proposals and philosophies to animals. This phenomenon may be perceived as a sociological fact or a cultural vehicle that is not only available from oral genres and media but also on the basis of the wildlife, ecological and cultural heritage of this community. Part of the hypothesis that the attribution of proposals makes it possible to denounce the faults of men without frustration and to influence the social and cultural life of Moose, the study comes to the conclusion that, indeed, these propositions are social realities and of oral literature having an undeniable impact on the social life of the skin by playing the role of cultural and identity imprints, by expressing the realities of the environment, by containing values, customs, habits of this community and in objective of moaaga education. Finally, the study proposes to revalorize by judiciously exploiting the channels which are the media, the cinema, the Internet, the writing for the fixer and bringing it closer to the young generation.

The African Mosaic of the Cassava is a disease caused by a geminivirus transmitted by the white fly (Bemisia tabaci) in the intertropical zone. This virus contributes to significant drops of the output of the cassava in several African countries, of which the Democratic republic of Congo, where the reduction in the production would be currently allotted to him. For better appreciating the importance of its effects, a study was conducted on fields of cassava to Kindu and its hinterlands in the province of Maniema as a Democratic republic of Congo of 2017-2018. Parameters related to the disease (the incidence, the foliar rate of attacks, the index of gravity of the symptoms and the loss of output) were studied. The study carried out with Kindu showed an average incidence of the disease of 72.26% and one average rate of foliar attack of 75.41%. For the other sites/localities retained the incidences of the disease varied from 91.7% (Mikonde Pk5); 86.6% (Kampala Pk 11); 83.28% (Katako Pk7); 74.62% (Shenge Pk4); 73.38% (Lukungu Pk7) with 38.04% (Lwama Pk7), whereas the rate of foliar attack of the sick seedlings by sites varied from 85.48% to 53% is an average of 72%. In addition, 74.6% of the seedlings studied expressed the disease. Sick seedlings have IGS (Index of Gravity of the Symptoms) worrying (2 to 5), likely cause a drop in the production in the studied zones. The economic impact of the African mosaic resulted in a loss of output at the level of the tubers reducing to a significant degree the efforts of the country farmers. The results got in this study show a relatively worrying situation clearly, deserving a constant intervention. The characterization of the virus, the agronomic research and the creation of the new varieties of cassava tolerant and/or resistant to the African mosaic would prove to be essential.

Instead of being misled by degrading practices with unsubmitted, the units of the traffic police would play the persuasive role. They would, in fact, help drivers to avoid bad behavior while driving. In the context of the excessive delinquency of drivers, it would be better to apply persuasive communication in the model of likely elaboration. This model will allow all drivers to be familiar with messages having the persuasive power in pushing those of the central traffic as well as the peripheral ones to manifest a positive change in their behavior (though they are strongly or weakly implicated) with regards to cognitive or/and affective factors.

The study aims to analyze the management, diversity and the uses of shade trees and then to evaluate the carbon stock in the woody biomass of cocoa and rubber farms. Density and diversity of shade trees were evaluated in 54 plots of 2500 m2 each, distributed in different cocoa and rubber farms which age varies from one year to more than 15 years. In addition, an investigation was carried out among the peasants to determine the uses of shade trees. The amount of carbon stored in woody biomass of these farms is calculated using allometric models of biomass. In total, 20 species of shade trees were inventoried in cocoa farms and 10 in rubber farms. Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. and Persea Americana Mill. are the most important species of these agrosystems. In general, the shade trees provide medical and food products, firewood and timber to farmers. These trees also prevent desiccation of young crop plants and provide nitrogen to soil. The average amount of carbon stored in woody biomass ranges from 50.85 to 145.14 tC/ha in cocoa farms and from 7.04 to 176.68 tC/ha in rubber farms. Shade trees contribute more than 87 % of this amount of carbon in cocoa farms, and only about 17 % in rubber farms. Agroforestry practice in perennial farms contributing to the conservation of multipurpose tree species and would boost the carbon stock in the agricultural sector.

