For the organic waste disposal, rotary use of composters is common and frequently employed. Additionally, the amount of energy adopted to move organic waste is a key factor that should be highly considered when designing and manufacturing a composter machine and picking up the motor engine. Moreover, the power of promoting organic substance can be represented by compost size, operating parameters (sunshine, humidity...) and based on a simplified organic waste mass model generated by regression approximation mechanical equations with satisfactory results and precision. Finally, the reliable efficiency of this model is measured by particular data on an industrial rotary composter system.

Peacebuilding aims to prevent relapse into conflict in countries or communities that are regarded as ‘post conflict’. Peace building initiatives may be structured or described in different ways. A common description based on the vertical implementation of the peacebuilding efforts as well as their level of inclusivity. Hence, peacebuilding efforts may be undertaken in a top-down or bottom-up approach. Top-down approaches have been criticized as elitist and fostering exclusion. This has led to a push for the inclusion of local actors in the top-down peacebuilding interventions in what is sometimes described as multitrack implementation. By examining the strength and drawbacks of both approaches, this article seeks to clarify the areas of tensions and possibilities of accommodation in a hybridization approach. In addition, by categorizing the local actors based on their characteristics and roles in their communities, the article seeks to demystify the concept of the local. This helps in visualizing how they may be incorporated into interventions. Local actors can provide entry points, consultancy and partnerships in research. Collaboration in form of locally led analysis, planning and implementation can be explored. Supporting local businesses and the private sector may mitigate likely sources of instability. External actors can also provide funding to facilitate the peacebuilding processes.

Social innovation, which is very fashionable these days, is a concept that requires a more exact approach, even more so when it is explored in economic and social terms and its definition is of interest to governments. Innovation in higher education institutions is a component that in some corresponds to a subject and in others it is part of a subject. It has been identified through the scientific reading of other authors, about its importance around the development of social innovation, in addition to using a data collection technique that has been implemented with 300 students from different higher education institutions in the city of Guayaquil. The results of these surveys have made it possible to identify through descriptive research the student problems facing social innovation in their institutions, in addition to new scenarios, after the most difficult days of Covid-19.

Foliar diseases affecting rainfed barley in Mexico are mainly net blotch, spot blotch and leaf scald, which demerit the physical quality of grains. Current varieties are not resistant; thus, chemical control is an option to complement genetic control. This study aimed to determine the biological effectivity of fungicides to control foliar diseases and their effect on grain yield. The locations and crop seasons to conduct the study were in Tlaxcala and Puebla in 2019, respectively. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a split-plot arrangement with four reps. The main plot consisted of two varieties (Esmeralda and Doña Josefa), while sub-plots were two fungicides (Azoxistrobin 7.07 % plus Propiconazole 11.79 % and Propiconazole 25.64 %). Field measurements included days to heading and maturity, grain yield, test weight, and final disease severity (a visual score for disease control). The analysis of variance indicated significant differences (p≤0.01) between varieties, grain yield, and final disease severity. Disease control was more effective due to Azoxistrobin 7.07 % plus Propiconazole 11.79 %. Grain yield was more significant with fungicide application, overall Doña Josefa with Propiconazole 25.64 % (5972.38 kg ha-1). Field observations indicated that the application of Azoxistrobin lengthens the cropping season delaying the senescence (stay-green). Results suggested that chemical control of foliar diseases in barley is a suitable option.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affirmed the importance of social protection. To combat the effects of the pandemic, countries have taken exceptional measures to preserve health and have introduced or adapted measures to provide income support to people who have lost their sources of income. The pandemic has also highlighted the weaknesses of the social protection system in Morocco, introduced in 1940, which is composed of a contributory system whose financing depends on social security contributions and regulations, and a subsidiary system which takes into covers people who do not have access to contributory basic social insurance. The kick-off for the implementation of the social protection reform in Morocco was given in April 2021 and should be spread over five years. The objective of this reform is to reorganize and improve the operation of the various social protection instruments with a view to greater effectiveness and increased efficiency and also to create new components likely to extend coverage. This large-scale reform initiated by Morocco requires an annual envelope estimated at 51 billion dirhams, which constitutes a major challenge for the country’s public finances, which have been hit by the COVID-19 crisis.

Shea kernels are generally stored by Burkinabè households. A prospective study conducted in Ziro province revealed the damage caused by insects. The objective of this study was to inventory the pests associated with shea kernel stocks. Samples of shea kernels were collected from farmers’ stocks in three localities of the province over a six-month period. At each period, 4 samples were taken from each locality to constitute 12 batches that were brought to the Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Entomology of the Joseph KI-ZERBO University. Each batch was analyzed and kept for insect emergence monitoring for 45 days. Six (06) species of predators were identified, among which Ephestia cautella (Walker) was the most abundant (87.33% of individuals). Four (04) species of the order Coleoptera, were recorded with proportions of individuals lower than 4%. Bracon hebetor (Say), a parasitic Hymenoptera, was recorded with a proportion of 7.26%. The rate of perforation of kernels, which was significant at the beginning of storage (28.87%), increased progressively to reach a maximum of 57.73% after six months of storage. It is important to study the behavior of H. hebetor toward E. cautella in order to clarify its status and possibly consider the implementation of a biological control against this pest.

