At present where there are large volumes of information, recommendation systems are needed to help users find and evaluate articles of preference or interest. A number of investigations in this domain suggest that “best” recommendations, according to objective metrics, are sometimes not the ones that are most satisfying or useful to users. However, if the system assumes that user preferences are not in line with the recommendation made, mechanisms should be provided to put the user in control of the recommendations. The article investigates how to give control to the users in the systems of recommendation and the quality of these from a perspective centered on the user. We discuss a study that involved 4 scientific investigations related to the subject and consider parameters such as the type of recommendation system, the method used, the application area and the results obtained in those investigations. Which focuses on the accuracy and novelty of the recommended articles, and on the general satisfaction of the users. We have classified the recommendations considered with respect to these attributes and compared these results with measures of statistical quality of the algorithms considered. It is intended to generate new recommendations based on new preferences that could lead to greater user satisfaction and confidence in the system.

The ecosystems of Kimpolo I and its surroundings are located 23 km east of Kinshasa on the western edge of the Bateke Tray. To better understand its floristic richness and its chorological position, an analysis of the florule, autoecological and phytogeographical spectra of the species was undertaken. This study was conducted using floristic material from botanical surveys. On an area of 8.65 km2 surveyed, 219 species were inventoried. They belong to 71 families and 168 genera. The most diverse families in number of species are Fabaceae, Poaceae, Rubiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Cyperaceae, Apocynaceae and Asteraceae. Ecological spectra show the high representativeness of phanerophyts, geophytes, chamephyts, therophyts and hemicryptophyts. At the phytogeographic level, there is a predominance of regional guineo-Congolese species , followed by those with a very wide distribution and African with a large distribution. From the chorological point of view, this flora is north of the Bas-Congo sector and south of the guineo-Congolese regional center of endemism. In view of the many human activities practiced (shifting cultivation, harvesting and harvesting, irrational exploitation of ecosystems, introduction of exotic species, breeding, hunting, fishing, fish farming, charring of wood, bush fires) in the site whose extent on flora and vegetation is strong, special attention must be given to these threatened ecosystems, for their ecological development and their preservation as a regulator of local climate.

Insecticide treatments for crops protection in cotton fields have often been cited as the main factor in the selection of insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae populations. To explore this hypothesis further, the present study was designed to identify potential practices that may contribute to the emergence of insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae in cotton crop protection strategies such as the “Calendar Control Program (CCP)” and “Targeted Intermittent Control Program (TICP)” officially recommended already operate in Benin. Firstly, Knowledge Attitude-Practice (KAP) surveys were organized in the study sites to generate adequate information on the use of insecticide on cotton fields. In each site, leaders of farmer’s organizations were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires that focused on the treatment strategies, and the use of insecticides in the farms. Further, bioassays were performed on adult mosquitoes collected from various of each program to assess the susceptibility of malaria vectors to insecticide-impregnated papers (permethrin 0.75%, delthamethrin 0.05%, DDT 4%, and bendiocarb 0.1%) following WHOPES guidelines. Results of this study showed that various pesticides particularly pyrethroids were used for pests control in CCP and TICP sites; ii)-Susceptibility tests showed that An. gambiae populations have developped resistance to DDT (4% as mean mortality despite the strategies), permethrin (30% in CCP and TICP), deltamethrin (38% and 46% as mean mortality in CCP and TICP respectivetly), but fully susceptible to bendiocarb . These findings confirmed the role of insecticide treatments in mosquitoes resistance. Measure must be taken for better management of the use of insectides for pest control.

Striga is a formidable hemi-parasitic herb that lives at the expense of both wild and cultivated poaceae. Striga parasitism on maize cultivation is one of the main agronomic constraints and can cause losses ranging from 20 to 100% of grain yield. To remove this constraint, five materials from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture and 1 control were installed according to a completely randomized experimental block device. These varieties were tested in the province of Kasai Oriental at INERA Ngandajika and in peasant environment (at Kalenda and Kashila) with the aim of selecting striga resistant or tolerant varieties. This work identified the TZE-Y-DTC4 STR C5, TZE-Y-DTC4 STR C4 and KATOKI WA LUKASA maize varieties as either tolerant or striga-resistant. Despite the emergence of Striga, the grain yield at the station was 3.3 T / Ha for TZE-Y-DTC4 STR C5 and KATOKI WA LUKASA, but for TZE-Y-DTC4 STR C4 the yield was 2 T / Ha . In the peasant environment, the yield was 1.6; 1.3 and 1.0T / Ha for the varieties TZE-Y-DTC4 STR C4, TZE-Y-DTC4 STR C5 and KATOKI WA LUKASA. The integration of these two varieties in integrated striga control could lead to good maize production in infested sites.

