In December 2019 an outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 was first observed in Wuhan, China. The virus has spread rapidly throughout the world creating a pandemic scenario. The incidence of Covid-19 infection is influenced by several factors such as: lockdown, restriction measures, social distancing, use of face masks, environmental temperature and viral load, vaccinations. This study describes the evolution of the incidence of Covid-19 infection in Campania (Region of Southern Italy) from September 2020 to August 2021.

Margine, effluents from olive oil extraction, pose serious pollution problems due to their high concentration of organic matter and Polyphenols, often discharged into river waters and thus represent a significant pollution load, consider as a source of concern for the region.In our study, we were interested in looking for treatment techniques to reduce the harmful effect of vegetable water, and the different areas that can benefit from the recovery of these effluents. The use of the two-phase system or that of improving the three-phase system by installing a pretreatment system (physicochemical and biological) in the oil mills, remain among the most suitable solutions to be applied in our region, the exploitation of our recommendations remains a little limited unfortunately, and this is mainly due to economic constraints.

Agriculture stays the main activity of the populations of the Township of Ouaké. The yam, Dioscorea alata, a rustic plant to spilled vegetative multiplication of by the diversity of its cultivated shapes in the world, is the main culture of this township. This survey aims to analyze the systems of production of the yam in the township of Ouake. To reach this objective, the methodological gait supported on the documentary research, the interviews, the investigations by questionnaires, the treatment of the data and the analysis of the results. The sample is constituted of 189 chosen individuals of way reasoned and is distributed on 06 precincts of the township. The SWOT tool has been used for the analysis of the results.Of the results of the present survey, it comes out again among others, that the yam doesn't cultivate itself in a successive way on a same parcel and stand always at the head of rotation. This rotation of yam culture in the township of Ouake follows itself on two to three years the insufficiency of the arable earths. The production of the yam is always superior to the other speculations of 2006 to 2017. The season (2010 - 2011) recorded the strongest output (1285kg/ha) on a surface cultivated of 4749 ha. The different cultivated varieties are: the precocious varieties (Aloupa, Ankploman, Ekpètilè, HèAbalo, Walassi, Wotanam, Abota, Lalboko, Gbèm, Katala) and the belated varieties (Alasola, Ewotolo, Kokopo, Kpassa, Wolouchahabim, Toufou, Yelian, Loli, Djadjabiou, Adè, Agbantao, Adjanfa). The techniques of cultures remain always traditional. These techniques had negative impacts on the environment. Some measures have been proposed in this survey in order to improve the systems of production and the merchandising.

In Burkina Faso, vegetable production is a very important asset for the socio-economic development. However, many constraints negatively affect its potential. The use of biological fertilization has been proved to be a satisfactory alternative to these issues. Therefore, this experiment uses some composts based on local substrates (Bokashi compost and compost enriched with Trichoderma harzianum) to study their agro-economic benefit on onion and their effects on soil chemical properties. The study was carried out in the Central-West region of Burkina Faso, using a completely randomized Fisher block design with six treatments in three replications. The applied treatments were: T0 (control); T1 (Trichoderma harzianum enriched compost + 175 kg ha-1 of NPK (14-23-14) + 50 kg ha-1 of urea (46%)); T2 (compost enriched with Trichoderma harzianum); T3 (350 kg ha-1 of NPK (14-23-14) + 100 kg ha-1 of urea (46%)); T4 (Bokashi compost + 175 kg ha-1 NPK (14-23-14) + 50 kg ha-1 urea (46%)); T5 (Bokashi compost). The results showed that the use of biological fertilizers enhanced onion yield compared to that of the control plot. In addition, the combination of compost enriched with Trichoderma harzianum and mineral fertilizer led to better yield increase of more than 200% compared to the control plot. Moreover, these biological fertilizers were able to stabilize soil pH neutrality and significantly increased soil organic matter content and its mineral properties (N, P, K, Mg, Ca). Then, for a sustainable and efficient agriculture, it would be necessary to disseminate these two composts in particular that enriched with Trichoderma harzianum having better agro-economic benefit and increasing soil fertility.