Through this article, the authors expose the causes that prevent the marketing of food and manufactured products in the rural world of Kimvula and suggest some possible solutions. This study aims to identify the problems of marketing in this environment where commercial space is undisputed. The results show that the rural territory of Kimvula, in the province of Kongo Central, is experiencing serious marketing problems. This situation is not conductive to its development. To better understand this problem of marketing, the authors explain the organization of markets and also show that the territory of Kimvula is not a disputed commercial space based on field data. This situation in linked to the lack of markets, the poor state of roads and bridges, the lack of traders and vehicles. Our investigation showed that there are no permanent and well- organized markets in the territory of Kimvula where farmers can obtain food supplies other than agricutural ones (horse mackerel, salted fish, milk) from traders.

The objective of this work is to highlight the nutritional potential of flour from three varieties of sweet potatoes in Daloa. The study focused on the impact of the drying method on the levels of minerals, vitamins and antinutritional factors in flours made from sweet potatoes. The three sweet potato varieties studied were those with white skin, white flesh (BB); those with purple skin, white flesh (VB) and those with yellow skin, yellow flesh) (JO). They were cleaned, cut and then dried in the sun for a week or in an oven at 45°C for two days. Their flours were characterized by conventional methods. The results show that drying in the oven at 45°C best preserves the minerals in the sweet potato. Oven drying at 45°C better preserves the vitamins in sweet potato flour. As for the results related to antinutritional compounds, sun drying decreases the antinutritional compounds the most in sweetpotato flour. From this study, we deduce that the flours of the three varieties from drying in an oven at 45°C have the most interesting mineral, vitamin and antinutritional properties for the food formulation.

A questionnaire composed of two chemical equations has been administered to 203 second form scientific pupils from 15 Bunia schools in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in order to point out the errors they make in the equilibration of the redox reactions and identify the frequent errors. The obtained results, after the present study have revealed that the committed errors in the redox oxidation equilibration by these pupils are: the calculation of the stage oxidation, the oxidant identification and the reducer, the writing of redox couples, the half-equation redox writing, the reactionary area identification, the calculation of the least common multiple, the addition of the redox half-equation and the stoichiometric coefficient writing. By submitting these results to the Chi-Squared test, it has been found that the observed difference between the revealed error frequencies is very significant because Χ2cal = 327,40 ˃ Χ2tab 5% = 14,07. Thus, the most frequent errors are the oxidation numbers bad calculation (47, 78%), the confusion between the oxidant and the reducer (16, 26%) and the bad writing of the half-equation reduction oxidations (26, 11%). Teachers should, therefore exploit correctly the school books and the necessary procedures for the equilibrium of a redox reaction, but also find new methods to teach well the equilibration steps of an oxidation reaction and the reducer.

The aim of this study is to assess the diversity of bird communities and the threats they face in the classified forests of central Côte d’Ivoire. Birds were inventoried using the point counts method coupled with line transects in the Ahua and Proungbo-Sérébi classified forests as well as in the Soungourou and Mafa complexes. A total of 180 species divided into 16 orders and 61 families were inventoried in all sites. This avifaunal population is composed mainly of resident species whose populations are relatively stable on a global scale. However, some species are on the IUCN red list. The main threats in these classified forests are transhumance, hunting and natural habitats transformation. This study makes it possible to establish a reference situation for the avifauna of the classified forests of Ahua and Proungbo-Serebi as well as the Soungourou and Mafa complexes. This rich and diversified avifauna population is threatened by the many anthropic activities identified. In a context of sustainable management of natural resources and restoration of the national forest cover, the data of this study will make it possible to draw up a development and management plan for the sites surveyed. In addition, they will allow to develop these sites for tourism. In view of the results obtained, it is recommended to diversify the species of reforestation, to reinforce protection measures and to intensify the awareness of communities living near classified forests to biodiversity conservation.

The objective of the present work is to examine the influence of the motivational factors of the self-determination theory, as well as the individual characteristics presented in the framework of the self-efficacy theory on the entrepreneurial intention of students. More precisely, the objective is to understand if the different types of motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic) influence entrepreneurial intention differently, and more globally the influence of psychosociological factors in the explanation and formation of entrepreneurial behavior. The theoretical outcome of this work takes the form of a theoretical model that presents this relationship in accordance with social-cognitive theory.

The Manga located, in the South-East of Niger knows wind erosion. This form of degradation favored the creation of sharp dunes. To remedy this situation, programs to fight against sand dunes are implemented. This study is conducted in Guidan Kadji (Maïné-Soroa). It compares the herbaceous flora of a treated dune that has received manure, a natural course and a living dune in the vicinity of Guidan Kadji. The method of aligned quadrat points was used for the phytosociological study. The treated dune has 24 species, 10 species for the natural course and 3 species for the living dune, the best represented families are the Poaceae with 9 species. Therophytes occupy more than 80% of the gross and weighted spectra. The species. Guineo-Congolese-Sudanese-Zambézian is the dominant phytogeographic type with more than 70% in the gross and weighted spectra. The cover is 4.25%, 71.02% and 95.81% for live dune, treated dune and rangeland respectively. The qualified forage is 1339.65 kg DM/ha or 1.33 T DM/ha for the natural dune versus 703.44 kg DM/ha or 0.70 T DM/ha for the treated dune. It is practically null (2.04 kg DM/ha or 0.002 T DM/ha) on the live dune. Overall, the regularity (>0.60 bits) is high and the Sörensen similarity (>80%) between the treated dune and the natural course is high. This study demonstrated that dune fixation can restore the flora of degraded dune systems, especially if the site is close to residential areas.

