The conduct dimensioning, that it is to say, computing the aspect ratio, is also one of the main objectives of our study. Computing the non dimensional aspect ratio and the height need knowledge of the other parameters governing the flow, that is to say, the friction factor, the diameter, the discharge, the energy slope of conduit and the kinematic viscosity of the flowing liquid. As shown by the relationships of Colebrook-White and Darcy-Weisbach. The calculation of the aspect ratio is not easy. These relationships require some transformations and rearrangements to permit respond to our objectives.
This work has been interested in the uniform flow in a trapezoidal shaped channel that is frequently used in irrigation and agricultural drainage. The channel dimensioning necessitates iterations for calculate the friction factor which gives us a major error. We base on the method of rough reference model we calculate the linear dimension of the channel is passing through stages of calculations. The formulas founded are direct and explicit. The steps of calculations are simplified and illustrated by an example of calculation.
Years back, in northern Cameroon, the bride price was a matrimonial compensation made of things and services which are destined to the parents of a girl by a suitor. This compensation paid before and after marriage depended on the behaviours of the members of both families and on the virginity and fertility of the girl. In the past, many girls got married early in life due to the fact that the bribe price was small. Today, the marriage of young girls have become uncertain or they get married in their advance ages either due to the adoption of Fulani culture, respect of the principles of contemporary religions, the introduction of money as the main medium of exchange and the emancipation of girls. These factors that have transformed the bride price culture of northern Cameroon have resulted in the multiplication of late marriages. Besides, these factors have contributed to the ageing of the girls in their natal or parental families, the increase of single parent families, the resurgence of prostitution and the legitimization of concubine relationships.
In the present study, Phenolic compounds of ethanolic extracts of three organs (leaves, stem barks and roots) of Pterocarpus erinaceus were studied in UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. Furthermore the antiradical activity of these extracts was determined at room temperature by the method based on the reactivity of the extracts with a free radical, stable in solution, the l, l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). A synthetic antioxidant commonly used in the food and cosmetic industry, quercetin was used as reference to validate the antioxidant potential of phenolic extracts studied. The preliminary assessment of the phytochemical composition of this plant revealed the presence of polyphenols, tannins, free flavonoids, coumarins, terpenes, sterols and anthocyanins. The colorimetric assay revealed that the polyphenols are more concentrated in the bark of Pterocarpus erinaceus rod than in the leaf and root bark of the plant. Similarly, the stem bark of Pterocarpus erinaceus was more active than the leaf and bark of the root, although lower than the standard used (quercetin) activity. The evaluation of the granulometry influence revealed that the extraction solvent diffuses more easily inside the small particles to extract polyphenol molecules.
This work has determined the distribution of metallic levels (Arsenic, Cadmium, Cobalt, lead, Nickel, Copper, Zinc and Chromium) in the agricultural soils (North West of Morocco) at two depths (0-15 cm and 15-30 cm). The average contents of Chromium and Cadmium in agricultural soils exceeded the limits imposed by the French standard AFNOR and the degree of pollution caused by waters of OUED SEBOU is more important than that of the OUED BEHT. The transfer of heavy metal in two depths of soil: 15-30 cm depended of clayey particle.
Micronutrients are known to play an important role in the metabolism and physiological activities of the human body. Unfortunately, over three billion people in the world are malnourished. The development of crops with enhanced mineral concentration is one of the most sustainable and cost effective approaches for alleviating micronutrient malnutrition. This review focuses on the progress made in the genetic enhancement of element mineral concentration in crops through plant breeding strategies. Biofortification is considered as a suitable strategy of increasing the bioavailable concentrations of an element in edible portions of crop plants through traditional breeding practices or modern biotechnology to overcome the problem of micronutrient deficiencies. Therefore, the combination of conventional breeding with modern genetic engineering approaches and quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis is important for developing crop cultivars with enhanced micronutrient concentrations to improve human health.