Medicinal plants are widely used in Africa, especially in rural areas, to meet primary health care needs. Among them Massularia acuminata (Rubiaceae) is mainly used for its aphrodisiac properties.In order to verify its acute toxicity, a single dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight (bw) of the ethanolic extract of the stems of this plant was administered to a group of 10 female rats. The control group, also consisting of 10 female rats, received only distilled water. During the 14 days observation, all clinical signs and deaths were reported. At the end of the study, the LD50, blood hematological and biochemical parameters, and hepatic and renal histological examination were performed.The results showed that the administration of the ethanolic extract of the stems of Massularia acuminata did not modify the behavior of the rats and the estimated LD50 was higher than 5000 mg/kg bw. The evaluation of hematological and biochemical parameters revealed a significant decrease (p <0.05) in the level of white blood cells and platelets, and a significant increase (p <0.05) in creatinine and total cholesterol. As for the histological study, apart from some hepatic apoptosis, the result did not show any hepatic and renal lesions.This study showed that the ethanolic extract of the stems of Massularia acuminata could exhibit hematotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity when higher doses were used.

This paper presents a new automated method for the detection and determination of building heights using their cast shadows. The approach consists in applying image processing using PCA and segmentation for the detection and recognition of buildings and their shadows. The height of the buildings is deduced by knowing the length of their shadow projected on the ground, the position (azimuth and zenith) of the sun and the sensor at the time of acquisition. These shadow analyses were carried out on a free satellite image from Google Earth. The results of the height calculations are used for the three-dimensional modelling of the buildings.The 3D models produced can be used for strategic decisions in the professional field and for urban monitoring and surveillance, as well as for various research studies on the relationship between building heights and natural and man-made phenomena: energy consumption and land subsidence. Our method, which requires a good precision of the geometric characteristics of the proposed remotely sensed data, has outperformed the majority of existing research as an automated approach to exploiting the shadows of several buildings in a single satellite image and their 3D reconstruction.

Population growth and human activities have negatively affected the vegetation cover in Côte d'Ivoire. The objective of this study is to analyse the land cover dynamics around the Taabo Dam from 1988 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2050. Landsat satellite data from 1988, 2002 and 2017 were used. Supervised maximum likelihood classification and Pontius intensity analysis were applied. It was found that global change was most rapid from 2017 to 2050. Losses and gains of water and bare soil are dormant while those of the other classes are active during the first-time interval. During the second time interval, the gain of crop and fallow and bare soil will be active but their loss will be dormant. Water will have dormant gains and losses while grassy savannah and shrubland will have active gains and losses. The gain from crops and fallows targets bare soil and habitats, shrub and grass savannah but avoids water. However, the gain in bare soil and habitats targeted crop and fallow land and grassy savannah, but avoided water and shrub savannah in both intervals.

The statistical analysis of 58 years of observation of waves data from the ERA-40 and ERA-Interim programs, covering the period 1958-2015, were used to understand significant storm swells heights and recurrence periods charasteristics in the Gulf of Guinea. Results show that the storm swells recorded in the Gulf of Guinea have significant heights between 2.10 and 3.10 m, while their periods are between 7 and 16 s. As for the main directions of origin, they are South and South-South-West on the West African coasts; South-South-West and South-West on the Cameroon coast in Central Africa. the application of Gumbel's theory reveals that the recurrence periods of storm swells are between 2 and 5 years, 5 and 10 years, 10 and 20 years, 20 and 40 years then between 40 and 60 years. These recurrence periods change from coast to coast. as do the estimated significant heights for different recurrence periods. in the last case, these heights also vary over time. the estimated significant storm swells heights of 100 years are of the order of 2.78 m in Côte d'Ivoire, 3.13 m in Ghana, 3.25 m in Togo, 3.22 m in Benin, 3.08 m in Nigeria and 2.91m in Cameroon.