Education and Environment should stand together for a better fruitful partnership. Unfortunately, in Kinshasa, these two realities are not reconciled. Indeed, qualitative survey and investigations carried out in Limete commune revealed thad Education and Environment are not moving along side by side. There is both éducation educational and Enivironmental crisis. This situation provokes human vulnerability and educational collapse in Kinshasa city. As remedial strategies, our study suggests various solutions to improve both the quality of the education and the environmental sustainability.

This article sets out to study the role that art can play in preserving memory. In this regard, a good example to serve the purpose would be the cinema of the Moroccan director Hakim BELABBES who tries to mobilize his cinematographic works as a ‘weapon’ to preserve the collective memory of his hometown Bejaad. To this end, the Moroccan filmmaker tries to represent several realistic themes that always allow a revisiting of the past and memory. In his cinema, both in its subjective and realistic dimensions, BELABBES tries to capture time through places, rituals, the testimony of the inhabitants, art and trades, etc. It is a great challenge to resist disappearance, oblivion and death. The article also sheds light on the relationship between the subjectivity of the author of cinema and the success of a work on memory.

The main objective of this study was to implement a system capable of recognition and identification of students of the Université de l’Assomption/Institut Supérieur de Développement de l’Assomption (UAC/ISDA) exams’ rooms. The system will serve as a means to fight against fraud during exam periods, i.e. before a student enters the exam room, the system will identify the student by displaying from his/her captured face the full name and the amount of fees already paid by the student whose face appears on video sequences from Smartphone cameras. This study used 2210 images of human faces at a rate of 10 images per class to train the deep CNN model. Each class was labeled with the identifiers of the respective student such as first name, surname name, promotion and the amount of academic fees already paid. After training the neural network, the auteurs obtained an accuracy of 94% and a loss of 0.25 as validation results. The test was performed on 30 images captured in four different locations of which 29 predicted correctly or 96.66%. These results showed the effectiveness of the artificial neural network for the recognition and identification of UAC/ISDA students. This model answers our problem in the sense that it gives the possibility to identify not the object but the person.

The aim of this study was to determine, using Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, whether a pregnant woman will give birth by caesarean or not. The study is based on quantitative analysis using secondary data from the obstetric department of the Wanamahika Hospital in the city of Butembo, the Democratic Republic of Congo, over a period of one year and seven months in 2019 and 2020. The used dataset comprises 1501 records. Six ML models, namely: the Decision Tree, the Support Vector Machines, the Artificial Neural Networks, the k-Nearest Neighbors, the Random Forest as well as the Logistic Regression (LR), were built to predict the mode of women deliveries. The evaluation metrics used to evaluate those models were accuracy, f1-score, precision and recall. The authors found that cesarean deliveries represented 33.8% of their study sample while vaginal deliveries represented 66.2%. Of those six ML models created, LR was validated as it performed better with an accuracy reaching 98.85%, a recall, a precision, and a f1-score of 0.99, respectively. At the end of the investigation, the researchers retained LR in order to deploy a Web application that detect the mode of women deliveries in the hospital using Flask. Nineteen features revealed to be predictors of delivering in caesarean mode in the City of Butembo that are Referred by the health center, Age of the mother, Origin of the mother, Age of the pregnancy, HIV test result, Antepartum hemorrhage, Uterine rupture, Eclampsia and pre-eclampsia, Active management of the third period of labor, Indications for cesarean section, Number of previous cesarean sections, Episiotomy, Theobald, Cytotec, Sex of live birth, Obstetric formula, Weight of newborn in grams, Number of days in hospital, Number of days before delivery.

Heart diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Nowadays, heart diseases are killing more people than ever before. Thus, the authors of this study designed this project to analyze data on heart diseases prediction. The project uses raw data in the form of a.csv file as data set. The authors collected the used dataset from the cardiology department of the Graben University Clinic (Butembo/DR Congo) that included 389 records and 25 variables including age, employment, pulse rate, blood pressure and clinical symptoms. The aim was to compare Machine Learning (ML) ensemble methods such as Boosting type (AdaBoosting, GradientBoosting and XGBoosting) with single ML models (KNN, Stochastic gradient descent (SGD), Decision Tree) to see which of the models predict better heart diseases in unstable and insecure areas. Thus, the results showed that the XGBoost model performed better with accuracy, precision and recall of 85% respectively. In this research the authors concluded that Boosting as ensemble method classifies accurately heart diseases data in an insecure area such as Butembo, in the province of North-Kivu, DR Congo.

