We get involved in the design of mobile application, using the IDE of Android Studio, generating a concise and interactive learning method through the concepts of the PMBOK Project Management Guide and SCRUM determined as a very practical and strengthened method in good management practices and agile processes the same ones that allow programmers to quickly identify an agile and concise flow to the customer's requirements, thus promoting knowledge of good project development practices. For this we also incur in the increase of our critical mass, the same one that will allow us to be objective and dynamic with focus of the optimization of the time in the Management and implementation.

The challenges for security sector reform in the DRC are manifold. From now on, they must be seen in the broader perspective of stabilizing territorial integrity and national sovereignty. These objectives have led to a number of issues: economic, territorial and end of conflict in the eastern provinces.

Pathological analysis of adobe (banco) constructed habitats in the city of N'Djamena in Chad shows that the most frequent defects observed are, among others, the abundant appearance of cracks, the erosion of external walls, water infiltration and subsidence. At different stages of identification for the choice of material (earth), brick production and its implementation, this work proposes simple and practical solutions to avoid the above mentioned defects resulting from traditional techniques. Thus, geotechnical tests are proposed to identify the right soil, rice bales must replace the straw for earth treatment and finally a foundation system (insulated sole - primer post - underbody wall - sill) of reinforced concrete must be constructed to ensure the stability of the structure.

The aim of this study is to identify how to achieve successful and effective advertising strategies by recognizing and studying the factors that affect the behavior of the consumer in order to design successful and effective advertising strategies. The study also aims at clarifying the aspects which the marketing management directrate should take care of to acieve these aims. The study adopted the descriptive analytical method. The study has come up with many results. The most important ones are the following: 1. The technological progress in information contributes to providing many opportunities to business organization because it offers new products and creates new markets. 2. The marketing opportunities can be through the excellence in all the components of the marketing mix (product, promotion, pricing). 3. Good knowledge about the consumer’s behavioral characteristics contributes to putting forward marketing and promotional strategies through which the business organizations can achieve huge competitive advantages.

Nutrient contents and antioxidant capacity of four tomato varieties (UC82 b, Amiral F1, locale cotelette and locale cerise) were determined by spectrophotometric method. Among these varieties, Amiral F1 had the highest antioxidant capacity with an EC50 of 3.47 mg/mL and rate of total polyphenols (17.5 mg/100 g GAE). In addition, locale cotelette was richer in lycopene (2.9 mg per 100 g of fresh tomatoes) and vitamin C (35.4 mg/100 g of fresh tomatoes) than other tomato varieties. The highest calcium (31 mg per 100 g of fresh tomatoes), magnesium (21 mg per 100 g of fresh tomatoes) and potassium (333 mg per 100 g of fresh tomatoes) contents were also observed for this variety in particular. The results highlighted that UC82 b was the best source of iron (0.065 mg per 100g of fresh tomatoes), phosphorus (23 mg per 100 g of fresh tomatoes), manganese (0.086 mg per 100 g of fresh tomatoes) and zinc (0.11 mg per 100 g of fresh tomatoes). This work showed that the different varieties of tomatoes studied have high antioxidant capacity. Thus, they could be used to prevent oxidative stress.

Among cereals, Sorghum is the most consumed as food in the Far North of Cameroon. Muskuwari, the off season sorghum, likely is attacked by stem borers (Sesamia cretica Lederer), which compromise its yield and reduce cereal supply. And yet ecological control measures to reduce losses are still little known. In order to identify resistant local accession of Muskuwari, tests in a Completely Randomized Block design was carried out on ten local varieties under natural infestations during the 2012 and 2013 agricultural campaign. Degrees of infestation were estimated by visual observation and destructive methods. Each year, Seed losses in term of percentage of total harvest loosed, were estimated from 30 ears per variety randomly selected from infested and uninfected. The results showed a large variation in agronomic performance depending on the parameters considered. Mandouéri, Bourgouri, Tchangalari and Soukatari with infestation rates ranging from 4% to 11% and seed losses ranging from 0.96% to 23.42% are more tolerant or resistant than other varieties while Safra’s varieties are always the most susceptible to stem borers with over to 40% seed loss. Therefore, there are resistant or tolerant varieties of Muskuwari able to cope with the attacks of stem borers not exploited to mitigated damages. Since varietal resistance is an ecological and easily adoptable option, investigations that could lead to Muskuwari varietal improvement could boost cereal supply.