The study has been initiated with the aims to evaluate effects of manure application on the yield of Irish potato. The experiment was conducted at (INERA) Mulungu using in a Complete Random Block with three replicates. Five treatments have been evaluated such as: application of DAP during planting, application of N+KCK three time as follow: once per week, once per two weeks and onceper three weeks together with a natural check without fertilizer. The results showed that DAP and N+KCL applied once per week have improved the yield up to 128.5% in comparison to the check, however N+KCL applied once per two and three weeks have increased the yield from 51.7 to 62.9% compared to the natural check. The results show that farmer having Irish as one of his activities can be interested to increase the productivity.

The influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and rock phosphate (RP) was studied on Acacia gummifera, an endemic and Moroccan spontaneous species that is experiencing a regression. They are also a source of firewood, charcoal and precious air fodder in the dry season. The response of Acacia gummifera to a mixture of two species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus intrardices and Glomus mossae) and two levels of rock phosphate (9 and 37 % of P equivalent of 0,25 and 0,5g P/kg of soil) was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. The arbuscular mycorrhizal root colonization varied from 10 % to 25 % when rock phosphate applications increased. Acacia seedlings grew poorly without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and without rock phosphate applications. However, AMF plants with RP applications achieved better results in terms of P and N concentration in shoot and root. In contrast, there were not additive effects of inoculation and phosphate application on total biomass. However, inoculation of acacias took up more P and N at 0.25 g P kg-1 of soil and above. These results suggest that AMF are able to absorb P from soil and rock phosphate for a better mineral nutrition of Acacia gummifera.

The majority of breast cancer is sporadic while 5-10% are due to hereditary predisposition. The identification of BRCA1, BRCA2 and p53 that confer a high risk of developing breast cancer, permit a better understanding of the familial forms of this cancer. These genes are responsible for families with multiple cases of breast cancer occurring at a young age. It was decided in this study to clarify the meaning of breast cancer in young women and understand the seriousness of this disease in women who represent a family history of this cancer. The aim is to make a genetic epidemiological characterization of a population belongs to the province of Tlemcen in west of Algeria As we're studying the factors that contribute to increased risk and spread of this hereditary disease.

Logging in the Democratic Republic of Congo remains of selective type characterized at each step by prevailing losses of timber wood. In order to enable the Société de Développement Forestier (SODEFOR) setting up a system of maximum recovery of timber, the major logged tree species, the harvest index (coefficient) of felled trees and the loss of merchant logs were assessed in the forest blocks 91 and 95 of the Nteno concession at Oshwe. SODEFOR has so far mainly exploited 21 tree species of which 7 making up 33% are subjected to intensive logging. These are Millettia laurentii, Guibourtia demeusei, Pterocarpus soyauxii, Staudtia kamerunensis, Prioria oxyphylla, Canarium schweinfurthii and Copaifera mildbraedii. The harvest index of these tree species varied from 6% for Canarium schweinfurthii to 113% for Guibourtia demeusei. This recovery rate was influenced by both the market requirements as well as the density and exploitability size (dimension) of each tree species. Over total wood volume of a felled tree, including that of branches of at least 35 cm diameter, nearly 75% were merchantable while 25% were wasted in forest. For Millettia laurentii, the rate of recovery was the lowest at 64% against 82% recorded in Prioria balsamifera.

The Robotics has become a sign of progress and countries or companies that make use of it through robots manage to improve their productivity and efficiency; taking the view that in the future there will be a high consumption of these technological elements in society this document assesses whether the implementation of a robotics lab will create a learning environment based on student activity. An investigation instrument like the survey was used to ninth course of introduction to robotics in order to find the causes that hinder learning by the theoretical excess of knowledge and lack of practice. Definitions of robotics, educational robotics, methodologies and applied studies are briefly outlined. Finally the results of the analysis of the instrument by which students are motivated with the use of robots for collaborative learning complementing teacher teaching are presented.

The majority of the analyzed calculi from patients are composed of calcium oxalate (CaOx) monohydrate whewellite (Wh) and CaOx dihydrate wedellite (Wd). The urinary calculi were identified by chemical and morphological analysis based on106 urine samples from human voluntary. The Crystalluria made by an optical polarized light microscopy. The oxaluria and urinary calcium were determined by conventional volumetric assays. The aim of this paper was to develop a simple system to predict and classify the type of crystalluria using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) algorithm.