A study on Iroko’s regeneration was done under four seed-trees (two in a young fallow and two in a secondary forest). The aim was to know ecological factors what are influencing his spatial distribution and ecological recruitment pattern of juveniles under its seed-trees. Under each seeder, eight directions were selected according to the wind rose on 1 ha. The light, slope, and litter thickness were measured over the eight directions divided into 5m x 3m plots. For each found juvenile, its high and distance to the seeder were measured. Seventy-three juveniles were found, 47 in the young fallow and 16 in the secondary forest. More juveniles were found in young fallow under seeder 2 (28 juveniles) and few juveniles under seeder 3 in the secondary forest (5 individuals). Means of 23.5 ± 4.5 and 8 ± 3 juveniles were found in young fallow and secondary forest respectively. The overall average of juveniles per seeder was 15.75 ± 7.75 juveniles.

Language is an essential tool to raise the quality of education, as it is a vital symbol of the national identity, and an essential pillar to reduce some of the problems that hinder the educational process in the Morrocan school, which examined the study, sought a major pillar of this process, which is the language of instruction in the Morrocan school, based an several topics that were the most important: - Diagnosing the linguistic situation in Morocco, explaining the most important variables and aspects affecting it, and highlighting the effects of multilingualism in light of the struggle of values and references and the question of identity. - A review of the most important goals and principles an which the teaching language approach within its original environment. - Explain the relationship between the arabic language and the teaching of science, and how to use it to raise the level of learning, especially related to scientific subjects. - The article's opennes to new horizons for the development and deepening of research, in order to raise the quality of language related learning in the Morrocan school.

In this article, we have verified the hypothesis of the tax trap or the existence of a negative relationship between the structural tax rate and growth when the public debt ratio experiences an increase in the very special context. from a developing country, such as Côte d'Ivoire. Therefore, we estimated the quadratic model. The results of the estimate, covering the period 1985 to 2019, relate to two parts. In the first part, the results support that the Laffer curve is verified and the Ivory Coast is positioned on the left side of the fiscal optimum. In a second part, it emerges that the Ivorian economy escapes this trap.

This is a study of the organization of a higher education institution. This institution is named « Institut Supérieur de Commerce de Beni (ISC/Beni) ». This research is undertaken thanks to the « socio – economic » management approach. The research question identifies the lack of performance factors of the ISC/Beni, at the organic, academic, administrative and financial levels. At the end of the investigation, it is noted a rapprochement of reality to this approach. Several contradictions are noted in the functioning of the institution. The actual functioning is partially different from the expected functioning, enshrined in the texts of the Ministry of Higher and University Education. The diagnosis can be a valuable guide to help improve dysfunctional subsystems.

Above the upper Diamictite of West Congolian Group, carbonate rocks of the Schisto-Calcaire Subgroup are superimposed, topped by the Bangu-Niari conglomerates and the Mpioka formations. Just as lithology varies from low to high, climates change regularly during sedimentation. By the presence of evaporites and bioherms of Collenia and Cryptozoon in the Kwilu and Lukunga formations, the Schisto-Calcaire Subgroup is characterized by a hot and arid climate developed in the Ediacaran after the glaciation of the Marinoen (635 Ma). The coarser-filled hollows than the grains of the substratum, the clast- to matrix-supported structures and the nature of its moderately misclassified clasts in large volumes of clays and silt indicate that the Bangu-Niari conglomerate has developed in a periglacial environment during the Terneuvien. The granular and repeated bedding of shales from the Lower and Upper Mpioka formations of Cambro-Ordovician age is reminiscent of the varval rhythms of periglacial lakes. These various previous elements show that after the non-longitudinal Marine Snowball, the Congo-Sao Francisco megacraton successively underwent a dry tropical climate and a temperate climate of proglacial regions.

