Mushroom cultivation needs a selected organic substrate obtained during a composting process which is, in some aspects, quite different from the classical one. The aim is to analyse chemical and physical aspects of a composting process for mushroom cultivation in order to point out the peculiar characteristics, which enable a much faster preparation of the substrate. Raw materials were straw, chicken manure, gypsum and ammonium sulphate. In a very short time (11-13 days) the process led to a well-stabilised biomass, as it was shown by humification indexes, C/N ratio trend, organic carbon oxidation and ammonia nitrogen concentration decrease. In comparison to the classical composting procedure, a lower level of ammonia nitrogen and an organic nitrogen enrichment were present in the compost for mushroom cultivation. In addition, the high level of the substrate moisture, more than 75%, well above the limit normally recommended, has probably favoured the microbial growth rendering the process more efficient and faster.

Using principal components analysis, this research examines main factors in members of parliament’s election by intellectuals in Butembo, North-Kivu town, in Democratic Republic of the Congo. Results show that rational choice theory best explains intellectual voter’s behavior in Butembo. Their choice was mainly determined by the intellectual capacity of the candidate to represent people at 73.9%, by development realizations at 52.2 %, and by his professional and political experience (42.6%). Among the 14 reasons considered in the study, the total explained variance prove that the three cited factors explain by themselves 40.8% of Butembo intellectuals’ vote motivations. Furthermore, this study has shown that the intellectuals can give the right diagnostic of voters in Butembo. This paper has been improved with the participation of Professor Muhindo Masivi Osée.

This work focuses on evaluation the electronic stability of the Harshaw 6600 Plus reader. For this evaluation, a control procedure of electronic components of the reader was developed to quantify normal ranges of variation and annual average trends. These are: the temperature of the nitrogen regulator thermocouple, the high voltage, the reference light, and the background noise of the photomultiplier tubes. The results show that the optimal operating values specific to our working conditions were respectively for pellet ii of 23.460C - 31.98oC; 797.1V - 798.8V; 73.10 nC - 90.29 nC; 0.037 nC - 0.44 nC; respectively for pellet (iii) of 23.680C-32.230C; 810.8V-811.6V; 78.14nC-97.95 nC. ; 0.07nC-0.31 nC; an evolution rates, not significant below 0.5% and 1% for the background of the photomultiplier tubes and the temperature of the thermocouple; constant 0.05% of the high voltage; not significant above 2% for the reference light parameter for positions (ii) and (iii) were respectively observed between years. The high voltage and the photomultiplier exhibited stability during all the time of our study, on the other hand certain parameters like the temperature of the thermocouple, the reference light sometimes presented instabilities. Overall, the current state of our system is satisfactory for its continued use.

La présente étude a porté sur la problématique de la mévente et de la transformation de la tomate au Burkina Faso. En prenant le cas de la production de la tomate au barrage de Toecé dans la province du Passoré, cette étude a pour objectif de démontrer que la communication peut, de diverses manières contribuer à une amélioration de la situation de la vente et de la transformation de la tomate au Burkina Faso. Des résultats de cette étude, on retient principalement que les barrières linguistiques, les intermédiaires lors de la vente des tomates et le manque d’unités de transformation à l’échelle nationale sont les véritables problèmes qui mine le secteur de la tomate. Des solutions allant de d’actions à des innovations de nouvelles technologies de la communication ont été proposées face à la problématique de cette étude.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of farmers' willingness to pay (CAP) amounts for the use of microdose technology components on farms in the Kourittenga and Zondoma provinces of Burkina Faso. Faced with the precariousness of the productivity of their lands, farmers make investments in the practice of innovative microdose technology to improve and maintain the productive capital of crop plots. However, the factors determining the amounts granted for the practice of the components are little known. The literature in this area is generally focused on the perception of technology adoption and less on the determinants of investment and willingness to pay. The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of farmers' willingness to pay (CAP) amounts for the use of microdose technology components on farms in the Kourittenga and Zondoma provinces of Burkina Faso. A survey was conducted among 360 farm households in municipalities in both provinces and the data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Heckman's two-stage selection model was used for this study The results of the analysis revealed that: experience in microdose technique, social status, area, land tenure and distance from fields are factors influencing willingness to pay reported by farming households for the practice of the components 'Stony Cordons + Compost + Microdose'; the 'Zai + Compost + Microdose' and the 'Zaï + Manure + Microdose'. While household size, available area, level of education, literacy and farm income influence the amounts reported by farmers. However, the great heterogeneity of farmers' characteristics and the different contexts impose case-by-case options in order to take into account local specificities.