This study has for objective the analysis of the recruiting profile of the teachers in the schools of Special teaching of Goma /Nord Kivu in Democratic Republic of Congo and their appreciation for their advancement of rank. The basic hypothesis is that considering the complexity of the mission of the specialized teacher, the teachers would be recruited according to some criteria’s and that they would be valued at the end of every year. For this study, the analytic, descriptive statistical and the documentary method, and the technique, the interview and questionnaires addressed 23 to teachers descended of 5 special schools. The researcher has arrived to the following results; The qualification in education is the requirement the more considered at the time of recruitment according to 43%. of our investigated. Being about the advancement of the ranks in these schools, 56.52% affirm that the quotation takes into account the professional value, 30% affirm to have never been evaluated for the advancement of rank. 9% declare that the quotation and the advancement of rank take into account of the creativity and initiative and the sense of responsibility, 4% affirm that it takes into accounts the school output. This study considers the popularization of the criteria’s recruitment, but also a regular appreciation of the teachers specialized in order to conform to the legal texts on the recruitment. This study recommends the building capacities of the future teachers in a specialized training center, and the popularization of legal texts on the recruitment and the appreciation, this in the perspective of the school success and the social integration for all pupils.

A case-control survey was conducted to estimate the risk of perinatal mortality in four maternity hospitals in the Lomami provincial division in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The perinatal mortality rate was 235 per 1,000 births, with a stillbirth rate of 216 per 1,000 births and early neonatal mortality of 24.4 per 1,000 births. An assessment of risk factors was conducted on 417 perinatal deaths and 1356 survivors. Worst socio-demographic variables such as maternal age greater than or equal to 35, celibacy, polygamy, primiparity, large multiparity, lack of employment or maternal employment in the private sector were significantly associated at the risk of perinatal mortality. The health variables such as access in reference mode, caesarean section, hysterectomy, laparotomy, ante and post partum haemorrhage, uterine rupture, delivery date, prolonged labor, labor absence of staff with surgical profiles, inadequate equipment and maternal death were also associated with the high risk of perinatal mortality. The results of this study indicate that a risk assessment of perinatal mortality can be performed using socio-demographic data from the mother and medicinals.

In Africa, and particularly in Benin, medicinal plants are the most widely used means of solving human and animal health problems. The Beninese flora is rich in plants used to treat gastrointestinal diseases of farm animals whose chemical and biological potentials are still unknown. It is to correct this insufficiency that the present work aims at the chemical and biological recovery of Khaya senegalensis. After phytochemical screening, the phenolic compound contents of Khaya senegalensis extracts were determined spectrophotometer. Antibacterial and antiradical activities were evaluated by microplate dilution methods and DPPH respectively. The active ingredients of K. senegalensis were characterized by GC/MS. Several metabolites have been identified. The crude extracts (ethanolic, hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts) of K. senegalensis showed a lower antiradical activity compared to ethyl ether (IC50=0.09 μg/ml) and ethyl acetate (IC50=1μg/ml) fractions, which are more active that BHA (IC50= 4.8μg/ml), quercetin (IC50=3μg/ml) which are synthetic compounds. From the antibacterial activity, it appears that the objective extracts and fractions of this plant have a bactericidal activity with respect to Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. From the results of the chromatographic analysis, it appears that the bark of K. senegalensis contains glycerol, glycerol ethanoate, pyrocatechol, octadecanamide and neoergosterone as major components. The diversity of metabolites, the anti-fungal and antibacterial activities of K. senegalensis, could justify the use of this plant in the veterinary pharmacopoeia in Benin.

Our study area in southwestern Côte d’Ivoire in SASCA domain is part of the Archean-Paleoproterozoic transition zone and consists mainly of metasediments, grey gneisses, metabasites and granitoids. We present new data on the petrographic characterization and origin of metasediments in this area. Both field and petrographic observations indicate that metasediments consist of garnet-sillimanite-cordierite paragneisses and staurolite and/or garnet mica schists. The major elements made it possible to constrain the origin of these metasediments by showing: (i) their belonging to the group of iron-rich shales in majority and secondarily to the Fe-rich sandstones, (ii) their provenance from basalt and andesitic rocks moderately weathered (60

The phenology of 22 woody species of the Luki Biosphere Reserve in the Kongo central Province, Democratic Republic of Congo was analyzed. Direct and indirect observations were made on trees every ten days from July 2009 to July 2010 taking into account the phenological phases which are flowering, fruiting, dissemination and defoliation. The species studied are divided into three groups (evergreen species, semi-deciduous species and deciduous species). A peculiarity was noted for the spread of Xylopia welwicthii trees that was difficult to determine as ripe fruit and burst several times before falling to the ground. The fact that the problem does not arise in the determination of the period corresponds better to the dissemination of the fruits of this species. For all four families under study, the different phenological stages are under the control of climate variations. For the different families studied, observe a strong dispersion of phenological events over the months of the year. These results suggest a high interspecific and intraspecific variability in the occurrence of phenological events observed in this study, namely flowering, fruiting, dissemination and defoliation.

