The placenta, which supports the growth and development of the fetus, is rich in chemical micronutrients and other elements such as amino acids, peptides, fats, growth factors and other active biological components. Analysis by the ICP-MS technique shows detectable levels of the following seven elements in the dehydrated placenta of 20 female samples: arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn). The contents of these chemical elements are respectively: 0.05 ± 0.01 ppm for As; 0.03 ± 0.01ppm for Cd; 5.01 ± 1.12 ppm for Cu; 0.03 ± 0.02 ppm for Pb; 703.66 ± 174.41ppm for Fe; 1.68 ± 0.32 ppm for Se and finally 52.09 ± 6.14 ppm for Zn. The highest contents correspond to those of Fe (703.66 ± 174.41ppm), Zn (52.09 ± 6.14ppm) and Cu (5.01 ±1.12ppm). The other trace amounts correspond to micronutrients considered to be harmful (As, Cd, Pb, Se). This study shows that with the ICP-MS technique, even trace chemicals are detected in the powder of the placentas that are useful for mothers and newborns. The capsules ingested by female placenta donors are considered as a dietary supplement for lactation function. In eight weeks after giving birth, the study shows that the weights of newborns from all donors have increased by the right rate, a good breastfeeding and the babies have bowel movements several times a day.

Africa is committed on the path of free movement of persons; the success of this process depends on its ownership by its member states, but above all on the dynamics within the African subregional and regional economic communities which constitute the pillars of the implementation of the African Economic Community. Examining governance and the challenges of free movement of persons within these communities provides a picture of the challenges facing the African Union in making effective the free movement of persons, the right of residence and establishment throughout the continent. These challenges are of various kinds, including those related to sovereignist assertions, socio-economic constraints, security concerns, overlapping economic communities, and extra-African migration cooperation. However, these challenges are not fatal, and this contribution opens up avenues for reflection on each of the challenges, as well as the African and global context that is emerging favorable, more than yesterday, to the establishment of free movement in Africa.

The cultivation systems have evolved since the implementation of greenhouses, giving way to vertical cultivation, this represents a solution for the production of both horticultural and ornamental plants in limited spaces, which means a better use of resources, we speak of economic as materials. The design of a system for semi-automated vertical cultivation is proposed using a control with the Arduino® development board, also implementing a rainwater harvesting system and taking advantage of solar energy. For the CAD design of the prototype, the SolidWorks® software commonly used for the design and analysis of 3D drawings is used, for the electronic part the control PCBs were developed in the Proteus® software, to ensure that the materials implemented in the system design are effective and adequate, the simulation of static charges on some materials of the system structure is presented, thus achieving an increase in the number of green areas for growing plants for self-consumption in areas where the climatic conditions are not entirely favorable or the space and time limit the optimal development of crops, obtaining low-cost plant food products that are also free of chemicals that are harmful to health.

Edmonds-Karp algorithm is an implementation of the Ford-Fulkerson method for computing the maximum flow in a flow network in much more optimized approach. Edmonds-Karp is identical to Ford-Fulkerson except for one very important trait that is the search order of augmenting paths is well defined. This paper presents some modifications of Edmonds-Karp algorithm for solving maximum flow problem (MFP). Solution of MFP has also been illustrated by using the proposed algorithm to discuss the functionality of proposed method.

The present article is an attempt to scientific inspection of the dealing of learning objectives for the teachers of general (global) knowledge in non-convention schools in Goma town. But also, the study goes beyond to answer the following question: objectives made by these teachers, are they in adequate with questions they put to pupils by the end of educational action ?

Whether by using the most sophisticated scanning techniques or subtle psychological tests, experimenters were able to delve into the human brain and attempt to understand the way it learns. Research in neuroeducation focuses essentially on the teaching-learning activity by striving to produce, as far as possible, a precise comprehension of the cerebral mechanisms of cognition. The present article proposes a thoughtful reading of the act of learning in the light of the contributions of cognitive sciences and neuroeducation, passing essentially through biology and psychology.