The current study involves the effect of zeta potential and magnetic field on the physical properties (electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, contact angel and surface tension) so as the absorbance by (UV-Visible) on the water in order to compared with them. Also, the use three magnetic devices with different intensities (1000, 2500, 5000) Gauss and zeta rod (ZRS-R) with constant voltage (30±) Kv. The operation system in zeta rod depended on re-cycling the water and sampling during (30, 60, 90) min, but in magnetic treatments were used the water directly after magnetized it. The physical tests showed a clear improvement in the properties of water especially in the surface tension and contact angel about 10% of the original value to the zeta rod treatment and 15% for magnetic treatment in the intensity 5000 Gauss also the results showed the increasing in absorbance, TDS, CON comparing with untreated water. The obvious improvement of the water physical properties approve that magnetic treatment is more effective about7% than zeta rod, especially in the high intensities.

The present study was conducted to investigate the biological degradation of Zearalenone using by Iraqi probiotic 2% (w/v) and yeast filtrate of Saccharomyces boulardii using one of the mammalian system (white mouse ) which had an active influence in removing or reduction of toxic effects of mycotoxin Zearalenone on liver and kidney tissues of males white mice that extracted from fungal isolate Fusarium graminearum produced Zearalenone at concentration (2 mg / kg body weight) . As observed a clear improvement in liver and kidney tissues for group of mice that fed contaminated diet by Fusarium graminearum produced Zearalenone with Iraqi probiotic and yeast filtrate compared with positive control ( group of mice fed contaminated diet by Fusarium graminearum produced Zearalenone ) that caused the histological changes in liver and kidney tissues ,which represented by congestion vascular with necrosis and degeneration in hepatic cells in addition to reduction in glycoprotein granules. While, the histological changes in kidney tissue included congestion vascular and degeneration in distal and proximal tubules. The results of liver enzymes showed significant differences in positive group for three enzymes ALS , ALT and ALP reached ( 15.66, 14.66, 25.66 ) IU/ L respectively, compared with negative control (group of mice did not fed contaminated diet by Fusarium graminearum produced Zearalenone ) which reached for three enzymes ALS , ALT and ALP (15.66,22.00,13.33) IU/ L respectively. However, the results of the interaction between mice fed contaminated diet by Fusarium graminearum produced Zearalenone with Iraqi probiotic and yeast filtrate were shown significant increasing for ALS, ALT, ALP enzymes in addition to urea concentrations in kidney tissue compared with positive control.

Digitalization of agriculture may be a solution to feed a huge growing population in the future. Application of big data is a key tool to digitalize the agriculture sector. Though there is a long debate on its applicability to agriculture, this study aims to address how big data technology contribute to digital agriculture in terms of sustainable farm management. The study uses an extensive review of current research work and studies in agriculture for exploring the best and compatible practices which can help farmers at field level for increasing production and improving quality. This study reveals several available big data technologies and practices in agriculture for solving the current problems and future challenges at the field level. The study reveals that application of big data technologies in agriculture is growing but still at low level. It also explores that there are a few technologies used for crop production, plant protection, livestock production, fisheries, post-harvest management and market development. The study finds out some challenges such as privacy of data, data availability, quality and openness, financial investment, lack of expertise and context specific technology. The study recommends that a large-scale adoption of agricultural big data technologies require government initiatives, a public-private partnership, the openness of data, financial investment and regional basis research work.

Street vendors go on an essential role to fulfill the demands of many urban rural dwellers as well as pedestrian across the country and all over the world. The aim of this study is to explore the dynamics of small entrepreneurship and its contribution to poverty alleviation and sustainable livelihood. A quantitative oriented qualitative mixed method has been applied in this study. The study reveals that a large number of people are directly and indirectly engaged with the street vendor profession and are contributing to the economy of Bangladesh. Three ideas constitute the central message of this study. Firstly, a large number of people are generating income through street vending by which the ways and means for developing street entrepreneurship. Secondly, this small entrepreneurship has a great contribution to poverty reduction and sustainable livelihood of many street vendors. Thirdly, this study has explored the obstacles faced by street vendors in Bangladesh. Some problems of city dwellers are created by street vending such as lack of formalization, weak management system, producing street garbage and gathering crowd on the footpath. By the implementation of the proper public management system, street vendors would become a role model for the national economy.