Reproduction and natural mortality of Polynemids (Polydactylus quadrifilis, Galeoides decadactylus and Pentanemus quinquarius) have been study through weighing and the catches of sizes of those caught by the marine artisanal fishermen in Grand Lahou (Côte d’Ivoire). Study of the monthly variations of gonado-somatic-idex (GIS) showed that the threadfins recur during the dry season, from november to march. Those of liver-somatic-index (LSI) and factor condition (K) indicated that these fishes use their liver and muscles reserves to develop gonad. Length at first maturity was estimated based on the P logistic model. The Polynemids die massively during the raining season (april to october), which constitute the cold periods of the year.

Introduction: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious condition resulting from an individual's confrontation with a traumatic event. Thus, this confrontation can be at the origin of a shake-up of the three personal convictions of the individual, namely the invulnerability, the protective environment and the other helping person. Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder in Senegalese peacekeepers on peacekeeping missions in Darfur. Methods: The study was transversal, descriptive and analytical, which took place from 19 April to 20 May 2013. It involved a closed population of 940 Senegalese peacekeepers stationed in Darfur as part of the United Nations Joint Mission and the African Union in Darfur (UNAMID). Data were collected at the workplace using a self-administered questionnaire after free and informed consent. A logistic regression was performed to explore the factors associated with PTSD through odds ratios and their confidence intervals. Results: A total of 536 individuals were surveyed. The mean age was 38.21 years (± 9.22). The average tenure in the profession was 15.36 years (± 9.41). The average length of stay in Darfur was 9.70 months (± 1.97). The majority of them represented the military (82.1%), the non-commissioned officers (50.8%) and most of them volunteered for the mission (77%). There was 19.8% of high emotional exhaustion. The prevalence of PTSD was 25.7% (138 individuals), of whom 30 had high PTSD and 34 peacekeepers had moderate PTSD. Adjusted PTSD factors were the experience of a traumatic situation with loss of life (OR = 1.9 [1.1 - 3.2]), a state of high emotional exhaustion (OR = 2.5 [1.3 - 4.7]), the desire to leave the profession (OR = 2.2 [1.1 - 4.4]) and recurrent health concerns (OR = 3.6 [2.1 - 6.0]). Discussion: Post-traumatic stress disorder in Senegalese peacekeepers is linked to factors such as the experience of psychic trauma and emotional exhaustion at work. Military health care workers should look for PTSD in the face of sudden will to quit and multiple somatizations. For a better mental health of the Senegalese peacekeepers, the working atmosphere should be improved by putting in place a better communication strategy, train the health workers in the management of the stress and reinforce the device by integrating to the contingents a team of psychosocial assistance.

The Banana Bunchy Top Disease (BBTD), caused by the Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV), is one of the important banana diseases in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It drastically reduces the production and diversity of bananas. This study focused on the production of banana and plantain planting materials free of BBTV from plants infected by micro-propagation and macro-propagation. 15 suckers of cultivars Litete [plantain (Musa AAB), French type)], Libanga Likale [plantain (Musa AAB) False Horn type)] and Bluggoe (Musa ABB) were used for micro-propagation and 15 others for macro-propagation. These suckers were collected from banana mats with stages 4 or 5 of BBTD symptoms. The Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium augmented with 30 g glucose, vitamins, 1 μM of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) and 10μM of 6-Benzyl aminopurine (BAP) was used for micro-propagation. The plants resulting from stem fragments was used for macro-propagation. After 5 subcultures in micro-propagation, the sanitation rate was 76.6% for Litete, 66.6% for Libanga Likale and 76.6% for Bluggoe. After macro-propagation, the rate was 27.5% for Litete, 6.6% for Libanga Likale and 73.3% for Bluggoe. These results indicate that the proliferation rate increases the chance to clean up infected planting material explaining why macro-propagation is less effcient than micro-propagation.

Mountainous South Kivu has potential but its exploitation is subject to constraints of various kinds. The living conditions of households are bad. Poverty affects more than seven out of ten households. The majority of the population works in agriculture, but income they derive from it is considered insignificant. This study presents the results of an analysis of food security factors in 288 households in Kabare, Kaziba, Luhwinja and Ngweshe. It took place in the first half of 2018. In this study area, food production is confirmed to be insufficient and can’t ensure food self-sufficiency. The majority of households own land ranging from 0.1 to 0.9 ha (43.1% of households); the external dependence of households is high (on average 9 months of deficiency); only 12.7% of households receive food aid; income is estimated at $ 0.7 / person / day; the available infrastructure is faulty and insufficient; the households take 2 meals a day (morning and evening) considered unbalanced but in sufficient quantity; the probability of having malnourished children aged 0-5 years is 16%, while acute malnutrition is 33%, compared with severe malnutrition of 22.3% for an estimated food insecure population of 55%. , 3%. This situation is exacerbated by climate disruptions and significant distortions in agricultural product markets. Therefore, it is recommended to support and support in an efficient and effective way the revival of agropastoral production which must be at the center of the provincial strategy of food security. However, no agricultural and pastoral revival will be possible without a more active presence of the State.