As energy supply and demand are unevenly distributed on the planet, it is necessary to find another solution to take over. It is now a question of using a cheap and economical source of energy because the protection of the environment has become an important issue. In this regard, renewables energies such as solar energy (sun), wind (wind) or hydraulic (water), geothermal (the heat of the earth's subsoil) considered as inexhaustible and easily exploitable energies appear as a solution to solve the problem. In Cameroon, for example, in the context of the use of solar energy and the opening up of energy in rural areas, the government has set up the electrification program of 1000 localities with solar photovoltaic system. The objective of this study was to identify through GIS and multi-criteria analysis, the suitable sites dedicated to the implementation of solar power stations in the Bélabo council in eastern Cameroon. The methodology consisted in the identification of the criteria (factors and constraints), in the classification and standardization of these criteria, and in their aggregation for the identification of suitable sites. This study has shown that 9% of the total area of Bélabo council has a high potential to be optimal areas for the installation of solar photovoltaic stations.

This article is meant to show to what extend the country of origin’s image affects the consumer’s purchasing behavior. To this end, a survey has been carried out over a sample of 204 households. The data obtained there from have been analyzed and processed through Pearson correlation coefficient. As a result, it happened that Cameroonian consumers are concerned at various levels with the characteristics of the originating country over the quality and the global assessment of the product. Therefore, when purchasing clothes, Cameroonian consumers carry a particular attention over the country of origin of the product (Made in). Particularly the democratic system of the concerned country, its life standard, the global quality of it products, its industrialization level and the country’s welfare.

The Niayes area is home to the Quaternary sands of the northern Senegalese coastline. It offers economic potentialities such as it attracts industry and farmer. Thus, the pressures of anthropogenic origins combined with pejorative climatic conditions, expose it to environmental and social risks, to the extent that the vulnerability of groundwater to pollution calls on researchers and decision-makers. The study presented in this article aims to assess the level of groundwater vulnerability to pollution, using three methods: DRASTIC, SINTACS and SI. The Arc Gis software was used. The parameters used as input data include hydraulic conductivity, static groundwater level, soil type, topographic slope and recharge. Several degrees of vulnerability are identified from south to north ranging from "low" to "high". It is noteworthy that the further away from the coast, the lower the vulnerability and the overall vulnerability of the area, with high-vulnerability areas. To validate our results, we have superimposed a map of nitrate concentration with those of the vulnerabilities to see the most suitable method with this type of pollutant. Comparison of the different results makes it possible to deduce that the SI method is the most appropriate for the assessment of the vulnerability to nitrate pollution, with a 70% coincidence rate between the nitrate concentrations and the different classes of vulnerability.

The production of bananas and plantains is practiced on a large scale now as a result of the strong demand on the market, a consequence of the strong demographic pressure in the big cities. A great deal of research is being conducted in the use of symbiotic systems associating plant species with mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizae give host plants the ability to grow in soils that are low in minerals. As mycorrhizae are little known in our environment and few studies have been done on their biodiversity, their counting and their macroscopic and microscopic characterizations, this study seeks to identify and characterize these mycorrhizal strains in symbiosis with banana and plantain from the Kisangani University simi- simi experimental site. The staining technique of the roots made it possible to detect the mycorrhizas under banana and plantain. The results of this study revealed that the overall degree of mycorrhization ranged from 20 to 80% and classified the spores to 4 families and 5 identified genera.

The study was conducted to assess the spatial and seasonal variations of macroinvertebrates into two small marginal lagoons in the South-eastern of Côte d’Ivoire. Macroinvertebrates were obtained monthly using a hand net, a van veen grab and an artificial trap from September 2015 to August 2016. Physical and chemical parameters were quantified using standard methods of analysis. Analysis of the physical and chemical parameters in both lagoons showed significant seasonal variation, except for pH, nitrite and ammonium. We identified 145 and 105 macroinvertebrate species composed of aquatic Insects, Achaeta, Gastropoda, Crustacea and Arachnida respectively in Ono and Hébé lagoons. Megaloptera, Amphipoda and Basommatophora were only found in Ono lagoon whereas Lepidoptera was only present in Hébé lagoon. The highest values were found in dry season (127 taxa) and rainy season (126 taxa) in Ono lagoon whereas in Hébé lagoon, the highest values were found in dry season (93 taxa). The Shannon diversity index and evenness values of 3.72-4.25 and 0.84-0.91 respectively in both lagoons indicate that the macroinvertebrate stands are relatively diversified and balanced. However, the increase of anthropogenic disturbances on these lagoons constituted a real threat of the macroinvertebrates at long term.