Our study focused on analyzes of environmental samples to determine if there is a risk of contamination or likely pollution. To do this, we performed a series of samples of water samples for physicochemical and microbiological characterization as well as soil samples for the characterization of metallic trace elements. At the end of these characterizations it appears that the pH of the samples were acidic and varied between 4.33 and 6.30. The three elements Copper, Manganese and Cadmium in the waters were characterized by high values in the well water samples. The soil analysis showed that there is no pollution link with the metallic trace elements because the parameter values analyzed meet the required standards. Without knowing the limit values of certain elements such as Zinc, Iron, Nickel, Manganese, Sodium, Magnesium and Calcium we had the difficulty to pronounce about. As for microbiological analyzes, the waters showed, for some poorly maintained wells, the presence of enteric organisms as well as total coliforms; This shows that these waters have been in contact with surface water and a possibility of infiltration of septic water that could cause some waterborne diseases.

Introduction: Malaria is the most common parasitic infection in the world. It is present in the endemic-epidemic state south of the Sahara and is responsible for high morbidity and mortality, following the complications observed in its evolution. This work aims to objectify the contribution of malaria in the genesis of severe anemia in children aged 0 to 59 months. Patients & Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive cross-sectional study of pre-school children hospitalized at the Moba Reference General Hospital for severe anemia from 2013 to 2014, ie two years. Results: Of 2410 hospitalizations, 1044 children aged zero to 59 months (43.3%) were anemic. An average age of 24.2 months and a significant predominance in children under three years of age; the female sex slightly affected in a non-significant way; the etiological analysis showed significantly that malaria (80.5%) is the leading cause of severe anemia, followed by malnutrition (7.3%) and intoxication with indigenous products (5.8%). ). Tachycardia (97.3%), cutaneo-mucous pallor (97.1%), tachypnea (87.5%) and fever (84.0%) were more evoked among the clinical signs. In the majority of cases (95.0%), the evolution was good after transfusion (96.5%). Overall mortality was around 5.0%, mainly before transfusion. Conclusion: In endemic areas, malaria must be sought after in children with severe anemia. Preventive measures against malaria need to be strengthened. The use of blood transfusions must take into account the standards in force.

Education is fundamental in the life and development of the human being. Man as a social being is compeled to live in community, and education is a key element for his human and social development. Given the importance accorded to our subject and its effort in the communication world, Internet is a means likely to facilitate interconnexion among pupils and the rest of the world in order to facilitate their scientific exchanges but also to widen their relations. This work does not only focus on scientific purpose, but it also enables us to suggest to the DRC government some recommendations in order to regulate communication on Internet and social media, especially when used by adolescents.

Purpose: The hepatitis C-Auto-immune hepatitis overlap syndrome is an uncommon condition whose management can be difficult in both diagnosis and treatment. Patients et méthodes: 62 old years women, without particular history Hepatitis C was proven by a positive HCV viral load and the autoimmune hepatitis was proven by characteristic immunological and/or histological features.Liver function tests was prescribed. Search for hepatitis B and C viral markers was performed by chimiluminescence, the viral load of the virus VHC was performed by molecular biology. The nuclear anti body were detected by indirect immunofluorescence on hep cells 20-10.Solubles antigens was performed by dot blot Résults: Laboratory studies showed a lever transaminase ALAT at 220 UI /l, ASAT at 231 UI /l, hypergammaglobulineamia at 30g/l, HVC seropositive, high viral load at 6.19 106 UI/ml. The nuclear antibody showed cytoplasmic fluorescence, Anti DNA were negative, liver biobsy showed lymphocytic infiltrates and steatosis Conclusion: This case illustrates diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties of hepatitis C–AIH overlap syndromes, this study highlights the deciding contribution of the initial histological findings in the diagnosis of such a HCV/autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome.