The flora of the INERA Kiyaka Forest Reserve (National Institute of Agricultural Research and Studies of Kiyaka), covering 1,160 ha, located 75 km southeast of Kikwit town, was studied with the aim of analyzing the composition, to determine the richness, the floristic diversity and to study the ecological and phytogeographical spectra of inventoried taxa. To do this, 52 plots of 1,250 m2 each. Thus, 6.5 ha have been delimited to make floristic inventories and to collect botanical samples. The results obtained reveal, at the present stage, the existence of 182 infrageneric vascular units, including 178 Magnoliophyta with a high level of Magnoliopsida, ie 90% and 10% of Liliopsida. This flora is dominated by Rubiaceae, Olacaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Dichapetalaceae, Marantaceae, Malvaceae / Sterculioideae, Moraceae, Icacinaceae, Apocynaceae, Ochnaceae, Annonaceae, Clusiaceae, Connaraceae and Sapotaceae, while the ecological and phytogeographic spectra of this species are analyzed. florulum shows a clear prevalence of phanerophyte species from the sarcochores, mesophylls and guinea-Congolese. The impact of the very obvious anthropogenic activities in this forest reserve, evidenced by the existence of the fallow lands caused and dominated by Chromolaena odorata induce a grassy physiognomy in extension.

Liposarcomas of the breast are malignant tumours representing less than 0.3% of breast cancers, which can affect women aged 45 to 55 years on average, their clinical and radiological characteristics are not specific and could suggest a benign lesion. They develop from interlobular stromal tissue and there is no known risk factor of this type of cancer. The treatment of these liposarcomas remains nonconsensual, although surgery is considered the basis of treatment. We report a case of a breast myxoid liposarcoma discovered during pregnancy.

Renewable energy based hybrid energy system have been considered as an efficient mechanism to generate electrical power. The basic idea of hybridizing the energy sources is that the base load is to be supplied by principal energy source and the peak load supplied by other irregular sources. The Bangladesh Government decided to provide electricity throughout the country by 2021. According to government policy the BREB (Bangladesh Rural Electrification Board ) is work for ensuring electricity in the rural area of Bangladesh. But in some rural forest area like kaliakair upazilla in gazipur district it is very difficult to provide electrification all the time during the month of April to September because of heavy rainfall and storm. The purpose of this study is to suggest the optimal hybrid energy system for generation of electricity from a combination of energy sources to fulfill the energy demands of the Kaliakair Upazilla in Gazipur District of Bangladesh. The design of hybrid energy system based on PV system, CAES and grid are considered in this study. The study area is the vannara, Kaliakair Upazilla in Gazipur District of Bangladesh.. The study is based on simulation and optimization of renewable energy system using Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER). The hybrid model has been designed to provide optimized system configuration based on hybrid energy component costs, technical specifications and energy demand. The proposed hybrid energy system is environmental friendly which mitigates the CO2 emission and other greenhouse gas emissions.

This work had initiated to value the influence of four (4) different techniques of plantation of the sweet potato and to identify the one or those that would improve the production of tubers while increasing the yield of production of the sweet potato. The survey has been driven according to a device of the blocks subdivided some under-parcels (split-contact) to 3 repetitions. The treatments were constituted of 4 different fashions of plantation notably, on billon, on mound, on board and to dish considered like witness. Two (2) varieties of sweet potato have been used. The results show that the yield of the sweet potato has been improved more meaningfully by the technique of billonnage until 97,4% either 14,62t / Ha against 8,8t / Ha for the buttage fluently used by most farmers. These results show that the agriculturist can adopt the technique of billonnage that is a permitting to increase the output while keeping the humidity of soil during a good period.

The study was aimed to feature the forest ecosystem of the reserve from the stand point of is floristic composition, to examine the diversity and to carry out the measurement of the “DBH“ of trees. The survey carried on a sample hectare has led to the following records: The most represented families in terms of number of species are: Fabaceae 23,5%, Myristicaceae 11,5%, Euphorbiaceae 10,5%, Sterculiaceae 8,3%, Meliaceae 6,4%. The total ground surface is 39,13m²/hectare, 409 stems of trees of DBH ≥ 10 cm censused as belonging to 108 different species regrouped into 38 botanical families. The highest relative diversity has been observed among the families of fabaceae (14,8% of species) and meliaceae (9,3% of species).

This research has been dedicated to the study of possibilities to develop a buffer zone around the National Parc of Kahuzi – Bièga (Pnkb) at Bugorhe and Irambi – Katana, South – Kivu, DR Congo. The study has examined the possibilities to allocate bordering fallow and under-exploited land into the buffer zone, for farming and tree planting by the little neighboring farmers. It has shown that seven lots bordering the park with 920Ha total area provide rentable farms to 473 neighboring farms. Nearly 494Ha of these lots are either fallow or under-exploited, which is about 53,7%, and are likely to be transformed into a buffer zone upon negotiating with land owners for buyout.