Falls represent one of the most frequent causes of unintentional home injuries. To determine the prevalence of children who were hospitalized in the surgical pediatric emergencies department, in the Children's hospital of Rabat, Morocco, secondary to falls. Methods: a transversal retrospective study about children with home-related injuries secondary to falls carried out between January 1 and June 30, 2014. Indicators included: age, gender, cause, month, lesions, duration and location of hospital staying, surgery and evolution. The data entered on Excel and analyzed by SPSS 13. Results: 498 files related to falls from 900 hospitalizations were studied. Male were 77,9% and the median of age was 9 years [4 years; 13 years]. The lesions were head injuries (116 cases), fractures (329 cases), and bipolar trauma (43patients). Length of stay is 24 hours in 74.3%. The majority of patients was hospitalized in the emergency department and received nonoperative treatment with a simple evolution (respectively 96.4%, 77.5% and 90.5%).
Zinc Telluride (ZnTe) thin films have been successfully deposited on a glass substrate Fluorine Tin oxide (FTO) by electrodeposition technique. The absorbance was measured using M501 UV-visible spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 200-900nm. Zinc Telluride (ZnTe) thin films were investigated at room temperature. Optical absorption study showed that ZnTe films were of indirect band gap type semiconductor with band gap energy of 2.2-2.4eV.
The main objective of this study was to investigate microwave drying of mango slices at a constant temperature using a laboratory microwave applicator. The product temperature was maintained at 60, 70 and 80
Cadmium (Cd) is so perilous pollutant for living things when the certain threshold concentrations exceeded. Barley can accumulate higher concentrations of Cd but show genotypic differences in Cd uptake, moreover, the response to Cd have not been clearly determined yet. Exogenous use of thiourea ameliorates the stress conditions. The objective of this work was to determine the alleviation of various cadmium levels (Cd 0, 100, 500 and 1000 and 1500
Starch extracts from cassava, sweet potato, and Irish potato were tested as cheap alternative gelling agents for micropropagation of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.). Nodal explant cultures were initiated in MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium supplemented with 3% sucrose and 0.5mg/l Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) and solidified by either 12% sweet potato, 12% Irish potato, 15% cassava starch or 0.8% agar (w/v). Shoots were multiplied through 3 subcultures in BAP free MS medium with 5mg/l gibberelic acid. The overall quality of shoots in starch based media was slightly lower than in agar medium. In 84 days, average number of propagules produced from one explant was 40 in Irish potato medium, 1312 in cassava, 2058 in sweet potato and 3584 in agar. Despite the low multiplication rate of shoots produced on starch media, the cost per propagules was reduced by about 67%, 44% and 33% for sweet potato, cassava and Irish potato starches, respectively. This result suggests that, although starch based media were not as efficient as agar, , sweet potato and cassava starch may be suitable agar substitutes due to low costs and good quality of propagules.
The objective of this article is to study the problem of employability in Morocco (1), applying the logical framework approach (2). We begin by defining the principle of this approach. Then, using matrix formulation of the logical framework, we will detail the different components of the latter. Our work is based on two approaches to knowledge. - The vertical logic : identifies what the project aims to improve, clarifies the causal relationships and specifies the important assumptions and uncertainties beyond the control of project management. - The horizontal logic : relates to the measurement of the effects of the project and the resources it has mobilized, identifying key indicators and sources that verify them. Finally, faced with these results, we present the principles of the solution implementation and the interests of using this project management tool.
This paper presents a study on the relationship between the value of the firm and financial risks by a sample of Moroccan companies listed on the Casablanca Stock Exchange. The sample covers 72 listed companies operating in various industries. The value of the company is represented by the monthly dividend yield of the firm and the financial risks are mainly; market risk, exchange rate risk, rate risk, and commodity risk. The aim of the analysis is to study the impact of these financial risks on the value of the company, through an econometric study of a regression model, where the value of the company is the dependent variable, and financial risks are the explanatory variables. The empirical results show that 35% of Moroccan companies are sensitive to changes of financial instruments for the period of May 2013 to April 2014.The results also show that the sensitivity of firms depends on the nature of the activity and the degree of openness on the international market. A cross-sectional analysis by industry was considered to answer the question, and the results suggest that the most sensitive areas are the telecommunications sector, followed by the building and public works sector, then the transport sector.