In the Lower Sangha through, apart from the glacial deposit of lower and upper Diamictites, detrital sedimentation is represented by the shales and sandstones of Sansikwa and Petite Bembezi formations as well as by conglomerates, shales and sandstones of the Mpioka Subgroup related respectively to the Tonian, the Cryogenian and the Cambro-Ordovician. The carbonate precipitation of Sekelolo and Schisto-Calcaire in the saline waters from the Adamastor paleo-ocean in the Araçuai basin in Brazil are responsible for the interruption of this detrital sedimentation in the entire West Congo basin. In the latter, the erosion of the stepped limestone plateaus, vector of the clasts of the Bangu-Niari conglomerate at the base of the Mpioka Subgroup, sufficiently proves that the releases from the faults of the substratum reactivated in the underlying limestones before the pan-African orogenic thrust had caused the total withdrawal of the sea in the Mayumbe North, Mayumbe South and Lower Sangha throughs. In this aulacogen of the Lower Sangha, the weak accommodation of the Mpioka lake submerging the collapsed median compartment, hardly exceeding the rejection of the border faults, justifies the restriction of the Mpioka deposit only to the Bangu plateau, a collapsed compartment at the both normal and reverse conjugate faults.

This study aims to evaluate the process of distance education in secondary schools in rural areas through the model of the Regional Directorate Sidi Kacem, as an alternative or complementary option for attendance education under the Corona pandemic, monitoring the realities of the experience and its future prospects, based on the descriptive analytical program. The study combined quantitative and qualitative approaches (questionnaires, individual interviews, focus groups) in order to analyse the overall elements of the educational phenomenon and make perceptions.The study revealed that despite the role of distance education in the educational process in the rural community at the time of the pandemic, it faces various constraints, reflected on the educational level of the learner, some of these constraints are related to the social and economic conditions and educational level of the families, and others are related to the national learning policies, which requires concerted efforts to create a suitable educational environment for the rural environment.

In this paper, we present a system for controlling the angular velocities of the motors of a 2WD mobile robot using an optimal Linear Quadratic Regulator with Tracking (LQRT), thanks to a Co-simulation between two Raspberry Pi modules and the MATLAB R2018a software. Indeed, we have a system made up of a certain number of elements, notably a web interface for communication with users, a Raspberry Pi 4 Model B module that we have configured as a server and a Raspberry Pi 3 Model B module that plays the role of a socket client who’s physical GPIOs are represented in an identical logical manner on Simulink in order to facilitate interaction with the process modelled in MATLAB R2018a. This system has been realized thanks to a combination of various software technologies such as the python flash framework for the development of the web application, the HTML and CSS programming languages for the client side of our user application, the library written in C language SQLite for the relational database engine accessible by the SQL language, the JavaScript library Socket. IO library for real-time bidirectional communication between clients and servers, the Python Threading library to facilitate the execution of parallel processes and the python RPI library to control the GPIO ports of the Raspberry Pi 3. The speed control simulation results on a 2WD mobile robot in both normal and Co-simulation modes show almost identical performance indices.

This study analyzes the factors underlying the consumption of «mashanza » in the cities of Bukavu and Goma, east of the DR. Congo. A survey was conducted on 300 households in poor, middle and high-income neighborhoods. The results reveal that the quantity of «mashanza » most consumed per week per household is 1 kg for households with an average of 7.6 ± 3.6 members. The markets, the itinerant and fixed resellers provide most of the supply of the «mashanza ». Factors that explain more demand in two cities are: income, cultural benchmarks, quality, availability, point-of-sale proximity, affordable product price. When purchasing, the criteria are taste, appearance, provenance, trust in the seller, hygiene, affordability, shelf life or combination of several criteria at the same time. Thus, regardless of the socio-professional category, income level and tribal affiliation, the «mashanza » has a high demand in both cities, but still faces various constraints, notably the price, income, availability and quality. The results of this study show the importance of this product and make it possible to identify the consumer choice criteria and their constraints. This is enough to guide researchers and producers towards the constant search for improvement, the possibilities of its promotion and the intensification of production.