Vitamin A deficiency is one of the most common and serious nutritional deficiencies in Burkina Faso. However, several ways to prevent and fight against these health risks exist, including the consumption of food provitamins A from a varied diet. The present study aims to assess the β-carotene content of three varieties of mangoes (Kent, Keitt and Springfield) producted and consumed in Burkina Faso. Twelve mangoe samples including four mangoes per sample were collected in twelve mango production fields from high production area in Burkina Faso. Their β-carotene contents were analyzed in triplicate using high performance liquid chromatography. The average contents expressed in micrograms of β-carotenes per hundred grams of mangoes are as follows: Kent (376,4 µg / 100g), Keitt (664,6 µg / 100g) and Springfield (471,9 µg / 100g). Based on the origin of studied mangoes varieties, it should also be noted that the varieties grown in the Banfora area have a higher β-carotene content (Kent (425,5 µg/100g), Keitt (773,5 µg/100g) and Springfield (534,6 µg/100g).) compared to those grown in others areas such as Bobo Dioulasso and Orodara.

Several data mining techniques are used to extract hidden knowledge in educational data to help students make a useful decision for their university orientation. Indeed, every year, students are enrolling in universities, the massive arrival of these candidates poses the thorny problem of orientation. The hidden problem behind this orientation is the lack of information concerning the possibilities of orientation; or the lack of support from the close entourage. Having developed the survey questionnaire, the authors collected 712 responses. After analyzing these data, they trained the models and measured their performance with four evaluation measures: accuracy, precision, recall and the F-score. The results of these models showed that the SVM algorithm gave 70% accuracy, the Naïve Bayes 65% Accuracy, the Neural Network 64% and the decision tree gave only 52%. This allowed SVM to be selected as the model that predicted better than the others. Finally, the authors deployed the validated model in web technology using Flask.

This work consists in determining the contents of the main nutrients in the maize consumed by the population of Mbujimayi as a staple food, then comparing the nutrients potentialities of the locals varieties with those of the improved varieties, in order to facilitate the consolidation of foot safety in this area-city.With this intention, four locals varieties three improved varieties were weighed in order tout find their respective gravimetric chemical composition, in particular by dessication, incineration and tritimetric dosage of total nitrogen by the KJELDAHL method. The locals and improved maize varieties analyzed respectively showed average water content (12,59 ans 10,62 %), dry matter content (87,46 and 89,36 %), organic matter content (85,73 and 87,56%) and crude protein contents (9,6 and 10,6 %). At the threshold &=5% and degree freedom = 5, the statistical analysis of differents contents gave respective values of F (1,8; 1,8; 5,0; 1,82 and 2,11) lowers than value or tabular F (6,61). The improved varieties of maize do not experience any nutrient superiority in their nutrient contents compared to the locals varieties of this foodstuff.

In this article, we have studied the variation of the electrical performance characteristics of photovoltaic modules under the effect of dust. We have installed four modules of different technologies on the CERER site (Centre for Study and Research on Renewable Energies) for a year without being cleaned and each month we note their characteristics. The four technologies used are mono crystalline, polycrystalline, amorphous and thin film CdTe. The results showed that dust has more impact on thin film technology with a degradation of 68% of its power and less impact on amorphous which experienced a 29% loss in power.

A « quiet revolution » initiated in the 1990s gradually put ecological rationality at the forefront of environmental and economic policy concerns. Because most environmental problems continue to worsen and, in many countries, there is little reason to be optimistic. Considering the global environment in general, and that of the province of Kongo Central, in particular, we realize that there are many indicators of different forms of disruption of balance linked to several factors. which are interrelated, among which we can cite, savanization, erosion, loss of soil fertility, laterization, increased poverty, habitat destruction, pollution... In addition, the impoverished population of the Selo Kimbungu village with obsolete techniques, without planning or forest management or reforestation, coupled with the improvised construction of housing, have caused very large-scale deforestation, symbolized by « circles of desolation », deforestation radii exceeding more than two kilometres. To this end, the following questions can be asked: in the environment of the Selo Kimbungu village, do the activities practiced by the population jeopardize the ecological capital? What are the key factors that permanently cause the degradation of ecosystems in this geographical area? What are the different facets of ecological capital that threaten people’s lives? These concerns have led us to presuppose that the activities practiced by the population are carried out without environmental standards, especially since the peasant community remains in ecological ignorance which does not allow it to fight against the regressive series of goods and services that the environment puts at his disposal. There is reason to say that the village studied is subservient to a complex set of economic, social and political pressures, on which are grafted problems of environmental management. However, the different facets of ecological capital at risk are multidimensional and interactive.

Introduction: Low birth weight is defined as a birth weight of less than 2500g. Constitutes a major public health problem in the word due to its magnitude and its strong association with neonatal mortality and mobility. Methods: We conducted a descriptive and analytical prospective study, covering the period from 01/01/2020 to 12/31/2020 from the technical sheets developed by us and validated by the department. Results: 359 cases of low weight were recorded out of 972 babies admitted to the neonatology department, i.e a prevalence of 36.9%. The various risk factors for low birth weight (LBW) were in our series, the young age of the mother (those aged 17 gave birth more LBW), maternal infections (67.4%), less educated mothers (51.5%), primiparous (64.6%) and those who had not done ANC (61%). Conclusion: In our series, mothers under the age of 18, maternal infections, primiparity, less educated mothers and lack of CPN follow-up are the factors associated with LBW.