Introduction: Carbapenemase is a bactericidal antibiotic. They are first line treatments for severe infections, especially those caused by Gram negative Multidrug Resistant Bacteria (BMRs), such as spectrum extended spectrum beta lactamase Enterbacteriaceae, several phenotypic techniques have been proposed for the rapid detection of OPCs. In this work we will establish a comparaison of the performances of the two phenotypic methods of detection of carbapenemases: the Modified Hodge test and EUCAST algorithm. Results: A total of 18 enterobacterial strains were identified. The iodentification by the Api 10S gallery showed: a predominance of Klebsiella pneumoniae with a rate of 48%, followed by Enterbacter cloacae with a rate of 30%. The detection of carbapenemase production in the 18 enterobacterial strains was first performed by the Modified Hodge test, It revealed 83%. positivity and 17% negativity, the screening algorithm applied to 18 islates of the collected EPCs, showed a pourcentage of positivity of 78% which is more significant than the percentage of negativity 22%. The PCR reaction in final time allowed us to detect 15/18 strains of enterobacteriaceae producing genes encoding carbapenemases and therefore a percentage of positivity of 83,34%. This percentage of positivity with the use of real-time PCR 88,89%, detecting an increased strain of EPC more. Conclusion: At the end of our work, the screening algorithm proposed by EUCAST is the detection of EPCs dating from a good sensitivity and specificity according to the recommandations of learned societies.

INTRODUCTION: Primary arthritis is a rare form of meningococccal disease. It occurs as an isolated acute purulent arthritis without meningitis, and presence of Neisseria meningitidis in articular fluid. PATIENT AND OBSERVATION: We report the case of an infant aged 45 days without any particular medical history presenting isolated primitive monoarthritis of the left knee to Neisseria meningitidis group B unhurt of meningeal infringement, at Children's Abderrahim El Harouchi hospital of Casablanca. The examination in the admission showed a feverish infant, with presence of a painful and inflammatory effusion of the left knee. The neurological examination was normal and did not reveal signs of meningeal infringement. The articular draining resembled a purulent liquid whose cytobacteriogical examination showed the presence of neutrophils in heap, the culture revealed the presence of Neisseria meningitidis. The serogroup allowed to show that it was about the serogroup B. This result was confirmed by molecular biology (PCR). The study of the sensitivity in antibiotics by E-test revealed an origin sensitive to the penicillin G and to the 3rd-generation cephalosporin. An evacuation of the articular effusion was performed and an antibiotic treatment with ampicillin-sulbactam and of gentamicin was administred, allowing a favorable evolution within a few days. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of primitive arthritis with meningococcus without meningeal infringement is infrequent, but probably underestimated because of the rarity of the practice of the articular punctions and the blood cultures in front of these situations. The diagnosis and the early treatment of this pathology allow a cure without long term-side effects.

The preventive attack consists in destroying or degrading this state capacity or a non state actor, before the latter becomes a threat to the security. This is not different from the case of what appended with the destruction of reactor nuclear of Israel at Osirak in 1981. Furthermore, at the moment, the present paper has been written, Israel has clearly indicated its intention of destroying the Iranian nuclear central enrichment. Taking account the attacks of September 11, 2001, the USA has adopted the notion of war preventive as a new strategic approach for its security. However, the fight against terrorism implies a wide cooperation between the different actors. In this article, we want to know how the United States of America can, them self only, fight terrorism? How to put an end to financial stabilization or how to fight climate change alone?

This reflection is a contribution in the passionate, fascination and agitated debate about the balkanization attempts and risk in the Democratic Republic of Congo, further to a plot of a long time by some influential members of the international community with their aim of exploiting Congo. We wanted in what to analyze the situation, not by speculate on it but by presenting the balkanization phenomena evolution, own determination or the creation of ethno national entities in the modern history of the world, related to the end of the hidden war, which may collapse between the Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union.

Incest is a long-standing practice in our society, yet the same seven-letter word is still appalling to hear, because it has been shown that people who have lived incest experience terrible psychological and physical consequences and disastrous. In the twenty-first century, when an abused person wishes to denounce the situation, she is afraid of retaliation and she prefers to shut herself up in the silence and the denial of her many sufferings. Yet, it is important to talk about it and find ways to help these thousands of victims who are still living with the aftermath of abuse. This article focuses on incest in its large and restricts sense of the term; while elucidating the psychological consequences and the stakes incurred by those who experienced incest at a young age in the "Modern" families. In this way, we will attempt to illustrate the deep scars that the drama has left in these people in order to understand the complexity of the experience, the prohibition that surrounds it and the transgression of the forbidden, by asking ourselves about cultural diversity “Nande” in all its eras and according to its own history.