This paper presents the stochastic approach to congestion that is unknown to some users or designers of telecommunication networks. Its purpose is to help designers predict network behavior, characterize load, determine number and size of components, these elements are important for those who want to optimize the network in terms of its architecture, so as to meet the required quality of service standards by taking the most economical route possible. This approach will be based on the modelizations of the arrival and the waiting calls on the network following some hypotheses. A key element of call reception to consider is the base transmission station (BTS) in the GSM network or the NODE B in the 3G to 4G + networks.

This study aimed to measure the attitudes of the employees towards the participation leadership. The application was at Nile Valley University in the Republic of Sudan. The researcher used the descriptive analytical method, relying on the questionnaire as a means of collecting information. The study deals with the concept of participation leadership and its importance by focusing on the desire of employees to participate as a fundamental variable affecting the success of any leadership method. Leading to a number of results, which is that there are very strong attitudes of the employees towards the application participation leadership? The attitudes of employees and their desire to participate are not affected by their personal and functional characteristics.

In Senegal, as in most Sahelian countries, the majority of pavement beds are of lateritic or basaltic gravelly material. These types of materials become scarce, become more expensive and lose their mechanical performance year after year. The possibility of using the silexite material, from the residues of the phosphates exploitation of the Chemical Industry of Senegal which are available in quantity remains a favorable asset if it respects the technical specifications for a road material all the more as Senegal is currently planning major road infrastructure projects. Thus, in this study, it was proposed to carry out extensive research on the geotechnical performance of this silexite material in the form of a severe 0 / 31.5 crushed material in order to deduce its suitability for use as a base course. First the material coming from the heap is tested first according to an experimental study of complete identification of the material. It turns out that the results were not satisfactory considering the value of the IP 41.5 plasticity index. very high, a very low CBR index of 16.67, a high methylene blue value of 2.6 and a granulometric curve coming out of the acceptance zone. The results did not meet the technical requirements and specifications expected because they are very contaminated by other foreign bodies. Nevertheless, a study to improve the cement material is discussed at 1%, 2%, 2.5% and 3%. The CBR indices found are respectively 127.60, 287.92, 298.77 and 373.46 with plasticity indices that vary between 27.65 and 34.35%. The characteristics of the material have improved significantly in terms of CBR and a decrease in the IP is noted that passes from 41.5 to 27.65 while being out of tolerance. The study is continued using granular fractions from industrial crushing to reconstitute crushed gravel 0 / 31.5. The results were conclusive as the particle size curve fits perfectly into the acceptance zone. An IP value of 19.99% is obtained certifying a good possibility to use the material in foundation layer but not in base layer. A CBR index of 149.27 and a density of 2.01 meeting the specifications required for its use in bedding.

This study was conducted around two experimental apiaries located in the Badenou protected forest, at the periphery and nearby the villages of Tiébila and Nafoun. Its purpose was to characterize the structure of woody vegetation and to evaluate its relative importance. For this purpose, a surface inventory was carried out in December 2017. The structure of the vegetation was studied through the density of woods, the basal area and the diameter structure. The relative importance of the flora was appreciated through the indices of importance value and rarefaction of species and families. An average floristic richness was observed with 96 species grouped into 72 genera and 30 families. The high density (1482 ± 657.15 stems/ha) and the average basal area (13.19±5.94 m2/ha) could be due to the good level of conservation of woodlands. The diametric structure of vegetation presented an appearance of "inverted J" and showed a predominance of small diameter trees. Eight species and eight families were predominant. Sixty-three species and 15 families were rare. Pending the results of the identification of honey plants, the woody flora studied is potentially melliferous. Its medium diversity and its high density were a major asset for beekeeping because they were likely to provide the floral resources necessary for a large production of honey.