This study aims to analyze and compare the performance of two regional climate models (RegCM4.5 and WRF3.5) in simulating extreme rainfall over West Africa. We performed two simulations respectively at a spatial resolution of 50 km with the RegCM4.5 model at a spatial resolution of 12 km with the WRF3.5 model. These runs cover the period 1981-2010 and the driving fields (lateral boundary conditions) are from the Era-Interim reanalysis. The RegCM4.5 model simulates dry (wet) biases over the Sahel (Guinea Coast) while the WRF3.5 model simulates an opposite bias. This could be explained partly by the fact that the RegCM4.5 (WRF3.5) model underestimates (overestimates) the relative humidity and the monsoon flow over the Guinea Coast compared to the ERA-Interim reanalysis. Results also show that the spatial distribution and the annual cycle of rainfall over West Africa are well simulated by the two regional climate models despite the presence of some biases. The number of rainy days decreases from the southern to the northern Sahel for CHIRPS data and both regional climate models. All datasets show the highest rainfall intensities and the strongest values of the intense rainfall events over the Fouta Jallon highlands, Jos Plateau and Cameroun Mountains. The maxima of the mean 95th percentile of daily rainfall is located over the Guinea zone for CHIRPS datasets and both regional climate models. All datasets show a spatial distribution of the consecutive wet days similar to the number of rainy days with strong values over the orographic regions. When considering the consecutive dry days, all datasets exhibit strong values of this parameter north of 17.5°N (northern Sahel). The shorter consecutive dry days are observed over the area of the maximum precipitation (over the southern Sahel and the orographic regions). In terms of model biases, this study shows substantial differences between the two regional climate models used in this study suggesting the necessity to perform models intercomparison during the present-day before any choice for future projections.

A study was carried out on 632 consenting donors at the National Blood Transfusion Centre (CNTS) of the Regional Hospital of Korhogo Northern in Côte d'Ivoire to contribute to a better supply of human blood to health facilities through knowledge of the genetic frequencies of the ABO and Rhesus systems. Individual donor interviews were used to collect socio-cultural data, and the Beth-Vincent blood test and the Simonin serum test were used to perform manual blood grouping. The research showed that there are more men (92.25 %) than women (7.57 %), with approximately 1 woman for every 12 men. The average age of the donors was 33 years. The Gour ethnic group was the most common (61.06 %), followed by the Mandé (26.36 %). The phenotypic frequencies [O], [B], [A], and [AB] of the ABO system were observed in proportions of 46.52 %, 28.80 %, 19.62 %, and 5.06 %, respectively. The Rh (D) factor was 92.72 % for [Rh (D) +] and 07.28 % for [Rh (D) -] respectively. Sociological factors had no effect on the distribution of blood groups. The O allele is the most common (0.682) in this population, followed by the B and A alleles, which have frequencies of 0.186 and 0.132, respectively. The Rh (D) + allele predominated, with a frequency of 0.74 compared to 0.26 for the Rh (d) allele. According to the Hardy-Weinberg law, these various genetic structures are in panmictic equilibrium.

By a new trend of Media; a short time video is being made on Tiktok and snackvideo App and having a gigantic effect on social, moral, psychological and educational status among teenagers and youth.Aims and objectives: Aim of the study was to be determined the causes of using Tiktok and snackvideo Apps and its effect on moral values, academic performance and on psychological status.Material and Methods: A Qualitative Descriptive Study and used multidimensional data for knowing the effect of Tiktok and snackvideo Apps on behavior, educational status, moral and social values. Non-Probability Sampling was performed on the basis of self-selection.Result and Conclusion: Based on findings of Current study, it can be concluded that despite performing well on tiktok and snackvideo apps; moral and ethical values, educational skills and psychological status are deteriorated among teenagers and youth day by day.

In this work, we propose a low-cost teleoperable laboratory architecture, in which we integrate a palette of dynamic processes accessible via a mobile platform. In the current health context, our goal is to promote learning in engineering in developing countries via remote laboratories with a low-cost architecture. In this architecture accessible via wifi on a mobile platform, we use an ESP32 microcontroller as master, an ESP-CAM for visual feedback on our processes and several ESP32 microcontrollers as slave depending on the number of processes on our palette. We have chosen the ARDUINO NANO microcontroller to manage each process of the pallet. To test our architecture, we have integrated a process of visualization of the curves of variation of the current and the voltage of the brushless direct current motor according to the speed level. Using experimental methods, the error variations between the values ​​measured with the tachometer and those found by calculation are between 0.00094 and 0.0350. Thus, the PWM setpoint delivered by our architecture is indeed equivalent to the output speed.