The Sidi Moumen district of Casablanca, which is considered here in its social, functional and spatial dimensions, is an unacceptable standard in the face of Casablanca's will to modernize. The practices and data of marginalization have historically built its symbolic pocket, Socially and contrary to the hierarchical and holistic notion of marginalization, the province is home to a diverse population ranging from the poorest to the middle classes. Contrary to the prevailing notion that this area is isolated or isolated and characterized by anomalies, it provides resources at the city-wide scale. In order to understand this issue the effectiveness of this intervention in solving the housing crisis in Casablanca in general and in the district of Sidi Moumen in particular and the forms of spatial configuration in this sector of the city, the extent of effectiveness of this form of management and its functional and spatial dimensions in the organization of the urban area of the city Casablanca, by reference to the previous management experiences of the urban area of Casablanca and the analysis of the territorial policy of the Sidi Moumen district.This raises the problem that we will try to answer, which relates to the inputs and outputs of the territorial policy in Sidi Moumen, including Casablanca. And the limits of this policy? Based on an analytical descriptive approach to examine the parameters of this policy and its description, and the staff of critical approach to relate the subject to its general context and to analyze the reality of the land policy in the interior urban marginal areas and the requirements of justice.

Introduction: This study analyzes hospital maternal death factors in six heath zones in the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo. The objective of this study is to identify the determinants and the circumstances of the maternal deaths. Methodology: This study is descriptive and analyzes the content of the medical files and death review of the mother deaths occurred between 2009 and June 2014 in 22 referral hospitals of 6 zones of health of the province of the North Kivu in the East of the RDC. The data collected by binomials of well experimented nurses and physician about 74 mother deaths were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The hospital maternal mortality is high (106,9 deaths for 100.000 living Births). 87, 5% cases of maternal deaths arrived in time to the referral hospitals and 69,2% of cases were well taken in charge to the primary health level centers. On the other hand, the hospital care has been judged inadequate in 83,1 % of the cases, notably because of non-suitable medical and nursing care and limited availability either of the medicines and transfusion blood. The hemorrhage was the first reason of maternal death (63,4 % of the cases) and also the eclampsia (8,5%) and infections (7%). The indirect reasons were incriminated in less than 6% of the cases. Conclusion: The high level of hospital maternal deaths, the importance of the hemorrhages and limited medical and nurse competencies in maternal deaths, put in evidence the interest to reinforce the nurse and medical competencies and the clinical governance in reference hospitals.

We study the influence of the thickness of the glass substrate on the magnetic properties of the Au/Co(1 nm)/Au systems deposited on thick (2 mm) and thin (100 µm) glass by electron beam evaporation. The magnetic investigations were carried out by using Polar Magneto-Optic Kerr Effect (PMOKE).

Plant density may have an influence on constructed wetlands (CWs) operation. In this study, the effect of plant density on the efficiency of vertical-flow CWs planted with Panicum maximum treating domestic wastewater was investigated. Two beds were planted with P. maximum at 10 plants/m2 (low density) and two others at 20 plants/m2 (high density). Two unplanted beds were used as control. During six months, domestic (0.05m3) raw wastewater was applied on each bed intermittently. Wastewater samples were taken once a week into the influent and the filtrate of each bed and preserved at 4°C until analysis. The results showed that pollutants were significantly more removed in the planted beds than in the controls. But, the plant densities used were not significantly impact the treatment efficiency. However, the bed planted at low density was clearly distinguished as the one that provided the higher pollutants removal rates (TSS = 91.8%, DCO = 91.6%, P = 69%, PO43- = 74.9%, NTK = 86.5%, NH4+ = 86.5%, Escherichia coli = 87.1%, Clostridium perfringens = 96.7%).

In the context of sustainable development and promoting natural resources, some forgotten fruits such as the Zizyphus Lotus can be developed as local products. In addition, the frequency of Urolithiasis multiplied increasingly rapidly in the world. The Urolithiasis involves the formation of crystalline aggregates called "urinary stones" developed in the urinary tract, usually in the kidneys or ureters, but may also affect the bladder or urethra. The objective of this study is to study in vitro the crystallization of calcium oxalate as a lithogenic species and to investigate the inhibitory effect of aqueous jujube extracts on the crystallization of calcium oxalate in order to exploit it. Six jujube fruit samples were taken from six geographical zones from Beni Mellal-Khenifra region. These fruit - seed samples were separated from their seeds. The pulps were subjected to a grinding mortar so as to have fine powder. The samples have been subsequently, submitted a cold maceration during 48 hours. The study of the crystallization of calcium oxalate is carried out by the optical microscope with polarized light (MLP). Some aqueous extracts have an anti-lithiasic effect on the aqueous solution of the lithogenous species studied.