Many research studies have been done in the Mungo-River valley, they were mostly concerning the genesis and stratification of outcrops, but not really their petrology (description and classification). According to those reasons, this article is going to increase the petrology’s understanding of Mungo-River’s cretaceous outcrops, in Douala sub-basin. So, the studies have been done on Moundeck village’s outcrops and near the railway bridge on the Mungo-River. In fact, the studies were concerning the description of eight outcrops; the classification of their facies and the interpretation of their genesis. The description of outcrops has showed that they are constituted of positive and negative sequences. The thin sections have permitted to classify the facies described as litharenites and lithic arkoses, which are friable rocks. The genesis of Mungo-River’s outcrops could be understood according to two approaches. On the one hand, the sedimentary structures such as intercrossed and oblique stratifications observed on outcrops signify that, the sedimentation had been taken place in a fluvio-deltaic environment. On the other hand, the positive and negative sequences delimited on described outcrops, testify the influence of sedimentary cycles (transgression and regression) within the depositing environment.

The focus of the paper is to explore the roles, responsibilities and ethical principles of the university teachers; as researchers, educationalists and human beings in the context of a world in which the rapid erosion of societal values is manifested both in Bangladesh and across much of the globe. The paper has tried to develop a better sense of key, pertinent ethical issues within the teaching-learning community of university and contribute to the national discourse on promotion of moral values among students and the community. Data have been collected from 70 faculty members of a university through discussion. Focus group discussion guidelines were used to generate data. Thematic analysis have been used for understanding teacher responsibilities and ethical principles. Some of the major findings are: student teacher body should exist at each university, there should be a complaint box to tackle potential and relevant ethical violations that the faculty can come across, an ethical framework should be developed for the universities, and quality of human interaction should be measured and promoted.

A new Asymmetric synthesis of triazacyclohexanes compound were prepared from the mixed two equivalents of 4-fluorobenzylamine and one equivalent tert-butylamine or two equivalents 4-bromoaniline and one equivalent isobutylamine with three equivalents of formaldehyde, gave solids compounds with good yields of 1,3-bis(4-fluorobenzyl)-5-tert-butyl-1,3,5- triazacyclohexane 1,3-bis(4-bromophenyl)-5-isobutyl-1,3,5- triazacyclohexane. The identification of these compounds has been done by CCM, infrared spectroscopy IR, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of 1H-NMR, 13C NMR.

The purpose of the study was to examine the educational-technological profile of teachers to boost the use of ICT in teaching practice, in order to outline a strategy for integrating the virtual learning at the ISUTIC (Higher Institute of Information and Communication Technologies). The research design that employed the exploratory descriptive, with a quantitative methods approach was adopted for the study. Specifically, the forty five participants that taught at the ISUTIC in 2017 were used for the analyses. The results indicate that 48.89% of lecturers strongly agree that ICT makes their work more productive, 46.67% agree that ICT makes classes more interactive, 51.11% agree that better ICT knowledge results in greater preparation, 42.22% fully agree that ICTs motivate students and 48.89% agree that they need to become more and more empowered in ICT. The study recommends that, the use of technological tools in teaching-learning activities should be the vision of all teachers who now have the task of preparing intellectually, professionally and culturally future generations. The data are analysed and discussed through assess the level of preparation of teachers and their attitudes towards ICT, to design the necessary training activities.

A three-detector microwave ellipsometer is an experimental free-space bench for characterization of non-transparent materials. It is a non-destructive characterization technic working in oblique transmission in the frequencies range of 26 to 30 GHz. A vector network analyzer (VNA) is used as microwave source. The method is based on the determination of complex diagonal tensor which requires the measurement of the sample transmission coefficients. Calibration of the network vector analyzer is needed in order to correct the values of this coefficients due to the measurement errors. The aim of this paper is to show that One Path Two Ports calibration method is convenient for this technic.

Attiéké is a food of Ivorian (Ivory Coast) origin that is exported today in several countries. To evaluate production processes, determinant factors and quality attributes of attieké, a production survey and a physicochemical study were carried out. The survey covered 170 producers in the departments of Abidjan, Dabou and Jacqueville, major production areas of attiéké. Three (3) types of traditional Attiéké, Adjoukrou, Ebrié, Alladjan and the commercial type garba were subjected to investigation and physicochemical analyses. It appears that the variety (98% of producers) has no effect on the preparation of traditional cassava inoculum. On the other hand, it has an impact on the quality of attiéké which is also influenced by that of the ferment during the incubation period. This step is really necessary. The difference between the attiéké studied, could be related to the microflora of the inoculum whose identification would provide adequate explanations on the product. Respect for the various stages of the product manufacturing process is also essential. Physicochemical characterization confirmed the observed differences between attiéké types. The average cyanide level is higher in commercial attiéké (12 mg/100g MS) than in other attiéké (4. 41 mg/100g MS). Organoleptic characteristics are criteria of differentiation between attiéké. Well-made grains without fibers add to the traditional product its quality of preference. The results obtained highlighted the risks faced by regular consumers of garba.