This paper focuses on the impact of anthropogenic factors on the floristic diversity of Kimbrila and Kanhasso classified forests in the northwest of Côte d’Ivoire. To this end, a botanical study based on a surface and itinerant inventory was carried out in each forest formation. Thus, 25 rectangular plots of 100 m x 50 m were set up in each forest. The inventory enabled 127 and 104 species to be recorded in the Kimbrila and Kanhasso classified forests respectively. The botanical families best represented were Fabaceae and Euphorbiaceae. The classified forests of Kimbrila and Kahansso have 30.70% and 30.77% of pioneer species respectively. The pioneer indices (PI) determined are 78.07 for the Kimbrila classified forest and 79.12 for the Kahansso classified forest. These disturbance indices reflect a lower degree of disturbance in these two forests. These results show that the two forests studied are relatively well conserved.

This article aims at proposing integration strategies for the photovoltaic solar power plant in a highly overloaded low voltage distribution network in order to ensure a good energy policy in the electricity distribution network of the city of Kinshasa. The application case was taken to the distribution network served by the BOSAWA booth in the MIKONDO / KIMBANSEKE district. After evaluation of the installed capacity resulting from the deficit rising to 457.82kVA; after projection of the parameters of the current network for a duration of 13 years (from 2018 to 2030) the power was estimated at 863,28kVA. The proposed system will ensure that the energy policy of the city of Kinshasa (distribution network served by the MT / BT BOSAWA substation) can encompass the three components of the operational safety, including: reliability, availability and security in supply of electrical energy in the capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo.

The analysis and exploration of traces of mobility produced by various mobile objects is a research topic that has attracted great interest in recent years. In this article, we present a classification (or clustering) approach adapted to the data of people moving under the constraints of a road network. A similarity measure is proposed to compare the trajectories studied with each other, taking into account the displacement constraints imposed by the network. This measurement is exploited to build a graph translating the different similarity relations maintained by the trajectories between them. We partition this graph using an algorithm using the notion of modularity as a quality criterion in order to discover communities (or clusters) of trajectories which are strongly linked and which exhibit a common behavior. We have implemented and tested the proposed approach on several synthetic datasets through which we show its operation.

Trees play a key role ogainst the climate change. Their population density, structure and size help us to determine the aboveground biomass they produce, contributing therefore to the climate improvement. Our study, as a contribution to the REDD+Process (reduction of emissions from the deforestation an degradation, which request reforestation, foretsts conservation and degraded soils restoration is a response to such needs). It aims to identify local fast growing tree species with important aboveground biomass with a 10- cm timber diametre. This will allons us to easily determine their carbon sink capacity, especially in protected areas which are important refuges for plant abd animal species.

This article analyzes the transmission mechanism of exchange rate fluctuations and oil to consumer prices in Morocco, known as the «pass-through». This reflection comes in the context of the continued flexibility of the exchange rate regime initiated in January 2018, and following the decompensation of petroleum product prices carried out in January 2015, as part of the gradual liberalization of the prices of subsidized products. Thus, this paper consists in evaluating this Pass-through in Morocco using a cointegration approach through an ARDL model. The results obtained show the existence of a long-term relationship between exchange rate or oil fluctuation and the consumer price, as well as the existence of an error correction mechanism that adjusts prices during short-term instability.

The exchange rate has always attracted the attention of researchers in an ever-changing economy, especially for its effects on macroeconomic aggregates and on the attractiveness of investments. However, there was no consensus on its impact on foreign direct investment (FDI). In this respect, this Communication aims to understand the impact of exchange rate volatility on FDI in Morocco, using a cointegration approach using an ARDL model to estimate short- and long-term effects. The data used are quarterly, covering the period from the first quarter of 2007 to the fourth quarter of 2021, representing 60 observations. The period chosen represents a period of economic and institutional reforms aimed at improving the business climate in Morocco, it is also marked by changes in exchange and tax policies, which is likely to influence the choice of foreign investors. The empirical results show that in the short and long term, the real effective exchange rate has a negative and highly significant impact. Inflation has a positive effect, which means that higher prices can lead to greater marginal profitability of capital and thus stimulate investment. In addition, it seems that the size of the potential market, the quality of institutions and infrastructures are key factors in attracting foreign capital to Morocco.

The gardening is presented as a credible alternative of crop’s diversification. The potato’s crop (Solanum tuberosum L.) is being done in all the eight regions. On a yearly cycle form October to March. In Agadez region it is producted all over the year. In Tillaberi region particularly at Imanan the practice of two cycles (primary and later) is tested instead of a single yearly cycle as an innovation. The aim of article is to comtribute at the impmrovement of the potato’s crop productivity during a year. The methodology has consisted to lead inquiries and observation of local cultural practices (ground preparation, tuber fragmentation, after pre germination, buttage). From October to December for the primary and from January to March for the later. The plurality of the harvest for the two cyces is of 66 tone against 33 tone of normal cycle. On the other side the selling price of the kg the primary of Decembre and the later of March were respectively 400 and 200 CFA. Whereas the production of February is sold 200 CFA per kg because the offer exceder the demande. It is clearly established that the practice of the two yearly cycles get more products and and incomes.

