People with disabilities are vulnerable and need humanitarian assistance for their social inclusion. This facilitates their effective empowerment as actors in their own development, interacting with their living environment. In this way, they make use of their spontaneous/natural resilience to take ownership of any process that can strengthen their capacity for action.However, if, on the one hand, they are the hub of the success of the programs carried out in their favor, external contributions, as factors of induced/assisted resilience and reinforcement mentors, are indispensable to stabilize their empowerment. Programs of assistance, with a view to strengthening their capacity for action and choice, are implemented. They continue, unfortunately, to vegetate in dependency and to convey a culture of chronic poverty. Hence a questioning of the kind of humanitarian assistance policy that has been put in place.Through an inductive approach that has combined field data with that of the bibliography, it emerges that humanitarian assistance remains at the level of survival. The results of the various programmes implemented are mixed. People with disabilities evolve in a vicious circle of non-emancipatory and complicit compassionate assistance.To get out of this, a model of meso-centric policy is presented as an alternative, to help rehabilitation actors to set up better adapted support policies.

In the daily life of people with a motor disability, their support depends on certain parameters that society looks at. Promoting their integration and capabilities also means facilitating access to basic services and taking a critical look at the social and environmental factors that influence their emancipation. This makes it possible to transcend the stereotypical image that other members of the community have of them and to strengthen the tools for self-empowerment available to them.In keeping with the United Nations motto «full participation and equality», PSHMs should no longer play a passive role. They are actors on an equal footing with other members of society. And in addition to strengthening their skills through various social mechanisms that have been put in place, they capitalize on the opportunities that are offered to them, in order to guide their choices with regard to the kind of life they consider fulfilling.These opportunities appear first and foremost as factors on which the process of their empowerment is based. Secondly, they provide them with mentors who support and strengthen their access to further fulfilment.This reflection aims, on the one hand, to circumscribe the factors of empowerment in the process of inclusion of PSHMs in the province of North Kivu, and on the other hand, to highlight the different tutors that strengthen their capacities.The approach adopted focused on data collection, using a triangulation method, combining the questionnaire, interviews and opinion polls of members of families in which PSHMs live, but also of rehabilitation care providers. The study used snowball sampling, both in the different neighbourhoods where they live and in the institutions where PSHMs are cared for.

This article deals specifically with the limitations of the performance of poverty reduction strategies, due to the ways of doing things and taking responsibility by the various stakeholders who interact in this process, including the public authorities (the Congolese State), NGDOs, technical and financial partners (TFPs), households benefiting from poverty reduction projects and their local leaders. It is the empirical method and the documentary analysis that were used with the support of direct, ordinary and participatory observations. A questionnaire survey was operationalized through individual interviews and qualified informants. The sample (simple stratified but proportional and representative) included heads of development structures (384) and heads of beneficiary households (at least 633), i.e. a total of 1020 subjects at most. In reality, the public authority (State) is less on the side of the NGDOs, leaving them to do as they wish and with no control, or without quality control, when there is any. It does not often ask for accounts on what is being done on the ground and does not follow it. Many NGDOs do not manage the resources made available to them with rigour and sensitivity, with the result that many NGDOs often miss their pre-defined development objectives, with the consequence that the living conditions of their beneficiaries do not improve. The TFPs do not assume all their responsibilities with regard to the financial and technical support they provide (audit and accountability requirements, partnership with public technical services to facilitate joint technical supervision when possible, etc.). There is also a kind of guilty silence on the part of beneficiary households and their local leaders on what is being done, irresponsible participation and sometimes even bad complicity with certain technical facilitators mandated by these NGDOs in the field. An intelligent integration of the two appropriate « upstream » and « downstream » perspectives would help to improve the performance of poverty reduction strategies in South Kivu/DR Congo.

This paper discusses the contextual factors related to the NGDO working environment that limit the performance of poverty reduction strategies. The research used empirical method and literature review with the help of direct, routine and participant observation. A questionnaire survey was based on individual interviews and qualified informants. The sample included two targets: those in charge of development structures (384) and heads of beneficiary households (at least 633), i.e. a total of 1020 subjects at most. This sample was stratified in a simple but proportional and representative manner. According to their statistical significance and Cramer's V value, factors related to gender integration, the age of clients and their level of education were the most determining factors in this performance, followed by those related to site safety versus shelf accessibility. Factors related to accountability; the quality of public governance at the site, the regularity and quality of checks on the results produced came next. The quality of resource management by NGDOs and the quality of interactions between parties came next, followed by factors related to distance and the growing poverty of clients. A vision oriented towards advocacy/lobbying and a very strong «Public-NGO-poor client partnership» but decentralizing the work, developing the capacity for socio-economic self-sufficiency and democratizing public debate on the issue, is necessary to improve this performance.

Mountainous South Kivu has potential but its exploitation is subject to constraints of various kinds. The living conditions of households are bad. Poverty affects more than seven out of ten households. The majority of the population works in agriculture, but income they derive from it is considered insignificant. This study presents the results of an analysis of food security factors in 288 households in Kabare, Kaziba, Luhwinja and Ngweshe. It took place in the first half of 2018. In this study area, food production is confirmed to be insufficient and can’t ensure food self-sufficiency. The majority of households own land ranging from 0.1 to 0.9 ha (43.1% of households); the external dependence of households is high (on average 9 months of deficiency); only 12.7% of households receive food aid; income is estimated at $ 0.7 / person / day; the available infrastructure is faulty and insufficient; the households take 2 meals a day (morning and evening) considered unbalanced but in sufficient quantity; the probability of having malnourished children aged 0-5 years is 16%, while acute malnutrition is 33%, compared with severe malnutrition of 22.3% for an estimated food insecure population of 55%. , 3%. This situation is exacerbated by climate disruptions and significant distortions in agricultural product markets. Therefore, it is recommended to support and support in an efficient and effective way the revival of agropastoral production which must be at the center of the provincial strategy of food security. However, no agricultural and pastoral revival will be possible without a more active presence of the State.

In the DR Congo and more particularly in the Center-Eastern part, the populations of both urban and rural areas are experiencing signs such as the late and sometimes sudden return of rains, high temperatures, unusual drought and a disruption of the agricultural calendar. This study consisted of analyzing meteorological data from 1980 to 2016 in the Bukavu region around Lake Kivu; changes in the water levels of this lake, yield of cassava, beans, corn and potatoes from 1992 to 2015 to determine if there have been climatic disturbances and their consequences in agriculture. These data were coupled with those of a survey of 90 households to analyze their perceptions of climate change and resilience practices. The results show that the majority of crops in Central - East DRC suffer from biotic and / or abiotic stresses due to the effectiveness of climatic disturbances. The component factor analysis of the evolution of the agricultural yield of the four crops testifies that climatic changes have partial impact on yields with consequences the appearance of poorly controlled diseases of some plants, an ever-decreasing diminution of the agricultural production, the persistence of malnutrition in households, etc. The resilience strategies developed by households are the adoption of the Integrated Management of Soil Fertility package and the reorganization of the agricultural calendar.