This paper examines the challenges faced by the Baka people in the midst of changes caused by development efforts in their community. The Baka people were displaced from the forest and resettled in western-like communities with the intention of curbing excessive exploitation of forest resources and to improve on their living conditions. Consequently they are currently going through a lot of cultural, social and economic challenges. This is because the displacement and resettlement scheme was seen as an activity and not a process. The resettlement on the new site was done without taking into consideration their culture and their socio-economic wellbeing. This explains why they still go back to their formal habitats for their needs. Findings from the field show that the Baka people were resettled without giving anyalternative ways of generating income and without providing them with the basic social amenities like schools, hospitals and water. Besides, these people who have been used to gathering and hunting are now faced with situations in which they have to do agriculture without training or assistance. These people seem very miserable in their new habitat and are presently trapped in a vicious circle of ignorance, poverty and diseases. This paper therefore seeks to examine the development challenges faced by the Baka in their new habitat and how they are adapting to these challenges that have been imposed on them by development.
This study reflected a number of ideas on the philosophy of comprehensive quality common culture, quality management and overall planning strategy quality and structure of comprehensive quality human resources in the overall quality and methods of improving the quality of higher education in Libya, its importance and its role in society and the need for further development and promoted, because its theme building capable of dealing with human data of the age, and in the light of rapid changes and developments on the national and global levels. The quality is not purely Western invention, but are based on a large stock of human values and human experience. So This study aimed to meet the domestic and international competition in the field of higher education and scientific research, and that in line with the philosophy and principles of quality comprehensive concept, and excellence in router performance according to the criteria of cultural, moral and social values of sound and the integration of comprehensive quality idea of continuous improvement in the fabric of educational and research system of public universities and eligibility in Libya. The study followed the descriptive analytical method where the study population included teaching staff members in Libyan public universities, it was chosen as a simple random sample of faculty members, where the number of members (201) where about 181 of questionnaires are collected, that is equivalent to 90% of the total distributed questionnaires were used averages, standard deviations, and coefficient Olvakronbach to verify the stability of the areas of study and performance as a whole, and test multiple analysis of variance to examine the differences between the mean fields of study, and test (T. test) . The results of the study found that, there are some deficiencies in the special quality among workers in the private universities and academics, including procedures and made several recommendations to serve this shortcoming.
Knowledge is an intangible capital, which is source of creative thinking and innovation in businesses. Currently, in the business world, knowledge management plays an important role in the management scene; the enterprise's success depends on their ability to manage knowledge. Indeed, the purpose of this work is to conduct a literature review through a non-exhaustive list of the learning dynamics, production and transfer of organizational knowledge internally, through a synthesis of models and approaches of the main authors founders of theories of organizational learning, specifically we will discuss the work of Nonaka, Carlile and Szulanski.
A large number of work theoretical and empirical confirms the geographical dimension of externalities of the research development. However these works suffers from two major weaknesses. On the one hand, they are limited to the American case and generalize the results with other contexts (essentially european). On the other hand, in front of difficulties bound to the modeling, rare are works which includes in the same model the externalities and their geographical dimension. We exploited these gaps related to these two weaknesses works about it on a european country (France) while integrating in the same model the externalities of the research and development and their geographical dimension.
This paper proposes an empirical evaluation, starting from Moroccan data, of the impact of financial development on the economic growth. Using the model with error correction, we tried to test the direction of causality (in the short run and long-term) between the financial sphere and the real sphere.