This research aims to characterize and establish a typology of garden farmers according to their knowledge and use of biopesticides. The study was conducted in Louda, a village in the commune of Boussouma in the North Central region of Burkina Faso. A semi-structured socio-economic survey was conducted among 20 garden farmers, equally divided between men and women. The results of the survey showed that 70% of the garden farmers cited caterpillar as the major pest and leaf curl as the major disease. Twenty-five (25) % and 15% of the garden farmers use biopesticides as a phytosanitary treatment against caterpillar and leaf curl respectively. Unregistered industrial synthetic chemical pesticides for other crops are often used by garden farmers. Ignorance or not of the existence of biopesticides and their use against crop pests are the main criteria that establish the typology of garden farmers in Louda. Age, sex, instruction, mode of access to land, family size, number of salaried agricultural workers and average annual income of the garden farmers are the socio-economic parameters that discriminate this typology. This typology is therefore associated with the socio-economic characteristics of garden farmers.

The present study carried out in the town of Tiassalé aimed to contribute to the improvement of the nutritional and microbiological quality of foods sold in order to preserve the health of learnes. Data collection took place from May to June 2021 in four schools. The actors in the school food chain were made up of 26 vendors and 132 students. The results of this study showed that the students consume the various foods which enter into the composition of the seven different food groups. These foods provide essential nutrients to cover needs and to the proper functioning of the organism. Health analysis of the consumption food chain revealed that the actors of the school food chain in general, doses not follow good food hygiene practices. The results of microbiological analysis testify to the presence of some germs (aerobic mesophilic germs, total coliforms and thermo tolérants). The presence of these germs in food reflects the insufficiency or non-compliance with good food hygiene pratices. Thus, hygiene measures and the training of stake holders in good hygiene practices should be undertaken in schools in order to minimize the risk of contamination.

The drinking water supply of rural populations is mainly provided by groundwater contained in the fissured and discontinuous aquifers of the crystalline basement. The objective of this work is to evaluate the productivity of fissure aquifers according to the hydrodynamic and geo-structural characteristics in the Poro region. The data used concern the Thickness of Alterites (EA), the depths of the water inlets (AE), the nature of the crystalline basement, the Total depth drilled (Pt) and the different flow rates obtained during the pumping tests. These data come from. technical data sheets of 263 productive boreholes selected out of a total of 500 boreholes drilled during a vast village water supply campaign. A statistical analysis of the drilling and hydrodynamic parameters was carried out on the basis of the references drawn up by the Inter-African Hydraulics Committee (CIEH). The distribution of hydrogeological parameters in the Poro region reveals an uneven distribution of weathering thicknesses, flow and transmissivity. Regarding the average depth of water inlets, three distinct fringes are identified, namely 37 m, 44 m and 47 m deep. As for the litho stratigraphy; it highlights three distinct horizons and the construction of the transepts revealed the irregularity of the roof of the base with the presence of two major fractures, both in SW-NE direction. The hydrogeological study revealed that the productivity of the aquifers depends on the geology of the land. There is therefore a correlation between productivity and certain hydrodynamic parameters, in particular the thickness of alteration, the geology of the terrain and the depth of the fractured fringe.

This study focuses on the effect of seed weight on the germination and growth of Tieghemella heckelii. For this purpose, seeds were collected from a single tree. The seeds were weighed and classified into three categories according to their weight (heavy, medium, light). Five germination and five seedling growth parameters were then measured from 264 selected seeds. The germination parameters are average time of germination (TeGe), the percentage of germination (PoGe), the rate of germination (ViGe), the length of epicotyl (LoEp) and the length of hypocotyl (LoHy). The growth parameters considered are the height of the plants (TaPl), the number of leaves (NoFe), the number of branches (NoRa), the length of the roots (LoRa) and the diameter at the collar of the plant (DiPl). The best germination percentages were observed with the heavy (THL) and medium seeds (61% and 55.12% respectively). The highest germination rate (3.21 seeds/day) was also obtained with medium seeds (THM) as well as the highest growth parameters while the light seeds (THP) showed the lowest values for both germination and growth parameters. These results suggest that seed-weight-based selection is an important criterion for the regeneration of Tieghemella heckelii.

The present study has consisted to the disinfection of water by photosensitization with 5-methoxypsoralen fixed on polystyrene (MOP-5-P). The results obtained in this study show the complete inhibition of fecal coliforms after six minutes of irradiation (365 nm). But the system (MOP-5-P) loses its activity after the application because of the formation of 5-MOP photodimers on the surface of polystyrene (2, 2-cycloaddition). Irradiation at a wavelength below 320 nm allows the regeneration activity of MOP-5-P system. This shows that these photodimers formed on the surface of polystyrene are reversible and depend on wavelength irradiation. This reversibility is demonstrated by the regeneration activity of the system after irradiation at 254 nm.

Digital transformation is at the center of all the development issues of today and tomorrow. In this perspective, organizations are forced to renew their managerial styles, as well as their development strategies, so that they can accommodate the various fluctuations of a socio-economic environment in perpetual change. The human resources (HR) function is ipso facto at the heart of this evolution. Indeed, digital has not only revolutionized work systems, but has also challenged the entire HR function. This article aims to understand the effect of digitalization on HR practices through a comprehensive qualitative study. The results show the impact of digitalization on HR practices is globally positive, despite the complexity of its implementation in the organizations included in the study.

