Taking a strawberry harvesting process is tedious and requires a lot of time for dedication, because small periods of time must be followed for the strawberry harvesting process and these times go hand in hand with revisions of the fruit in its entirety. Situation that falls on the need for a system that helps the collector as the main entity to keep track of said process, that is, software that can differentiate and select between colors and characteristics to be able to collect the strawberry. This problem leads to the development of a system that complies by means of algorithm the whole process to choose the strawberry at its exact point of maturation. The implementation of the algorithm contains a methodology based on a sequence of subprocesses such as: Pre-Processed, Segmentation and Extraction of Characteristics to be able to decide by means of an algorithm that strawberry is minutes for its subsequent collection. The elaboration of the system was used in MATLAB because it has more familiar functions to image processing and many projects derived in this area are made or carried out in this tool. It will have data collection in MySQL and finally, the data will be displayed in an Android application for the internal interested party.

Background: over 240 million of people are chronic hepatitis B carriers globally, acquired basically through vertical transmission. The infection is proportionally represented in all continent across the global. Purpose: The aim of this study is to systematically review articles to identify the most effective preventive measure to curb perinatal transmission of hepatitis B. Methods: A systematic search was done in PubMed and Science Direct for review and research articles with keywords used in this review. The research was restricted to January 2016 to December 2019 for open access review and research articles. I also searched for bibliographies for original research and studies Principal Results: Perinatal transmission hepatitis B is the main cause of chronic hepatitis B. Interventions like routine vaccination Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine, combination of HBV vaccine and Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin, Antiviral therapy, and route of delivery (cesarean section and vaginal) has significantly influence in transmission of Hepatitis B to newborns. The combined interventions enumerated in World Health Organization (WHO) Health Strategy for curbing viral hepatitis is the ideal way to eliminate the disease by 2030 Major Conclusion: Identified preventive measure for curbing the spread of mother-to child transmission of Hepatitis B, singly not efficacious enough to eliminate the infection. Challenges identified in each implementation is solved with combination of two or more strategies put together. This is in agreement with WHO global health strategy 2030, for preventing viral hepatitis. More so, there is the need to identify the most effective preventive measure using meta-analysis.

This work focused on sanitation in a university environment deals with both the material and the functional components necessary for students, future professionals and development agents to adopt behaviors favorable to sanitation and the promotion of environment and, through them, the community is brought to change.

In this article, we address the issue of the results of the elections held in Africa in general and in DR Congo in particular. It should be noted that each time there is an election, the results of the latter have always been contested because deemed not credible by the stakeholders, hence this article wants to suggest possible solutions so that it stops.

The development of fish farming in Benin is facing enormous constraints. For sustainability of fish farming systems, these constraints must be removed. The objective of this research is to identify the determinants of the ecological sustainability of fish farming systems in the Ouémé valley in southern Benin. For this, 300 fish farmers randomly selected were surveyed in four communes of the Ouémé Valley. These are the communes of Ouinhi, Bonou, Adjohoun and Dangbo. The Ecological Sustainability Score (EDS) was calculated using the IDAqua Approach that uses the sustainability indicators in aquaculture. Then a multiple linear regression was used to identify the factors determining the level of ecological sustainability of fish farming systems. The results indicate globally, fish farmers have an ecological sustainability score of 39.25 out of 100. The regression carried out showed that the level of ecological sustainability of fish farming systems in the Ouémé valley in southern Benin are economic efficiency, the level of primary schooling, the level of higher education and fish farming as the main activity. The results suggest that the authorities are putting in place policies where fish farmers are themselves trained to produce the foods they use while minimizing production costs. Under these conditions, one could expect an improvement in the ecological sustainability of fish farming systems.