This research examines the relationships between groups of variables. In other words, it comes together to explain the indicators of loyalty and involvement respectively by those psychosocial factors, management and career motivation. The survey of 38 items was administered to 200 employees of micro-finance and canonical analysis is the explanatory methodology used. The result show that psychosocial factors have the greatest explanatory power (58,14%), as against 50,76% for the career management and 44,57% for motivation. Loyalty and commitment are jointly explained by the amount of work, the help of superiors at work, their social support, training-job adequation, the existence of an advancement scale, knowledge on workstations profile, the employee’s competence, internal promotion, bonuses, external equity and intrinsic motivation. Although the results coincide with those of our predecessors, some discrepancies still exist and may be due to the characteristics of micro-finance and the regional nature of this research.

This study sims to show the functioning of alternation of speech and the subjectivity relative to stylistics in Maman a un amant and Le petit prince de Belleville. All literary texts suppose a discursive lineary strategy, a main teamster, which are the narrator and its personage. In this case, the speech is given by two narrators within the same fictional work in order to highlight the existential situation of black immigrants in the west. Each narrator has a fictional authority in the face of the powerlessness of the character. Also, he has an autonomous subject and a production model. In the first novel, the speech of Loukoum is indirect (time new roman), that of M’ammaryam, his second mother with an indirect speech, and in the second novel, the speech of Loukoum is written in an indirect style in; that of Abdou Traore his father in an indirect style. Meanwhile, the method of execution of alternation by syntagmatic and semantic, renders the totality of reported expressions and thoughts of others homogeneous. The appeal to genetic stylistics focalized on the question of the subject in the speech, remains our preoccupation, Spitzer (1970:8). This process of appropriation of language through the enunciative content of the reported speech via alternation situates the enunciator in the utterance and leads to exclusive predomination of the narrator.

The overall objective of this research work is to map Lean initiatives in Moroccan companies, to understand the implementations in terms of Lean tools and continuous improvement project and also to identify the adaptations and adjustments necessary to the application of the Lean approach taking into account local specificities related to culture, history, geographical location and technical and organizational aspects. In this context, we will present a state of the art on previous research that has addressed the issues of productivity, hunting waste and implementation of continuous improvement approach and operational excellence in Moroccan companies. We will then focus on the problem of the maturity of Lean management and the self-assessment tools of the Lean maturity that we intend to develop and adapt for Moroccan companies and especially SMEs.

The present study aimed to identify the level of political contribution among the students of the Faculty of Administrative Sciences at Hadramout University. To achieve the objective of this study, a scale is prepared for the political contribution of (20) students in the second semester of the academic year 2016/2017 on a randomly selected sample of (185). The results of the study revealed that the level of political participation among the students was moderate, the results also showed statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05 = α) in the level of students political contribution attributed to the gender variable in favor of males, while the results did not show statistically significant differences due to the variables of specialization and the level of study.

The department of Daloa is located in central-west of Côte d’Ivoire. It belongs to the Lobo river watershed, a part of the Sassandra river. Water supply of populations from the city is done by the river Lobo. This water resource is faced to the pollution of water quality. This pollution came from anthropogenic activities. This study is carried out to know the physico-chemistry quality of water from Lobo river Daloa. The hydrochemical and multivariate statistical analysis technics were used for the study. The results show that the water of Lobo river is acid with pH value which ranges from 6.6 to 6.9 ; with an average of 6.8. Water is fresh with a low electric conductivity value which range from 192.3 µS/cm to 316 µS/cm. The chimical facies of water is the hydrofacies of is HCO3>Mg2+> Ca2+. The mineralization of water from Lobo river is led by the contact water-rock and anthropogenic activities. The study presents the physico-chemical characteristics of water from Lobo River. It determined the potential sources of pollution of surface water. Then, the study ensures sustainable management of the resource.

Political communication corresponds to the intervention of the political body at decisive moments, particularly during election campaigns or debates. The King of Morocco, as representative of the nation, intervenes at national festivals or on occasions imposed by the political agenda (meeting with a head of state, opening of the parliamentary session, etc.) Speech dedicated to the people and the international community. The construction of his discourse is based on methods of persuasion and argumentation that call upon traditional and modern concepts, in this case allegiance and the Constitution. Social and psychological identity functions in correlation with the discursive identity in order to communicate to the audience an ethos of legitimacy and credibility.

In a more and more globalized context, the research of the performance of firms passes inevitably by innovation. So, the traditional analysis of relation between innovation and performance to be the object of a broad literature and watch that the critical purpose of innovation is to make grow the performance of the firm. In effect, since the provisions of Schumpeter (1943) considering innovation as main source of the long-term success of the firm, and until our days innovation remains a stake of the performance of SMES. These firms marked by certain peculiarities think they are struck in problems of financing of innovation. The research of the mode of optimum financing proves to be difficult and depends on several variables which the firm must manage. It is in this objective that we estimate, across this job, guide the firm towards an efficient management of the financing of innovation, key mailman of performance of firms.