Malnutrition is a serious Public Health problem; it is the cause of death for approximately 45% of children under the age of 5. Nutrition status assessment is one of a way which can contribute to resolve that issue. This descriptive cross sectional study has been conducted in Lwiro Health Area, in South-Kivu, at the East of DRC from December 2021 to Jun 2022. Its aim was to evaluate the nutritional status and mortality of children aged from 0-59 years. During this study, 366 children aged 0-59 months were admitted. Our data were processed and analyzed using Epi Info.; Epi Nut. Software helped us to standardize the anthropometric data. Z-score allowed us to determine the different forms of malnutrition. The chi-square test was useful to look for an association between the dependent variables and the independent and/or explicatory variables. The results showed that 62, 7% of our respondents were malnourished. The prevalence of global malnutrition was 6, 1%. Undernutrition was significant, particularly for stunting (33, 3%) and underweight (20, 8%). Our results show that 16, 7% of children had history of death under 5 years of age in their household, of which 15,5% were malnourished. Nutritional status influences the occurrence of death in children. A statically significant association was found between malnutrition and death (p=0, 0000001).

This work deals with the comparative study of different rectification methods on the performance of a 10 kW NH3-H2O absorption refrigeration machine. Three types of rectifiers, namely packed columns, tray columns and partial condensation (single) columns were studied. Numerical simulation of the mathematical model of the absorption machine shows an identical COP profile for the three types of rectifiers. Modification of a 0.43 performance absorption machine previously operating with a single rectifier resulted in 7% and 11% performance improvement for tray column and packed column rectifiers, respectively.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of aeration on the production parameters of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). For this purpose, fry of average weight 5 g were stocked at a density of 30 individuals per hapa in three replicates per concrete tank of 2.5m3 capacity and subjected to four treatments T0 (control), T6, T12 and T24 which are respectively 0, 6, 12, and 24 hours of oxygen supply. The fish were fed three times a day for eight weeks with Raanan feed containing 33% crude protein. After this period, the fish were fasted for two days and then six fish from each batch were dissected to assess the effect of aeration on digestive transit. At the end of the trial, the results obtained show that the survival rate was generally around 97% for all batches. The best zootechnical performances were observed in fish of lots T12 and T24 (Feed conversion rate (FCR) = 2.04 and 1.95; Specific growth rate (SGR) = 3.97 and 4.02%/d). In addition, transit was slower in the digestive tract compartments of fish in these two treatments.

This study is interested in the connection between steel and concrete with recycled gravel. The work is carried out in the civil engineering laboratory of the Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Travaux Publics ENSTP and then completed in the mechanical engineering laboratory of the Institut National Supérieur des Sciences et Techniques d’Abeché INSTA. Two types of concrete are formulated, one with 100% ordinary crushed gravel and the other with 100% recycled gravel. In terms of compressive strength, the present study with 100% recycled gravel varies from 19 to 32 MPa at 28 days for the different dosages. And the concrete with ordinary crushed gravel offers a strength ranging from 22 to 37 MPa. Regarding steel concrete bonding, several types of reinforced concrete specimens are manufactured by anchoring a steel bar in the concrete. These specimens are subjected to the test of extracting the steel bar from the concrete. The values of the bond stress at rupture are calculated according to the formulas given by the Euro code, the BAEL, and then calculated experimentally. These values vary according to the compressive strength of the concrete.

After a long observation and analysis the process of receiving and sending mail, we opted the computerization the system for managing internal and external mail of the public sector company that is the subject of our study, which is the General Directorate of Customs and Excise of Haut Katanga, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This phase explains the ultimate concern that motivates us to conduct research in a given environment while explaining the rationale for choosing this study to meet the needs of the DGDA/DRC. The major concern that motivated us to approach this study is none other than to see the DGDA properly manage its mail, thanks to a computer tool consisting of a database that it can update daily. This study would be useful to companies with managerial character to hold well their management on the mail in the concern to ensure the perenniality of the data and to fight against the waste of time in the search and the location of the old mail.

In this work, it was a question of developing a management computer application to manage accounting operations on the clearance of payment of academic expenses. This is how we were led to develop the software based on the operating mode of the organization that interested us. This work also allowed me to assimilate some knowledge in the progress of the agile development process put in place, which, although there were some imponderable aspects generating delays and which we try somewhat to manage the development and management aspect of recipe elements, places the applicant at the center of development in order to best meet their needs. Finally, the architecture and deployment of the computer system made it possible to present the software and hardware architecture of the future system.

The choice of this study theme is related to the object that attracted our attention as scientific researchers. It all started with an exchange and observation of the functioning of the control and payroll service of the teachers of the province of Haut-Katanga (SECOPE in the acronym), so we were driven by the desire to improve the process to allow good management and the smooth running of the operations related to the transfer of the agents as well as their pay. This study will serve to bring a computerized solution to the Ministry of Education and more precisely to the service of control and pay of the teachers by a management tool based on the functioning of the process of transfer of the agents and to better manage these last ones to maximize the receipts. This work has led to the following results (Know the number of all agents for a given period in relation to their task, Quickly exchange data between different positions involved, Make each agent’s information accessible through a shared database that offers better data storage and access techniques while eliminating the loss of records of all transferred agents).