Public administration in Africa has been undergoing restructuring for two decades. This process is justified by the dysfunction, if not by the lack of professionalism in the public service. In this restructuring, the consideration of values is necessary. However, in the absence of an architectonic ethical value capable of coordinating all other values, the process of such a revitalization only leads to the personal disengagement of public administration agents in Africa and the impoverishment of their relation to work, which leads in return, in other ways, to difficulties similar to those which we seek to solve. The purpose of the present paper is therefore to indicate that restructuring, in order to correct the decay of public administration services in Africa and to achieve an efficient productivity gain that can enhance economic efficiency, requires an architectonic ethical value, to coordinate others. This architectural value for us is nothing but justice. Our work starts from the necessity of the reform of the public administration in Africa to the requirement of the taking into account of the ethical values and finishes by emphasizing the Rawlsian conception of the justice as architectonic ethical value for a public administration efficient in Africa.

In the Mediterranean region, the magnitude of floods and their frequencies imposes their consideration by forest managers and local decision makers. In this context, the identification of areas expected to be affected by floods is a fundamental information to improve the management of this risk. The methodology developed in this paper allows presenting a tool to assess flooding risk across the river basin. It is based on the idea that the risk of flooding is the resultant of the random factor (frequency of natural phenomena) and the vulnerability factor (sensitivity of land use). The purpose of this article is to make a flood risk map of the Oued Laou plain, which includes the two urban areas Oued Laou. The realization of this map requires a hydrological study to calculate the maximum capacity of the region and a hydraulic study to determine the speed and height of the centennial flood of Oued Laou using the Iber 2.0.3 software. The results will be presented as thematic maps, using the Arcgis 9.3 software, which enable to managers and local authorities to propose mitigation measures in areas expected to be affected by the floods and to act more efficiently in case of flooding. Thus, the study showed the prevalence of high flood hazard while the vulnerability is more moderate; indeed, it is increasingly felt with the growth known in the region in terms of urban planning and infrastructure.

In this study, Presidential Majority and Governance in the DRC, it has been demonstrated how the presidential majority is a confused alliance from the doctrinal, ideological and even natural point of view, a reality which led it to the adoption of the division of power as a mode of governance, This mode is certainly attested throughout both the national and provincial government that the presidential majority had to carry out in the same way as the government GIZENGA, MUZITO, MATATA. Thus, only a political alliance does not result in the emergence of good governance perceptible by the ability to listen to and respond to the governed, political stability and the absence of violence, efficiency of government, quality of regulation, rule of law.

In East Africa, highland bananas (AAA-EA, Musa spp.) are a primary staple crop for smallholders (<2 ha) who traditionally practice labor-intensive non-mechanized farming, often with common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) as an understorey intercrop. At the onset of the wet season, farmers till their banana fields to allow the bean intercropping. This study aimed at testing whether tillage with a forked hoe would causes less damage to the banana root system than the traditional hand hoe. Measurements were taken in Walungu / Sud-Kivu in the Eastern DR Congo. A field trial with highland bananas was planted in April 2008 to explore the impact of mulching and tillage on banana performance. It consisted of a randomized complete block design with four treatments and four replicates. On September 2010, each T0 plot (i.e., tilled with blade hoe and mulch removed at onset of wet season) was divided into two sub-plots. The first sub-plot was tilled with conventional hoe (blade) whereas a forked hoe was used in the second sub-plot. Banana root fresh weight and length of cord roots were assessed at 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil depths using the core sampling method. No significant difference was found between the two tillage tools, either in terms of root fresh weight or root length. For both blade hoe and forked hoe, tillage decreased significantly the root fresh weight and root length within the 0-10 cm soil layer, but showed little impact at greater depth. We conclude that any type of tillage practiced with a hoe by the farmers in the study area strongly affects the banana root system in the topsoil.

The aim of this study is to compare a greenhouse solar drying simulated by a developed numerical model, with the actual experimental drying of cocoa beans. Thus, using multiphysical models (based on conservation laws of energy, mass and momentum within the dryer and beans), it was possible to simulate the greenhouse drying behavior of the beans. The resolution of the developed equation system was done using the finite element method of COMSOL Multiphysics 4.0 software. For the validation of the numerical model, an experimental study has been developed at the designed dryer. In this study, a drying operation of cocoa beans was conducted. The characteristics of the drying air (temperature, relative humidity and speed) as well as the mass of the beans were regularly determined over time. The results indicate that, in general, there is good agreement between the experimental results and the simulated results (R close to unity). This allows a validation of the mathematical model of the drying of cocoa beans within the greenhouse type solar dryer used.

