Buruli ulcer (BU) is a human infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. This disease currently occurs in 33 countries with tropical, subtropical and temperate climates in the Americas, Asia, the Western Pacific and Africa. In Côte d’Ivoire, the endemic foci of BU are distributed in the central, central-western, western, south-western and north-eastern regions. Our study was to examine insects likely to carry Mycobacterium ulcerans. Aquatic Heteroptera were therefore collected from ponds and identified. They were then tested for Mycobacterium ulcerans by real-time PCR using a set of primers and probes targeting the IS2404 gene. Thirty-six (36) species of aquatic insects belonging to nine families and 21 genera have been identified. The Naucoridae family has the largest number of species (nine species) or 25%. Real-time PCR tests carried out on monospecific batches (345 batches) revealed 18 positive batches, i.e. 5.22%. Sokrogbo and Vieil Alkodj localities respectively recorded prevalences of 7.62 (16 positive lots out of 210 lots in total) and 1.48% (2 positive lots out of 135 in total). The improvement of our knowledge on the natural infestation of the Heteroptera studied as well as the human presence in the ponds of Vieil Aklodj and Sokrogbo allow us to better understand the risk of contracting Buruli ulcer.

Phytoplankton abundance in relation with physico-chemical parameters were investigated at 11 stations monthly from May 2014 to april 2015 in Aghien lagoon. Distribution of phytoplankton abundance had homogeny within the entire lagoon. However it notices differences between seasons. The high abundance was recorded in the low rainy season (2.3 107 cells/mL) and the low one in the high dry season (1.1 107 cells/mL).The seasonality is confirmed by Indicator value and RDA. Three groups were determined according seasons. The high rainy season assemblage was influence by conductivity and high temperature. Ammonium, BOD, dissolved oxygen and pH influence species of low dry season. Concerning the group 3 (high dry season and low rainy season), abundance of species is associated to high value of turbidity and nitrate. Indeed, the phytoplankton community of Aghien lagoon is still dominated by Cyanobacteria such as Microcystis wesenbergii (Komarek.) Komarek., M. aeruginosa (Kützing) Nägeli., Microcystis sp., Aphanocapsa incerta (Lemm.) Cronb. & Kom. and Anabaena circinalis Rabenh.ex Born. & Flash. These species are responsible for different blooms recorded in the Aghien lagoon. It also important to identified the kind of toxins these bloom-forming cyanobactorial produce in this lagoon.

The bacteria producing beta-lactamases extended spectrum are the leading cause of treatment failure observed in the treatment of bacterial infections. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial effects of extracts hexanical, 70% methanol and aqueous leaf Spondias mombin (Desr.) A. Juss. (Anacadiaceae) on six clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae producing beta-lactamases with extended spectrum (ESBL) and a reference strain. The study of the antibacterial activity of the extracts was performed by the medium diffusion method and agar dilution Mueller-Hinton. For phytochemical screening extracts, chromatographic characterization method thin layer was used. It emerged from this study that the aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts are actives. They are bactericidal for the majority of tested strains with MICs ranging from 0.39 to 1.56 mg / mg for the 70% methanol extract and 0,39 to 3.125 mg / ml for the aqueous extract. The phytochemical screening revealed a wealth of secondary metabolites such as saponins, tannins, flavonoids, sesquiterpenes, polyphenols, coumarins may be beneficial in the treatment of many diseases in Enterobacteriaceae.