In the DR Congo and more particularly in the Center-Eastern part, the populations of both urban and rural areas are experiencing signs such as the late and sometimes sudden return of rains, high temperatures, unusual drought and a disruption of the agricultural calendar. This study consisted of analyzing meteorological data from 1980 to 2016 in the Bukavu region around Lake Kivu; changes in the water levels of this lake, yield of cassava, beans, corn and potatoes from 1992 to 2015 to determine if there have been climatic disturbances and their consequences in agriculture. These data were coupled with those of a survey of 90 households to analyze their perceptions of climate change and resilience practices. The results show that the majority of crops in Central - East DRC suffer from biotic and / or abiotic stresses due to the effectiveness of climatic disturbances. The component factor analysis of the evolution of the agricultural yield of the four crops testifies that climatic changes have partial impact on yields with consequences the appearance of poorly controlled diseases of some plants, an ever-decreasing diminution of the agricultural production, the persistence of malnutrition in households, etc. The resilience strategies developed by households are the adoption of the Integrated Management of Soil Fertility package and the reorganization of the agricultural calendar.

The aerobic dechlorination of chlordecone by bacteria from agricultural organochlorine-used soil of Cameroon South-West region is reported. Selection of microorganism strains having great affinity and/or resistant to chlordecone has been carried out. The effects of physicochemical factors (pH, chlordecone amount, incubation time and temperature) on bacteria growth and the biodegradation of chlordecone were investigated. A Bacillus strain has been isolated and was able to resist and grow with chlordecone as sole carbon source. Among physicochemical parameters studied, chlordecone amount had not significant effect on the Bacillus growth in synthetic medium. Free chlorine obtained after incubation of Bacillus sp in the presence of 1 µg/mL of chlordecone as sole carbon source showed a maximum released after 10 days, equivalent to dechlorination of 19.5% of total chlorine in the synthetic medium. This report is the first relative to chlordecone dechlorination under aerobic conditions by Bacillus strain from African ecosystems.

Branded drugs are more expensive than locally marketed drugs. The aim of this present study was to evaluate and compare dissolution pattern of locally branded drug products of Levocetirizine dihydrochloride of regional pharmaceutical companies available in Bangladesh with the reputed brand of Levocetirizine 2HCl (Purotrol®) marketed by Square pharmaceuticals Ltd. Four different brands of Levocetirizine 2HCl tablets and Purotrol® were collected from a reputed pharmacy store, then evaluated and compared subsequently. Five tablets from each of the brands were used for the in-vitro dissolution study. Cumulative drug release was measured up to 30 minutes for all the brands. Differential factor, f1 and similarity factor, f2 were determined. Significant difference was observed for in-vitro drug release pattern of local brands with respect to Purotrol®. Here it was found that the values of f1 are 25.11, 26.08 and 15.52 for brand B, C, and D respectively so it is not acceptable. Only brand A has f1 value less than 15 (13.7) therefore that is accepted. In case of similarity factor it was seen that the values of f2 are 44.79, 37.54, 30.77 and 16.27 for brand A, B, C, and D respectively, so it is also not acceptable. Significant difference was observed during in-vitro drug release pattern of B, C and D with from Purotrol®. Manufacturer of brand B, C, and D are advised to revise their drug release pattern to be more similar with Purotrol®.