The present study was aimed at determining the epidemiological profile and risk factors of poisonings in the north central region of Morocco (Meknes-Tafilalet) in 2013-2014. The data collected from a survey that was carried out on the poisonings registered by health delegations and hospitals in the region in 2013 and 2014, in addition to poisonings reported to the poison control and pharmacovigilance center of Morocco (PPCM) during the same period were subjected to a descriptive epidemiological analysis. The survey detected 2530 intoxications of different types outside of the scorpion stings. Following transmission to the PPCM and elimination of 1185 duplicates, our survey was able to list 1345 new cases, to have 4142 cases in 2013 -2014. According to the data analyzed: 58.6% of the intoxicated was adults, the Sex ratio (male / female) = 0.68, 83.37% of cases were recorded in urban areas. 54.49% progressed favorably, while 23 patients died. Poisoning was symptomatic in 40.24% of cases. The highest incidence was recorded in Ifrane city (2.15 ‰), but Meknes city registered the highest fatality rate (1.2%). these poisonings were caused by gaseous products in 41.6% of cases. The number of new poisonings collected during our survey was important: 1345 cases not reported to the PPCM, which means that Health officials should intervene in time to the statements of poisoning, in order to participate in the fight against their harmful effect on the health.

This work present a document allowing a good management territorial of the watershed of Martil river situated in the Wilaya of Tétouan, (North of Morocco) to preserve the good quality of the water of the dam. Such document is developed by applying the DKPR method to map the degree of vulnerability in the contamination surface water by means of a software GIS. The obtained map shows the dominance of the high and moderate classes. The first one covers the central part of the of the studied area on approximately 50 % of the total surface, while the moderate class disparate on all the watershed while being more concentrated towards the Southwest and the East, concern almost 42 % of the studied area. Let us indicate that the extreme East of the watershed nearly 8 % of the total surface is weakly protected against the contamination of its superficial water resources.

The small business of fixed retail, at sight; itinerant or floating, reaches the open air, along the roads, at intersections and in various places in the city of Goma. It should be emphasized that in the DRC, the guarantor state of the nation, the welfare of the population has resigned from its responsibilities, leaving undefinable poverty throughout the country, while development as a process of self- improvement of the integral well-being of man requires the deformation of the content of this well-being in the form of state objectives. Faced with this blatant resignation of the State from its responsibilities and the ever-increasing misery, the population has been led to develop several survival strategies for the fight against poverty. One of the most remarkable of these days and without question is the practice of so-called informal activities. We wanted to investigate the causes of proliferation and the solutions of adequate formalization of street markets in the DRC in general and in the city of Goma, analyzing the motives which are pushing the merchants to work in the street markets on the one hand and their consequences on the socio-economic life of the users and the country. Our investigations show that mobility is due to proximity to customers, avoidance of taxes, low capital levels and the absence of organized markets in the surrounding area. The rapid turnover of goods, the permanence of the customers, the tax evasion and finally the proximity with the suppliers and the customers are all advantages that they find there. For commercial investment, commercial operators find that street economic activities are very beneficial because they contribute to creating employment, reducing unemployment, ensuring the survival of their households, and even absorb people unable to work in the formal. However, as far as the environmental consequences are concerned, waste is deposited in disorder in the useful and gutted environments and in sufficient quantities.

With a view to guaranteeing equitable development among the various provinces in Congo-Kinshasa, the composition of the central Government must take into account the representativeness of all the provinces. Since the beginning of the Third Republic in 2006, nine Governments have succeeded each other. Through the analysis of their compositions, the present study identifies the causes of the insufficient representativeness of the Province of Tshopo and proposes some therapies likely to improve the political weight of this strategic province.

The primum movens of pre-eclampsia is a systemic maternal endothelial dysfunction. Choroidal and retinal vessels are rarely affected or rarely explored, and their involvement is usually reversible in pre-eclampsia if the diagnosis is made in time to establish adequate surveillance and treatment for each situation. The underlying lesions to ocular disorders are retinal serous detachment (RSD), optic neuropathy and finally the most serious involvement is cortical blindness. The pathophysiological hypothesis is clearly proven by the various complementary examinations such as fundus examination, OCT (Optic Coherence Tomography), and fluorescein angiography. Clinically, there appears to be a parallelism between the clinical importance of edema and that of RSD. We report the case of a patient who presented, during a severe pre-eclampsia (in an edematous form) on twin pregnancy, a favorable postpartum DSR with suspicion of optic neuropathy. A follow-up by internists was recommended.