This theoretical article aims to make a state of the art on prospective studies applied to the dynamics of land use and the use of water resources. As a first step, it presents a general overview of prospective studies by providing a refined and consensual definition of foresight, by presenting a brief history of the evolution of prospective studies worldwide, by presenting the scenario method in prospective and the two big families of scenarios (exploratory or forecasting and normative or backcasting). In a second step, he tackles the question of the prospective study and the dynamics of the occupation of the soil and use of the soil. Thirdly, it presents prospective studies and water resources on a given territory.

The Belly Prune Syndrome is an extremely rare and complex anatomo-radiological entity with a clear male predominance. It is characterized by hypoplasia of the abdominal musculature, abnormalities of the urinary tract and bilateral cryptorchidism forming the classic triad of the syndrome. This pathology is associated in 75% of cases with pulmonary, skeletal, cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations. Nous illustrons l’article par un cas clinique rapportant le diagnostic positif du syndrome de Prune Belly.

The article titled ‘the Importance of an engineering learning Management multimedia System for the Production of an African University Curriculum Geared towards the Achievement of Long Lasting Development in the African Continent ‘ is a qualitative research. The objective was two-dimensional. Our first target was geared towards finding out if an engineering learning multimedia system could be of help to a group of African university researchers to overcome the problem of distance and of cultural differences so as to produce ‘a University African Curriculum’. Our second target was to fuel a future debate on the advantages and the disadvantages of the inclusion a multimedia learning management system into a ‘university African curriculum’. To check the validity of the hypotheses, two samples were randomly chosen. They were made of students exposed to two controversial sources of law. Data collection methods were used, allowing for the verification of those hypotheses. Interestingly, the description of the results indicated that controversial law impacted on the way the sample perceived the world, hence, they showed that they two controversial sources of law resulted into the hindrance of direct communication between the two different samples of students. It was ultimately concluded that an engineering learning management multimedia system known under SALSA could gather university African researchers for them to produce an African University Curriculum for long lasting development in Africa.

Cervical pregnancy is one of the few ectopic locations after abdominal pregnancy. It is characterized by the migration of the conceptus the cervical canal sometimes simulating an ongoing abortion. Her diagnosis should be suspected in any woman with risk factors who has suggestive clinical criteria. The ultrasonographic criteria that have been described for this diagnosis are: closed internal orifice of the cervix, peritrophoblastic vascular flow detected in infra-cervical. MRI can be helpful in confirming the diagnosis. The anatomopathological study comes to focus on the diagnosis in case of surgical treatment. The treatment of cervical pregnancy uses several local, systemic methods, endoscopic, and surgical. Until now, no standard treatment is available in the literature. The therapeutic indications are then variously appreciated in the literature, the medical treatment using the Methotrexate is currently the treatment of choice before 12 weeks of amenorrhea, with or without potassium chloride. As for surgical treatment is placed in second line after failure of methotrexate, however some experienced practitioners prefer hysteroscopic resection, and embolization of the uterine artery associated or not with medical treatment. The choice of the technique will depend on the evolution of the initial treatment.

Objectives of this article is to put at the disposal of the administrators a risk map for the contamination of surface waters in the watershed of the Oued Martil dam, allowing them to reduce the possible damages susceptible to affect them as a result of a poor management due to the lack of information. Such a map is the result of the superposition of vulnerability maps in the contamination of superficial waters and that of the danger map. The contamination danger map of the watershed of the Oued Martil dam lets appear the "Low" class correlative to the activities of the agriculture, Douars, careers, oil-works and the road, represents a percentage of 50,27%. Almost the same percentage is attributed to the very low "class"; this one coincides with the main valley and the unwooded grounds (naked lands). These two classes are ill-assorted throughout the study area. The considered contamination vulnerability map in this study is that elaborated following the application of DKPR method, considering the natural characteristics of the environment having an effect on the contamination of surface waters. About the contamination risk map of the studied dam shows the predominance of the low degree classes which extend more than 98 % of the surface of the concerned watershed. They reflect the low effect of the anthropological activities distributed on the surface of our watershed on the waters contamination.