The role of textbook is self-evident in both teaching and learning English. It provides authentic material and also furnishes a roadmap to achieve set goals. Evaluating English textbooks through Teachers’ perceptions would help to highlight strengths and weaknesses of a textbook being used at a particular educational level. This paper presents an analysis and evaluation of Intermediate English textbook-1(prose) published by Sindh textbook board Jamshoro, from the perspective of teachers. A questionnaire adapted from the checklists by Litz (2005) and Mc Donough and Shaw (2003) were used to collect data from 50 lecturers, teaching English at different government and private colleges of district Sanghar & Hyderabad city, (Pakistan). The English textbook was evaluated from 5 different perspectives i.e. physical layouts, outlay of objectives, pedagogic analysis, language skills and appropriacy. The results suggest many problematic areas where the textbook needs drastic changes regarding its unattractive appearance, imbalance of four language skills and outdated material. The findings accentuate the need to totally change the material by the authors that would greatly contribute to introduce a highly productive textbook at intermediate level.

The present work focuses on the electrocoagulation treatment of an Evans blue solution (B.E). Of the four bottom salts (KCl, NaCl, Na2SO4, K2SO4) used for the treatment, it appears that, for an optimum charge density of 2.33 F/m3 and a voltage set at 1.5V, potassium chloride (KCl) provides the best abatement rate (95.5%). The variation of the pH of the solution reveals that the best abatement rates are obtained for the basic pH. pH 9 is optimal for treatment whereas for pH values above 10, inefficiency is noted. The speed of the treatment increases with the density of the applied current, the treatment is efficient and the energy cost is limited for a current density value set at 20 mA/ cm2. For the same set values of charge density and voltage, the abatement rate is inversely proportional to the concentration of B.E, and aluminum is better suited as electrode material, compared to iron.

Night work in hospitals, despite its many negative psychosomatic, occupational and social repercussions, remains very little evaluated in African countries, and particularly in Senegal. The objective of this study was to evaluate its various repercussions on the health and socio-professional life of workers. For this, we conducted a cross-sectional and descriptive study over a period of 3 months using anonymous questionnaires. Our sample included health professionals performing night watch. A total of 65 had participated in the study. Women accounted for 63%. State nurses were more numerous (44.7%). The average age was 34.2 years old. The average seniority in night work was 7.1 years. 55.4% of workers felt comfortable with this type of schedule, compared with 44.6% feeling disrupted. 74.6% preferred daytime work. Several impacts of night work were identified. They were physiological, with poor sleep quality (48.4%), insufficient sleep duration (42.2%), menstrual disorders (24.7% of women). On the psychological level, stress (52.3%), temperamental disorders (26.5%), anxiety and depression (7.7%) were found. The somatic effects were chronic fatigue (100%), cardiovascular symptoms, weight disorders (46.1%). On a professional level, the nocturnal victims of blood exposure accidents accounted for 36.5%. On the social level, 42.2% reported disruptions in their family life. Thus, regular medical and psychological monitoring of night workers is fundamental.

The present topic has as object to wonder about the faculty of the civil responsibility to govern the indemnification of the third victims by rebound of the contractual non execution. Doesn't this preoccupation knock the principle of the relative effect of the conventions? It has a results a Congolese Right constant, the presence of numerous difficulties application so much such material right than right formal to the repair the prejudices, it require to adapt the right of the responsibility possibly the specificities of the compensation of damages by rebound contractual : apart from families criteria’s and extra families limitation of indirect victims, an application of the main principles that make the responsibility of the contractors towards the unknown or the third party proves to be even more applicable. Thus, the ideology of the compensation for damage and the constitutionalizing of the civil law, the principle of the opposability of the contract should be analyzed in two ways. First, of the contractor's side, this one has the right to opposes this contract to the unknow partner in crime of the non-execution. Then, of the side of the unknown victim, that also has legal right to repair consisting in opposing the contract to the contracting parts in places of damaging non executed. It is just in relation with this last aspect that by the jurisprudence and the doctrine haggard been conceived of the motor principles bound to the generating fact of responsibility of the faltering contractor towards the third party. Thus, of thesis controversial principles of stipulation heart others tacit, of group of contracts, of the relativity of the faults contractual and intentional and the one of the identity of this faults; it was necessary to relay to the “ theory of the assimilation moderated faults contractual and extracontractual ", that seem appropriate in responsibility Congolese law . By the way, “the principle contract with protective effects for the third party " of the German law that can inspires our law pertinently. This motor principles should find the action to repair of the prejudice by indirect victim contractual. Therefore, the third indirect victims, being near will have the right to choose between the foundation extracontractual or contractual. The judge will always appreciate supremely the case submitted to him.