This article analyzes the perception of the inhabitants of Nyangezi about the care offered by the general reference hospital of Nyangezi. Having noted the use of this population for charlatans and or prayer rooms in the first place, for a late recourse to our care; we thought we would do this research to find out what the people of Nyangezi think about the care offered by HGR / NYANGEZI. There is a need here to diagnose the level of satisfaction of the inhabitants of Nyangezi on the care offered by the general reference hospital of Nyangezi and present to the hospital team, as well as other bodies involved, the guidelines for remedy this situation. The hospital service is indeed complex and presents many aspects such as reception, care, medical monitoring, carrying out technical examinations,… the more the care services are abundant, the more the grounds where one can express his dissatisfaction are numerous..

The natives of Bushi speak Mashi, a language that brings about confusion to its learners since a single verb may bear more than one meaning. By dint of noticing that this is an obstacle to the mastery of the language in question, we have tried to explain and bring more light to the matter. To do so, we have collected some Shi verbs, namely the ones we thought were useful for the fulfillment of the present work. It was realized that people who learn Mashi as their second language ignore that the latter is a tone language. This is mostly manifested in Shi verbs. Besides, we have noticed that a learner of Mashi needs to pay much attention to vocalic length, and also the context or circumstances in which any single Shi utterance is provided.

Non-Saturated Flow Drying Beds permit the effective treatment of septic tank discharge sludge. However, they are vulnerable to clogging. To ensure the sustainability of this technology, through the choice of a suitable filter bed, an unsaturated flow model coupled with the variation of the biofilm has been developed. Calibration, validation and comparison of model simulation results and experimental results were performed on the basis of the NASH criterion. The simulations covered three types of sand: fine sand, medium sand and coarse sand. The results show that the maximum organic load applicable is 24.7 mgO2 / cm2 / day at the fine sand, 43.3 mgO2 / cm2 / day at the medium sand and 31.6 mgO2 / cm2 / day at the level of the sand coarse sand. Then, the Chemical Oxygen Demand removal yield is 92 % at the medium sand level versus 73 % for the coarse sand. Finally, medium sand is less vulnerable to clogging (91.3 %) than fine sand (95.45 %). So, of the three types of sand, it is the average sand that is best suited for the treatment of sludge septic tanks by Non-Saturated Flow Drying Beds. However, when the average sand is not available, the developed model makes it possible to fix the operating conditions and the purification yields of the available sand.

In the perspective of exploiting the economic opportunities for the recovery and reuse of waste as resources, our study aims to promote sanitation and improve agricultural productivity. It was assessed by collecting urine from households and drinking establishments in Katiola city, Toumbokaha and Kassémé villages and its use as a fertilizer. A total of 25 drinking alcohol operators and 258 households have agreed to install urine production equipment. They provided about 2.500 and 32.000 liters of urine per month. Studies have shown that wastewater facilities installed in households are more effective in providing urine through their frequent and regular use. Thus, households are more efficient in providing urine (more than 12 times) than public places. This means that individual sanitation is more effective than collective sanitation. These collected urines are hygienized by storage and applied as fertilizer to rice fields. The yields of urine fertilization are higher than those of chemical fertilizer fertilization, with the added benefits of herbicide. While improving rice productivity and thus soil fertility, urine ensures the sustainability of rice-based systems at economically bearable costs by producers. These results are an expression of the accession of the populations, a guarantee of the sustainability of the EcoSan approach, through their involvement in the production, collection and use of urine as fertilizer.

This article focuses on the taeching of the derivative in the 3rd year of science in the Democratic Republic of Congo. He poses the fundamental question of his conceptual meaning " what is it for ?" The field work has highligted the aspect calculations, algorithms of computation. Nothing special about what it's used for. This historical work of interptation of the derivative and to ask the question of how to introduce different aspects in our teaching.