2nd women cancer in Morocco, cervical cancer is a public health problem. Mortality from this cancer has declined remarkably thanks to screening programs, which are still lacking in several countries. Targeting criteria vary from one population to another and the means depend greatly on the socio-economic level. We conducted a 3-year retrospective study at the Souissi maternity clinic in Rabat, between 2013 and 2016, including 1599 women, which aims to identify the interest of colposcopy as a screening tool. diagnosis that is part of the global gynecological-oncological approach to prevent cervical cancer.

Innovation is considered as a parameter which reflect the level of development in emerging countries that have oriented their economies towards knowledge and innovation. Indeed, the international indexes used to classify countries according to the level of innovation are based on several technological, scientific and socio-economic elements. At the national level, it is important to measure innovation in all technical and scientific activities, particularly in engineering, whose main function is to propose creative and innovative solutions to complex technical situations. This importance consists in determining the level of performance in this field to be able to develop and stand out from competitors. This article is in line with this perspective, its objective is to evaluate innovation in mechanical engineering projects and to identify the parameters which characterize their implementation process. This work is a quantitative study based on an assessment grid composed of criteria defined from the literature review. This system is applied within the framework of an empirical study conducted on a sample of mechanical engineering projects carried out within companies belonging to different sectors in collaboration with a Moroccan engineering school. The results of this study are analysed statistically in order to verify whether mechanical engineering projects are innovative and follow a standard innovation process, and to determine the parameters that influence this process.

Introduction: In utero death is one of the most common situations in obstetrical practice and is often poorly tolerated by pregnant and nursing staff. The objectives of this study were to determine its frequency and to identify the risk factors at the North Kivu Provincial Hospital in Goma. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive case-control study that determined the frequency of death in utero and identified risk factors. For this study period, 55 in utero deaths were recorded out of a total of 1218 deliveries. For risk factor research, the match ratio was 2 controls with live birth for a case of death in utero. Results: The frequency of death in utero at the North Kivu Provincial Hospital in Goma was 4.5%. After adjustment, celibacy (p = 0.004, 95% OR = 4.67), parity greater than 3 (p = 0.021, 95% OR = 2.45), CPN deficiency (p = 0.000, 95% OR = 6.23), the history of in utero death (p = 0.000, 95% OR = 16.71), and morbid diseases were identified as factors associated with the risk of onset of death. utero. Conclusion: The frequency of death in utero was 4.5%. Among the factors studied, the risk of death in utero in our environment is associated with celibacy, multiparity, lack of ANC, history of MIU and morbid maternal diseases.

Buruli ulcer and tuberculoid leprosy are two skin diseases affecting virtually the same areas of the body. In the early state on black skin, the skin affected by these diseases has not only few specificities but especially a low contrast with healthy skin. Which makes any diagnosis difficult. However, these diseases, which are belatedly detected or badly treated, cause aesthetic bodily damage and also major handicaps. The present work therefore focuses on this early diagnosis and is based on the characterization of the textures of these affections in the macroscopic images of the black skin. For this purpose, a baseline of these two diseases certified by dermatologists is set up. Then with MATLAB R2015a, we extract the textures in the digital images of the certified affections and the affection to be identified by the Haar wavelet transform. The histograms of the obtained detail images are approximated by a family of non-zero mean Asymmetric Gaussian Distributions (AGGD). The Gaussian distribution that best fits the histogram for each image is determined after the Kolmogorov-Smirnov fit test. The parameters of this Gaussian Distribution are the characteristics of the textures for each condition. Finally, based on these characteristics, the Jeffreys divergence is calculated and allows to identify Buruli ulcer and tuberculoid leprosy. Applied to multiple disease images, the non-zero mean AGGD model provided an identification rate of 90% versus 66.66% for the existing zero average AGGD model.

The crowdfunding, or participative financing, is a mode of financing which allows the meeting of the porters of plans and the internauts through devoted platforms. The importance augmented by this mode of financing for 2000s and its successes in the different savings provoked our interest. As a result, we are going to dedicate this article to a bet in obviousness of the general panorama of the crowdfunding, before stopping on the success of this mode of financing and its role in the promotion of innovation in Morocco.

The diagnosis of rectal cancer during pregnancy remains difficult today. This association is rare. the diagnostic problem is mainly therapeutic and is not yet the subject of a consensus. Indeed, the care need a multidisciplinary team to be able to remedy this pathological situation. We report two cases of rectal cancer discovered during pregnancy, with the management of the disease, the outcome of the patients, and a review of the literature.