The Palmyra petiole is the biovégétal material widely used in Chad for the artisanal manufacture of furniture and other works. The present study deals with the determination of its physical, chemical and mechanical characteristics. We carried out the chemical analyzes, the physical tests and the mechanical tests in three points flexion, in traction and in compression. The results of our physicochemical analyzes and mechanical tests are satisfactory. Its cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose contents obtained justify its resistance to physical and chemical degradation and its attack by termites. The values of its mechanical characteristics obtained place it between the category D50 and D60 of hardwoods. Those of its physical properties place it among the light woods. This study, the first on the knowledge of the scientific and technical properties on Chad's petiole of palmyra, opens perspectives on a new field of study on the behaviour of this abundant natural raw material.

This paper attempts to study the behavior of different maximum power tracking (MPPT) applied to PV systems. The study includes discussion of three MPPT algorithms (the perturb and observation, incremental conductance, and first-order differential method), and performs comparative tests between them using actual irradiance. First, the PV system with storage battery is highlighted; the modeling and the simulation of the three techniques are carried out using Psim package.

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale (L.), Anacardiaceae), a forest plant initially became a cash crop. The national production is in clear progression with the extension of cultivated surfaces. However, the yield remains low. This study aims to assess the situation of producers and cashew nut orchards in the regions of Bounkani and Gontougo. The plantations of selected producers have been visited. An investigation sheet has been completed. Some parameters related to producers and plots were evaluated. Eight sub-prefectures were visited and 240 producers interviewed. The age of the producers was between 30 and 50 years old and 61 to 67% of the producers were uneducated. Average densities of orchards visited ranged from 724 to 769 plants / ha. The highest yield of cashew nuts was obtained in orchards between 21 and 30 years old in the Gontougo region (356.72 Kg / ha). In the plantations visited, only herbicides were used as phytosanitary products. 3.70% of peasants used fertilizers in orchards. Asked about the presence of disease in orchards, 54.17% of producers in the Gontougo region and 51.24% in Bounkani found the diseases. On the other hand, at the level of the 73.96 and 97.52% pests respectively in the plantations of Gontougo and Bounkani observed the presence of pests in their orchards. The annual production of cashew was strongly influenced by the density of plantations.

A study was conducted on the site of the Institut des Nouvelle Technique Agricole d 'Azaguié in order to understand the role of minerals in assessing the level of soil evolution. To this end, a study of different soil fractions was carried out. Thus, a mineralogical study of the sandy fraction was carried out by sorting on a sieve column. Whereas the mineralogy of the total soil and the clay fraction were determined by X-ray diffractometry. The results obtained under this study reveal that in the sand fraction, quartz (over 50%) is the most abundant mineral at all topographic levels whereas iron oxides (hematit and martit) are observed only in mid and lower slopes. In total soil, clay (kaolinite, antigorite, montmorillonite-chlorite) is observed at 4-19 %, oxides (goethite, quartz) with 67-91 % content and primary minerals (muscovite, feldspar) to 5-14 %. Whereas the clay fraction is only provided with kaolinite type clay (over 80%), smectite, chlorite and interlaminated (chlorite-smectite and illite-vermiculite) at about 5%. These soils are highly advanced due to their high kaolinite and mineral content, such as quartz and also the presence of hematite, goethite and martite. These mineralogical characteristics expose the soil to a depletion and a firing.