The Commissioning sector has been trying to implement the prioritization of the equipment's, instrumentation and piping installation and assembly activities based in its systems and subsystems. In general, the prioritization of these activities is carried out differently between the Construction and Assembly sector and the Commissioning sector. Thus, this work aims to analyze which of these prioritization approaches is the most effective in terms of project final delivery time, as it is verified that there are many conflicts regarding the prioritization of these activities between these two sectors. That said, it’s important to state that the Construction and Assembly sector prioritizes the quantitative measurement of a certain period of work aiming financial responses, while the Commissioning sector prioritizes activities that are really essential and that impact the deployment of the FPSO (Floating Production Storage and Offloading) platform, so that it can start the process of obtaining the first oil. Hence, for the accomplishment of this work, the Experimental Study Method was used, in which 5 common subsystems between 2 similar FPSO platform projects were analyzed. In each case the prioritization of the installation and assembly activities of the equipment, instruments and pipes was elaborated respectively by the Construction and Assembly sector (project A) and by the Commissioning sector (project B). Comparative rundown curves were generated between projects A and B, where the manpower allocation efficiency generated by the Commissioning through the priority systems was verified.

A study of microalgae of the Bandama River was carried out from samples taken from February to October 2013 using 20 μm mesh wide plankton net. This study uses a light microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (M.E.B.) which allows a better observation of the fine structure of the walls of the organisms. Seventy-five (75) taxa were identified, distributed among 27 genera, 13 families, 4 order and 2 classes. Among these, 12 taxa are mentioned for the first time in the algae flora of Côte d'Ivoire. This study contributes to increase our knowledge on Chlorophyta. Results of this study can be used for teaching and algae taxonomy studies.

The water resources of the Volta watershed in Côte d'Ivoire are often destined for human consumption and the development of agro-pastoral or industrial activities. This study aims to characterize climate variability and its consequences and to analyze the dynamics of land-use on the water resources of this basin, from hydrological models and GIS. Since the rainfall decline, observed during the years 1963 to 1970, several periods of drought have been observed and have caused the disappearance of plant species, some water bodies and some areas of groundwater recharge. The determined rainfall during the period 1936 to 2002 is 1102.86mm with only a surplus of 87.30mm of which 5.68% is destined for surface runoff and 2.23% for groundwater recharge. The flow rate of rivers from 1990 to 1993 is 1.39m3.s-1 with a drying up coefficient of 6.95.10-2 j-1 and a mobilized water volume by aquifers of only 0.028km3. These parameters determine a low hydraulic potential of the basin. Dominated by tree savannah or shrubby savannah (81.17%) in 1990, the degradation of the vegetation cover of the basin has had adverse effects on water resources. However, until the year 2000, the regeneration of gallery forest and dense tree savannah (from 8.48% to 16.01%) will favor the reconstitution of some water bodies. Thus, for an effective rehabilitation of the environment, it will be necessary to reinforce the strategic plans for adaptation to climate variability.

Introduction: The pelvis fractures are frequent fractures in relation to generally violent traumas seen their frequencies. Thus, we undertook this work with the objective of determining the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic profile of the pelvis fractures in Butembo town. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study based on a literature review during 5 years. Results: During our study, we found a frequency of 5.29% of cases of pelvis fractures or 37 cases in a population of 699 patients with fractures. The male sex was the most affected with a proportion of 59.5%. Pelvis fractures are most common in young adults aged 21-40 (45.9%). Drivers, farmers and students were the most affected with a frequency of 21.6%. Road traffic accidents were the leading cause of pelvis fractures in 67.6% of cases followed by work’s accidents with 10.8%. Fractures of pubis are the most common with a frequency of 32.4%. Pelvis fractures were more associated with bone fractures of limbs, with a frequency of 48.7% followed by cranio encephalic trauma (CET) in 21.6%. Orthopedic treatment is most indicated in 62.9%. 1/3 of the patients had unstable hemodynamic. 83.8% of patients with pelvis fractures were discharged from hospital with an improved condition. Conclusion: Pelvis fractures remain a public health problem; the frequency of these fractures is increasing in Butembo town given the high number of road accidents; and the mortality associated with them is not negligible.