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a chronic inflammatory benign mastopathy of the young woman. It is quite rare and his etiology remains poorly known. The clinic can sometimes be confused with a carcinomatous lesion, so the diagnosis is essentially histological, and the treatment is based on the use of anti-inflammatories, corticosteroids or colchicine to allow healing and avoid repetitive surgical mutilations. We report two cases of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis, one having been treated with colchicine and the other by corticosteroid with favorable evolution, while analyzing the clinical, radiological and therapeutic aspects.

The subcapsular hematoma of the liver (HSCF) is a rare complication of pregnancy with high maternal-fetal mortality. This therefore requires rapid diagnosis and appropriate care. His secondary rupture is one of the most serious obstetric complications. Maternal mortality is 50% to 75%, that of the fetus is 60% to 80%. We illustrate the article with a clinical case reporting the management of a subcapsular hematoma of the liver.

Introduction: Our study is of the cross-sectional descriptive type designed to estimate Unmet Need for Obstetric Care (BONC) in four general referral hospitals in the Lomami Provincial Division in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Objectives: To determine unmet obstetric needs in terms of material, human and technical resources, to quantify this need for deficits in major obstetric interventions. Results: The study revealed huge deficit rates in three hospitals: 89 in Lubao, 70 in Tshofa and 66 in Lulu and negative growth in a hospital in Kabinda. The ratio of skilled birth to skilled personnel with a surgical profile is very high as the norm requires: 683 and 398 in Kabinda, 308 and 154 in Lulu, 213 and 116 in Lubao, 185 and 74 in Tshofa. Maternity equipment occupancy rates are 44.7 in Kabinda, 40.2 in Lulu, 24.7 in Tshofa and 18.3 in Lubao. Conclusion: The unmet obstetric needs identified in these four referral hospitals are both technical, human and material. These deficits favor the inefficiency of major obstetric interventions.

The present work proposes to focus on the information and communication technology in teaching cellular biology by implementing their contribution in the acquisition of the functioning of the cell. We also focused on the limits and challenges of these new technologies, in teaching this very particular discipline by its importance in the acquisition of biological sciences. We worked on five successive promotions of 160 students in total, holding a master's degree in biology or geology. The results of this study showed that the use of computer simulation in the teaching of cell biology led to a better acquisition of cell function by students. However, these technologies are to be used with some caution. All of these results are discussed in this article.

Cocoa beans moisture content behavior during drying in natural convection was estimated by integration of differential semi-empiric equation and mass flow formula. The new model was found to give better result (correlation coefficient is 0.97) respectively under experimental condition (55, 70 and 105°C), solar dryer, and sun drying. In addition, knowing that the drying kinetic was inversely dependent on the temperature, we have found the high drying temperatures lead to shortening of drying phases. Finally we conclude that the exponential two-member function is the improved model to describe falling drying rate.

The sickle-cell sickness, a genetically-inherited sickness, is characterized by unpredictable painful outbursts and regular admissions to hospital as well. This current study aims at exploring its psychological effects on the parents whose children are suffering from the sickle-cell sickness. It was carried out at CHU Sylvanus Olympio, a Teaching Hospital, on ten (10) parents, aged between 20 and 50, thanks to a questionnaire on the (BDI-II) nervous depression inventory scale by Beck and a half-structured administration guidebook. The results show that parents’ reactions upon the diagnosis announcement are those of surprise, confusion and shock. Next to the discovery of the sickness, the anxiety during the outbursts, the ensuing admissions to hospital and the haunting idea of the child’s death overwhelm parents’ affection mindset. The target ten (10) parents present mild or moderate symptoms of nervous depression. On the whole, all these parents consider the sickle-cell sickness as a dangerous and fatal one, which causes nothing but worries and expenses. The parents of the children suffering from the sickle-cell sickness are psychologically deeply affected. It is thereby urgent to integrate the psychological aspect in the assistance schemes as regards the issue of the sickle-cell sickness in Togo.

Our study has been carried out on the Impact of inter-church transnational cooperation development, the case study of American and Congolese Assemblies of God. It has pushed to undertake deep analyses on the question and we have noticed that this cooperation carries on reciprocal advantages and disadvantages, influence international stakes of Assemblies of God churches. From that, its impacts would be more visible in educative sanitary domains and theological training. Notably, in the schools constructions support in medicines and medical materials as well as the training of pastor students in theology at the theology faculty of Assemblies of God in Lomé.

The current study examines the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms: Board structure and capital structure on the performance of Moroccan universal banks. It aims to contribute to the literature by providing empirical evidence of the association between banks performance and corporate governance characteristics using panel data analysis on the eight principal banks in Morocco over the period from 2007 to 2016. Findings suggest that on one side role duality, audit committee existence and foreign capital have a significant negative impact on bank performance. On the other side, finding indicates a positive significant relationship between board size, institutional investors and state ownership on bank performance measured by ROAA.