Description of the subject. In tropical Africa, relations between biomass, diversity and floristic composition are poorly understood and rarely addressed in studies of forest ecology. Objectives. The aim of this study carried out in the forest of Isangi (latitudes 00 °30’ 00’’N and 01°05’00’’N and longitudes 23°40’00’’E and 24°30’00’’E) was to test the floristic, structural (density, basal area, diameter structure) variability and carbon stocks between the different forest types of the area and to analyze the relationship between biomass and species richness and species composition. Methods. Data were recorded on trees with dbh ≥ 10 cm in 145 plots of 50 x 50 m² installed in different land use classes (fallow of different ages, secondary forest, mixed forest on dry land, mixed primary forest on hydromorphic soils and monodominant forest with G. dewevrei). Non-symmetric correspondence analysis (NSCA) allowed discriminating the floristic composition in different groups. Results. This study showed the presence of floristic and structural variability and the difference in total biomass between the four forest types studied. There was also positive correlation between biomass and standardized species richness, density and basal area. Conclusion. This study shows the importance of the upper stratum (dbh ≥ 30 cm) in the accumulation of biomass (about 85% of storage).

Two ternary diagrams were constructed according to the distribution of granulometric sizes in the mixed terrigenous clastic sediments and sedimentary rocks starting from some classifications and sedimentological definitions. These diagrams are: ternary diagram SSC and ternary diagram GSM. The poles of diagram SSC are occupied by the sediments "Sand", "Silt" and "Clay" and those of diagram GSM by the sediments "Gravel", "Sand" and "Mud". These diagrams make it possible to differentiate three terrigenous clastic sediments and sedimentary rocks types: proper sediments and rocks, mixed sediments and rocks with two elements and mixed sediments and rocks with three elements.

The focus of this study is to assess rice production in different category of farms of Bangladesh. The relevant data was collected from secondary source collected by International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) under the Village Dynamics Studies in South Asia (VDSA) project. A total of 280, 318, 365 and 349 sample farmers were selected for the years of 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively and the selected farmers were categorized into marginal, small, medium and large categories. Descriptive statistics were used to measure the profitability of rice production. In the study areas, rice farming was profitable for the selected years for all category of farmers but large and medium scale farmers received more profit than small and marginal farmers. Per hectare net return from rice production by small farmers was Tk.31324.28 in 2009 and Tk. 21776.97 in 2012 which provides a decreasing picture of profit for them. Cobb-Douglas stochastic cost frontier analysis was used to measure economic efficiencies. The regression result shows that, estimated values of the relevant coefficients i.e., fertilizer cost, machineries cost, human labor cost, seed cost and herbicides cost had positive and significant impact on the gross return of rice production and the coefficient of pesticide was negatively significant. So, there is a scope for increasing return from rice production by increasing human labour, seed, fertilizer, machineries and herbicide uses, since the coefficients of these parameters was positive and significant. The study will help to policy makers for the development of all category rice farmers specially the small and marginal farmers of Bangladesh.

The aim of this article is to check the impact of the marketing mix applied to cosmetics on women's purchasing decision. An empirical study carried out on a sample of 90 women in the Bechar area of Algeria. The results show that the direct involvement of the sales force Acts positively on the purchasing behavior of women. In addition, the variables age, and marital status have a significant moderating effect on the causal links between the reference groups. Managerial implications and recommendations are then proposed.

The fishing typology on the Buyo Lake Dam was studied monthly from July 2017 to June 2018. For this purpose, a questionary survey was administered to fishers, interviews were held with the lake managers and direct observations of the field were made. Fishing in this reservoir is of the artisanal type, practiced individually by Ivorians from non-Ivorians. A total, 215 fishermen were identified, including 70.7% Malians, 24.18% Ivorians and 5.12% Burkinabe. The fishing activity is dominated by fishermen of Bozo ethnicity from Mali (67.91%). Fishing is mostly practiced by adults ranging in age between 30 and 45 years and includes both professional fishermen and occasional. Most actors have no level of study. Only 11.54% of Ivorians have a primary level while 9.2% of non-Ivorians have done Koranic school. Gillnets are the most used catching gear. The low level of education of fishermen and the meshes below the standard they use are a real obstacle to the sustainable management of fisheries resources.

This paper is a contribution to the valuation of the millet stalk fiber as insulation material in building. To do this, the millet stem is crushed in two sizes and each size obtained is mixed with different Arabic gum content, which acts as a binder. Arabic gum is an effusion of sap from a trunk of acacias from Senegal. This material is still unusable largely because a big quantity is thrown in the nature. The influence of millet stem size and Arabic gum content on mechanical and thermal properties was evaluated. As for the resistance in flexion, we found a null value for all the samples. The compression resistance of samples varies from 0.8 to 1.5 MPa with a percentage of the binder evolving from 3 to 11.27 %. These values of the mechanical resistance are in strong proportionality with the binder dosages. The thermal conductivity varies from 0.113 to 0.914 W. m-1. K-1 with an effusivity going from 228 to 183 J.m-2. °C-1.s-1/2. The results showed that the conductivity and the effusivity increase with the content by linking of the material.

