The tropical world is experiencing an unprecedented climate crisis. This is most often approached from the angle of excess or scarcity of rain. Temperatures are relegated to the background. However, they play a major role in the balance of environments.This article is a contribution on the phenomenon of climate change by focusing on thermal data. It puts in opposition a station close to the coast (Ziguinchor) and another more continental (Kolda). With simple tools (annual normal, seasonal and annual average, Pettitt and Mann-Kendal test), the recent thermal evolution of the study area was analyzed. This study shows an increase in temperatures since the 1970s, the existence of breaks and an increasing trend in the thermal series around the 1990s, but also a higher sensitivity of Ziguinchor to global warming.

The Niayes area is home to the Quaternary sands of the northern Senegalese coastline. It offers economic potentialities such as it attracts industry and farmer. Thus, the pressures of anthropogenic origins combined with pejorative climatic conditions, expose it to environmental and social risks, to the extent that the vulnerability of groundwater to pollution calls on researchers and decision-makers. The study presented in this article aims to assess the level of groundwater vulnerability to pollution, using three methods: DRASTIC, SINTACS and SI. The Arc Gis software was used. The parameters used as input data include hydraulic conductivity, static groundwater level, soil type, topographic slope and recharge. Several degrees of vulnerability are identified from south to north ranging from "low" to "high". It is noteworthy that the further away from the coast, the lower the vulnerability and the overall vulnerability of the area, with high-vulnerability areas. To validate our results, we have superimposed a map of nitrate concentration with those of the vulnerabilities to see the most suitable method with this type of pollutant. Comparison of the different results makes it possible to deduce that the SI method is the most appropriate for the assessment of the vulnerability to nitrate pollution, with a 70% coincidence rate between the nitrate concentrations and the different classes of vulnerability.

The objective of the present work is to contribute to the study and the numerical modelling of the hydric erosion in the plateau of Thiès: through an application to the watershed of Kissane, according to the USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) model. The establishment of the USLE model requires data on the topography, the land use, the climatology and the pedology. One of the major difficulties in the elaboration of the model was the collection of relevant data. Indeed, the rural commune of Noto more exactly the village of Kissane is relatively little informated by the scientific bibliography. The geographical reference data on the topography, the precipitation, the land use either non-existent, or incomplete or obsolete on a small scale and the geo-referenced digital data are even rarer. The study, the combination of the data and in the modelling were operated in a Geographical Information System (GIS). Every factor is a digital estimation of a precise component that affects the gravity of the soil erosion in a given place. The realization of the land use map from the visual interpretation assisted by GIS, from the satellite imaging Landsat that covers the watershed of Kissane facilitated the extraction of the vegetation cover map, what allowed defining with more precision the most sensitive areas with erosion risk.

The Niayes area is an agricultural region where market gardeners use a lot of fertilizers and pesticides. With irrigation, water infiltration can lead with it chemicals that can reach the groundwater that is used for drinking by the population and other domestics activities. The study presented in this paper is to assess the risk of contamination of the groundwater consecutive to the use of chemicals in the Niayes area. To perform this, we used the HYDRUS-1D software to model and visualize the spread of flow concentration of the constituent considered as pollutant from the soil surface to the water table. For pollutants we considered in our simulations, urea and NPK 46% mainly used in the Niayes area. The amounts of fertilizer considered in the simulations are those recommended by the Regional Agriculture Center of Thi