The Jebilets and Guemassa hercynian massives constitute one of the most important metallogenic provinces of Morocco. In this province, mining exploration is focused on the research of massive sulphide mineralization in a volcano-sedimentary sitting. It makes extensive use of geophysical methods performed on both ground airborne surveys. Magnetometry is one of the most employed techniques which show that magnetic anomalies are associated with pyrrhotite-rich massive sulphide. Indeed, the effectiveness of this method is proven by the discovery of the Hajar deposit through airborne magnetic survey. However, its use is handicapped by the abundance of basic and ultrabasic rocks that generate the same anomalies than massive sulphide ore bodies. This article is concerned with the magnetic prospecting difficulties related to mining exploration in the Jebilet-Guemassa metallogenic province. It clarifies the origin of magnetic anomalies related to basic and ultrabasic rocks enriched in iron-titanic minerals and suggests an alternative approach to bring response elements to this problem. This result may guide the mining exploration for the detection and characterization of anomalies associated with massive sulphide deposits in the geological and mining sitting of Jebilets-Guemassa.
A pregnancy test based on detection of the goat pregnancy associated glycoprotein (caPAG) by the ELISA method was designed and carried out on serum from slaughtered goats. The objective of the study was to describe the ability of this test to detect pregnancy associated glycoprotein and also their ability to discriminate between pregnant and non-pregnant females of African dwarf goats. The test was evaluated and compared to a post-mortem clinical pregnancy examination. In order to perform the test, rabbits were immunized with caPAG initially purified from cotyledons collected from pregnant goat. The antibodies obtained were biotinylated, titrated, and used in a "Sandwich" ELISA to detect caPAG in goats sera. Blood samples as well as informations related to each animal (pregnancy status, gestational stage, presence of corpus luteum or milk) were collected on 506 slaughtered goats, and the sera obtained were tested for the presence of caPAG. The ELISA test results obtained from the 506 goats were different from those of the clinical examination, with 226 (44.7 %) seropositives against 221 (43.7 %) gestation with clinical diagnostic. The serological test results showed a few number of false positives 34 (6.7 %) and false negatives 39 (7.7 %). Indeed, nearly all the false negatives were female of less than 28 days of gestation. The entire false positive female had corpus luteum but 7 of them (18%) had also milk in the mammary gland. The sensitivity and the specificity of the test are respectively 84.6 and 86.3 %. The accuracy of the test is 87.8 %. These results showed that the sensitivity and specificity of the test depends on the stage of gestation. PAG "sandwich" ELISA could then be suitable for pregnancy diagnosis in African dwarf goat as early as from day 28 after insemination.
In management schools, continuations of research level degrees (M.Phil and PhD level) are facing serious challenges at public sector universities in Pakistan. This study is aimed at identifying those factors which affect the degrees in the public sector universities of Pakistan. In any academic institution, academic staff is directly linked with the achievement of these objectives. The recruitment of academic staff is done by the top management with the collaboration of external regulatory authority which is higher education commission (HEC). Current study is descriptive and qualitative in nature and accomplished through conducting detail interviews with from the management, academic staff and students. The results revealed that there are different factors influencing the persuasion of research studies in management sciences. Results also identified that administration of universities, HEC and staff members are playing crucial roles in research studies but government role is prominent and due to its unhealthy educational policies resting roles have been paralyzed. Study findings enlightened that there is need to change the organizational constitution for supervision unless the government lift the ban on recruitment of new academic staff as well as the renewal of former teachers' contracts to support and achieve the advanced educational objectives in the present as well as in the future.
This study aims to determine the performance evaluation of permanent and part-time faculty as rated by students and supervisors in the University of Eastern Philippines. A descriptive comparative study was used. There were a total of 250 subjects for this study, 210 were permanent faculty members and 40 were part-time lecturers of the University of Eastern Philippines. The respondents were taken from the total population using the stratified sampling method and were randomly selected. A descriptive-comparative survey research design was used in this study. Findings of this study showed that there is a significant difference in the performance of part-time and permanent faculty as rated by supervisors but findings showed no significant difference in the performance as perceived by the students. This reaffirms the theory of Bandura (1989) that employees perform their obligations as mandated by their position. Further, since part-time lecturers are not expected to perform research, extension and production, then they did not perform well in those areas.
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