The aim of this work is to evaluate the evolution of serum metabolites and their impact during pregnancy. The methodology is based on the determination of a few serum markers in 131 women, each trimester of pregnancy. The results show that in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, the proportion of women who have a high C-reactive protein level is higher (13.74%). The rate of women with hyperglycemia increased from 2.29% in the 1st trimester, to 6.87% in the 3rd gestational trimester. Hypercholesterolemia was observed in 4.58% of women during the first 3 months of pregnancy, 21.37% in the second trimester and 23.66% in the last gestational trimester. 8.40% of pregnant women had a triglyceride level above normal, this percentage rose to 24.43% in the 2nd quarter and reached 25.19% in the 3rd quarter. This study also showed a significant correlation between triglyceridemia in the 3rd trimester, and maternal age (p = 0.04), and between HDL-cholesterol and women's nationality. The level of education and type of latrine used by these women would be factors influencing total and LDL cholesterol levels in the 1st and 3rd gestational trimesters, respectively. Cross-analysis between C-reactive protein level and latrine type revealed an inter-relationship from the second trimester of pregnancy. In conclusion, with the exception of serum creatinine, blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels increase as pregnancy progresses among women in this study. These are therefore parameters to be controlled during the gestational period.

This paper investigates the Feldstein–Horioka coefficients for 13 ECOWAS countries using the recently developed Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimator over the period of 1975 to 2014. AMG methodology incorporates the issues of endogeneity, heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence. Furthermore, we also investigate the role of several other macroeconomic factors, Balance trade, inflation, credit and population growth, to improve the international capital mobility. The results show high value of saving retention coefficient (0,76), signifying high association between domestic savings and domestic investment and hence a slow capital mobility or financial integration in ECOWAS countries.

Devant la crise écologique à laquelle se trouve confronter l’humanité, des hypothèses sont émises dans beaucoup de disciplines, en outres, le récit biblique pour décrypter la responsabilité de l’homme dans cette crise écologique. Ainsi, en nous servant de l’encyclique « Laudato si , 2015 » du Pape François, nous voudrions nous intéresser à l’analyse de ce document afin de voir dans quelle mesure l’homme est à la base de la crise écologique. En suite, proposer des solutions au problème de cette crise qui menace l’équilibre durable de notre Planète Terre, la mère nourricière des humains, des générations actuelles et futures.

The plan Yabra is a group of hydro-agricultural development that led the ivoirian state in the seventies. This model of hydro-agricultural development granted the predominance to small familial exploitations in which most of operations were mechanized. More than 45 years after it was designed, it has seemed interesting to analyse if this model proved to be a good tool to the service of the agricultural putting into value of shallows and what ares the problems that have caused it putting into practice.

This study consisted in optimizing the adsorption capacity of activated carbon from the peanut shell for the removal of the yellow dye 11 (CJ 11) in solution. The active carbons are derived from the peanut shells of the subspecies hypogaea (Arachis hypogaea ssp.hypogaea) of the Virginia type derived from Mankono and subspecies fastigiata (Arachis hypogaea ssp. fastigiata) of the Spanish type from Kani. and Séguela. Peanut shells underwent pyrolysis preceded by chemical impregnation with orthophosphoric acid. The analysis of the results indicates that for the preparation of an optimal activated carbon from the Virginia sub-species hypogaea (Arachis hypogaea ssp. hypogaea) from Kani, an acid concentration of 30% are required and carbonization temperature at 600 ° C for 3 h. This active carbon, which has a predominantly acid surface (92.7% of the total surface area), has an ash content of 3.1%, a degree of activation of 24%, an iodine value of 955.04 mg / g and a surface area of 706.92 m2 / g. The adsorption tests reveal that the Spanish-derived fastigiata (Arachis hypogaea ssp. fastigiata) derived from kani adsorbs the yellow dye better than the other two. And this adsorption capacity increases with the optimal conditions of preparation.

