The majority of the analyzed calculi from patients are composed of calcium oxalate (CaOx) monohydrate whewellite (Wh) and CaOx dihydrate wedellite (Wd). The urinary calculi were identified by chemical and morphological analysis based on106 urine samples from human voluntary. The Crystalluria made by an optical polarized light microscopy. The oxaluria and urinary calcium were determined by conventional volumetric assays. The aim of this paper was to develop a simple system to predict and classify the type of crystalluria using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) algorithm.

The goal of this study is to develop a simple intelligent urolithiasis diagnosis system. The accuracy of the system was determined by comparing the recognition rates of the Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)-, k-nearest Neighbor (kNN)-, and Support Vector Machines (SVM) algorithms. The results showed that the ANN model was superior to SVM and KNN models in prediction. We aimed through this work to classify the subjects in three classes according to the chemical concentrations of variables (Ca, Ox, pCaOx, Ca/ Ox) using and according to their clinical status. The ANN model, used to determine the first class that contains the subjects presenting their urine a calcium oxalate monohydrate (CaC2O4,H2O : whewellite (Wh)) crystal type. This ANN model reached a correct prediction rate of 85.3%. Using SVM- and KNN model the correct prediction rate reached 82.6% and 65.55% respectively. The second class contains the subjects presenting a calcium oxalate dihydrate (CaC2O4,2H2O wedellite (Wd)) crystal type. The ANN-, SVM- and KNN model reached a 93.4%-, 94.2%- and 77.25% correct prediction rate, respectively. In third class that corresponds to the subjects who have negative crystalluria (NC), ANN-, SVM- and KNN model reached a 91.7%-, 87.8%- and 69.77% correct prediction rate, respectively. Compared to SVM- and KNN models, the developed system using ANN model has allowed us to discriminate the subjects. This system is important in clinical laboratories since it could be a helpful tool for provide information about the development, formation of urinary stones crystals and the determination of their crystal type.

The present work reports a comparative study of spontaneous crystalluria for non- and goitrous patients with the aim to determine its correlation with parathyroid gland activity and goiter etiology. The crystalluria was accessed based on optical polarized light microscopy (OPLM). Goiter presents high woman predominance with an average age of 35.6 years. The frequency of majority constituents in crystalluria is age dependent and amorphous complex carbonated phosphates (ACCP) and uric acid (UA) are the frequent chemical species. The observed hyperphosphaturia can be explained by the estrogen's activity on parathyroid cells proliferation. The presence of oxalo-calcic crystalluria confirms hyperparathyroidism as one of the hypercalciuric kidney stone etiology. Clinical goiter diagnostic and treatment could be followed and confirmed by a simple fluctuations follow-up of crystalluria composition according to phosphate and calcium species.

A carbonaceous adsorbent prepared from hulls of Vitexdoniana by H3PO4 treatment was investigated for its efficiency in methylene blue (MB) and of methyl orange (MO) adsorption in aqueous solution. The characterizations of materials are carried out by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), pH (6.2) and the iodine index measurement which showed that our powder activated carbon is primarily made up of meso and macro pores. The influence of major parameters governing the efficiency of the process such as, solution pH, sorbent dose, initial concentration, ionic strength and contact time on the removal process was explored. The Times of balance of adsorption are obtained to 40 and 50 minutes respectively for the MB and MO. The outputs of elimination of the molecules of the MB and MO to this balance are respectively to 85.92% and 46.60%. The variation of pH showed that the maximum of adsorption of the MB is with pH=10 and for MO, the maximum of adsorption is with pH=3. Four theoretical adsorption isotherms namely Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin -Radushkevic were used to describe the experimental results. The models of Temkin and Dubinin- Radushkevic describe better the adsorption of the methylene blue. The model of Langmuir is that which corroborates, better than others, with the experimental results in the case of methyl orange. The reaction of adsorption of the two dyes is endothermic and the mechanism of adsorption is chemical. The pseudo-first order kinetic models, pseudo second order, Elovich and intra particulate have been applied to the experimental data and that which is appropriate is the kinetic model of pseudo second order.