The stimulus of our choice in this study, remains the observation made at the time of the declaration of the tax on the rental income by various taxpayers. The present work was beneficial to us taking into account first of all our scientific orientation and the desire to set up a better-computerized solution to palliate the administrative difficulties of the Directorate of the Revenues of Haut-Katanga (DRKAT in the acronym) to provide to the various services the possibility to communicate between them without moving, to carry out operations in the fiscal field of tax collection on rental income by the integration and implementation of a computer tool within the concerned services, which will allow the reduction of the greatest number of risks that this process of tax collection on rental income runs. This implemented system will include computer resources that will allow users to collect, process, save on removable media and share data without running many risks. The development of a computer tool that will allow proper monitoring by the Directorate of Revenue of Haut-Katanga for the collection and payment of rental income tax.

Although Morocco remains an endemic country for tuberculosis; except that auricular tuberculosis remains a rare clinical form. The clinical picture is not specific; it is that of a banal chronic otitis and bacteriological examinations are often negative; which delays diagnosis and early treatment. We report the case of a two-month-old infant; who presented for acute purulent otitis media under antipyogenic antibiotic treatment without improvement and whose bacteriological study of the pus objectified the presence of Koch’s bacilli; with the spread of tuberculosis; the discovery of multifocal tuberculosis (pulmonary; lymph node, etc.). The clinical course under ant bacillary treatment was favorable.

« Climate change and agricultural practices: the need for meteorological communication for the gbêkê food producers’ behavior change » aims to show that climate change has an impact on the food agriculture of producers in the Gbêkê region in Ivory Coast. The documentary study, the individual interviews and the focus groups have made have permitted, after analyzes and comparisons, to show that since 1970, there has been a climatic rupture in Côte d’Ivoire. Although felt by the food producers of Gbêkê, they have nevertheless kept their ancestral agricultural calendar. On the other hand, there has been a change in the agricultural system and techniques with the use of new agricultural equipment adapted to the new climate and the addition of chemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers. It appears that regular and understandable meteorological communication will allow a change in the behavior of food producers in Gbêkê.

The present study presents the petrographic and geochemical characteristics (major elements) of granitoids and metasediments of the Ferke belt in northern Cote d’Ivoire. The petrographic study reveals a variety of granitoids such as: tonalite, granodiorites and granites and adamellite. Metasediments consists of wacke, shale and Fe Sand. Chemical analysis indicates that these granitoids come from volcanic arc. The geodynamic context is subduction.

This study on Eucinostomus melanopterus was conducted from September 2014 to June 2016 in the Saloum estuary. Samples were collected using gillnets (monofilament polyamide) with 28; 30; 32; 36 and 40 mm of mesh size (Knot to knot). The aim of this study was to provide information on length frequency distribution, length-weight relationship and condition factor for E. melanopterus in the Saloum estuary. Analysis of the size frequency distribution was bimodal with modes equal to 13 and 18 cm, respectively. The length-weight relationship showed positive allometric growth with b = 2.966. Values of condition the factor were greater than 1, indicating that individuals of E. melanopterus were in good physiological condition. The highest K value is obtained in the transition period between the hot and cold season (K = 1.327±0.059) and the lowest value in the transition period between the cold and hot season (k = 1.21±0.083).

The present study consists to using artificial neural networks to create mathematical models allowing to predict the growth of tomato plants and to compare them to the growth in real time in order to control the productivity of the tomato. Tomato growth was modeled by an empirical model using artificial neural networks as a tool through a program developed in the Matlab R2010b software. Mathematical models were developed to predict the growth of the tomato plant for the number of leaves, leaf length and width, height and circumference of the plant. The experiments were carried out in the regions of High Sassandra (Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire). The coefficients of determination between the experimental measurements and the measurements predicted by artificial neural networks are respectively 0.9722; 0.9925; 0.997; 0.9945 and 0.9926 for plant height; the number of sheets; the circumference of the plant; leaf length and leaf width. These results are satisfactory insofar as all the coefficients of determination (R2) are greater than 0.97. Likewise, the curves representing the predicted values and the experimental values have practically the same appearances or even confused. These results show a good interpolation between the experimental values and those predicted by the mathematical models.

The dry formulations of agrochemicals reduce the difficulties related to transport and exposure of users. Nevertheless, these products do not exclude drawbacks and their use requires a deeper knowledge of their toxicological and ecotoxicological effects. The purpose of this work was to study the acute toxicity and reproductive toxicity of glyphosate-based RAPID MAX 750 WG and TAKO-KELE 757 SG on the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae, ubiquitous in tropical area. Lethality tests were conducted according to EPS1/RM/43, MA.500-VTL1.0, and OECD guideline 207 Methods. LC50 of RAPID MAX were (1687.56±50.53 mg of glyphosate (a.e.) /kg of soil (DW) for adult earthworms and 1416,99±53,06 mg of glyphosate (a.e.) /kg of soil (DW) for juvenile earthworms. LC50 of TAKO-KELE 757 SG were 2215.66±61.83 mg of glyphosate (a.e.) /kg of soil (DW) and 1658.62±38.72 mg of glyphosate (a.e.) /kg of soil (DW), respectively for adult and juvenile earthworms. Juvenile and adult earthworms were more sensitive to RAPID MAX 750 WG compared with TAKO-KELE 757 SG, as LC50 related to RAPID MAX 750 WG were lower than those of SG TAKO-KELE 757 SG. The acute toxicity (lethality) of both herbicides was more severe on juvenile earthworms.