The country Constitution and laws guarantee the freedom and inalienable fundamental rights to every citizen. Among these rights, one recovers the principle of the double degree of jurisdiction by the national, regional, and international, instruments as well. Such is the content of the article 21 of the Constitution of the DRC which states that" (…) The right to review a judgment is guaranteed to all (…) ". However, the article 168 of the same text says that" The decisions of the constitutional Court are not susceptible of any revision and are immediately enforceable… ", what a contradiction! The present survey raises the inconveniences of this disposition towards the people in front of the constitutional Court and comes to the conclusion that it is an attempt of the right to an equitable trial.

The ability of God Almighty is manifested in His creation, and is reflected in every eye and every thinking mind. He is the one who created and created the universe around us with the finest creatures. Nature is a powerful witness and proof of the greatness of God's creation. Plants in their colors and types, animals in their sizes and shapes, birds, rocks and salty seas. Fresh lakes, rivers, waterfalls, waterfalls, beaches, flowers and trees are all but simple and limited examples of the magnificence and greatness of the Creator, which is an inspiring source for the artist to innovate and derive his ideas from the exquisite creation of the Creator. In order to develop a scientific methodology to benefit from the natural elements as an inspiring source of the design process to teach the art design, the goal of the research is to reach a scientific methodology that contributes to enrich the design thought of the students by taking advantage of the technical characteristics of the natural elements and improving the creative level of the students in the design course. Research Methodology: The research is determined to develop a scientific methodology to benefit from the aesthetics of the natural elements in the teaching of the design of the design. In the course of the design of the artistic glass of the second division of glass department, Faculty of Applied Arts, Helwan University.

Despites its tolerance to extreme environmental conditions and biotic stresses, cassava has an annual production deficit in Cameroon of more than 31 million tones. This deficit may be due to agronomic constraints, diseases and pests attacks including whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn); vector of the African cassava mosaic disease virus. The aim of this study was to determine among five cassava cultivars including three improved cultivars (TMS 92/0326, TMS 96/1414 and 8034) and two local cultivars (Ekobele and Ngon kribi) those that provide resistance to the development of B. tabaci in relation to soil fertilization. The impact of B. tabaci on these cultivars was therefore measured through the severity and incidence of the mosaic disease. The severity and incidence of cassava anthracnose disease (CAD) and cassava bacterial blight (CBB), which are also important diseases of cassava, were assessed. The study was carried out in Bityili village located in Ebolowa region, at three sites namely Mekoto, Minkon Mingon and Tyele. TMS 92/0326 and TMS 96/1414 had higher average number of adult whiteflies and nymphs, this may be due to their abundance and hairy leaf. Soil fertilization had a significant effect on nymphs. Unfertilized plots had the largest number of nymphs compared to those fertilized. Local cultivars Ekobele and Ngon kribi showed a higher severity and incidence of CMD compared to improved cultivars. All cultivars were weakly and similarly affected by bacterial blight. The fertilization had no effect on the severity of the mosaic and the bacterial blight. The severity of the anthracnose was higher on unfertilized cultivars compared to those fertilized. A strong correlation is observed between the severity of the CMD and yield performance.

People driven by their expanded interconnectivity. Recent research confirmed the importance of brand engagement to build a positive brand image, to share brand values and to deliver its own messages, that drive loyalty. Brands nowadays know how to build a strong relationship through meaningful stories to be able to attract and engage. Brand engagement affects indirectly profitability, revenues and market share. They need to level up this relationship from just emotional link to involvement. The consumer needs to be a partner, to interact to be seen and heard. Brand storytelling is about sharing qualities and beliefs with the audience to be connected in a mental and emotional level. The objective is to involve him in the brand story rather than highlighting new products or services. Stories should be able to affect and to be memorable enough to stick in people’s minds and touch their hearts. The consumer needs to feel how important the brand to him and how he could benefit from his commitment to the brand. The humanitarian aspects are the core power of stories, because of its strong connection to the real life. It also shapes cultures over time and defines history. In business, brands share their own stories to maintain a long-lasting relationship with the consumer, because they need them to deeply understand, believe and engage with their brands. This research aims to highlight the effect of storytelling on consumer’s attachment towards the brands and to develop a conceptual framework for meaningful storytelling to enhance brand engagement.