This article shows the necessity that there is, in an inclusive didactical study of the relationship to knowledge, to rely on a triangulation of theoretical approaches relating to the latter, through a case study, in particular that of the relationship to the Pythagoras’s Theorem, which study gave rise to the definition of a normative relationship, in acronym NiPADiS, for any knowledge and relative to the triangulation of theoretical approaches, namely anthropological, didactical and sociological approaches, to the relationship to knowledge.

This article focuses on the evaluation and determination of the geotechnical characteristics of lateritic soils in South-West Chad (Kélo-Pala) with a view to better use in road construction. The study shows that borrowing volumes range from 29374.4 m3 to 87920 m3. The lateral soils studied consist of a mixture of fine particles and gravel with low plasticity. On the physical side, loans have a sieve percentage of 0.08 mm, ranging from 13.7% to 24.8% with an overall average of 18.9%. These values give the soils studied a grainy character. The liquidity limit of the soils studied ranges from 17.2% to 27.4% with an average of 21.17% and the plasticity index ranges from 3.6% to 9.3% with an average of 7%. These results show that the materials studied are noninflating with a small percentage of fine particles. They belong to class A-2-4 according to the HRB classification and class S5 (CBR> 30) according to the LCPC classification. On the mechanical side, the borrowings studied show that the optimal content ranges from 7.3% to 10.1% with an average of 8.55% and the optimal dry density ranges from 2.07g/cm3 to 2.2 g/cm3 with an average of 2.12 g/cm3. The CBR index ranges from 61% to 98% with an average of 79.90%. These results show that the engravers studied belong to class Gl1 and are usable and usable in road construction according to the recommendations of the CEBTP.

In this paper, we propose a quantification study of a magnetic disturbance radiated by a PIFA antenna operating at a frequency of 900MHz and its magnetic shielding. The obtained results in simulation using HFSS simulator have permit initially to determine the near field radiates part if this antenna. A magnetic shielding of the antenna is obtained by using a ferrite. This shielding improves also the antenna performance. The shielded antenna has a reflection coefficient of -25dB.

In this paper, we present a hybrid method for efficiently estimating missing discrete attributes appearing in data manipulation or processing. The principle of the method consists first of all in determining the segment to which the missing value belongs and then estimating it by majority vote when possible. Otherwise, the average of the missing attribute is determined from the complete data of the segment. Several cases may arise. The case where the non-missing attributes have the same modality (they are in the same interval) is dealt with by calculating the centre of the missing attribute. M of the class and the average m attributes that are not missing. If m is less than M then the value e of the missing attribute is estimated by the value of the non-missing attribute within the interval [a, M [ where a is the lower bound of the modality. Otherwise, the value of the other non-missing attribute is used for estimation. The second case, where the non-missing attributes have different modalities, is treated by calculating the average m attributes that are not missing and then estimate the missing value. e by the not-missing attribute having the same modality as m. Finally, an error test based on RMSE demonstrates the effectiveness of our method.

Far from being a reality in the daily life of populations, access to quality health care is more like a propagandist leitmotif in the head of the decision-making bodies of our country's health system. Are there not, however, means to facilitate this access? this is the question that lurks in the heads of those who suffer in search of such quality care. Several solutions can be proposed to gain access to care and achieve the goal of universal health coverage. And for poor or developing countries, the appropriate solution remains the pooling of available resources despite their limitations. Academic institutions, places of training and melting pot for the youth and future of the country can serve as laboratories to develop these experiences before considering their extension within the wider community. Mutual health insurance is a system of solidarity between the members of a professional group of mutual assistance, this organization brings together people of the same category or tendency to belong to.

Still and still poorly understood, misdiagnosed, underreported or simply ignored, urogenital schistosomiasis remains widespread in sub-Saharan Africa, the DRC and the province of Nord-Ubangi. Its early recognition, even if asymptomatic, is essential because of the multiple complications it causes; the high risk of HIV transmission and, if left untreated, the risk of infertility and the development of bladder cancer and many more. The geo-climatological data from the northwest of the Bosobolo health zone in the Province of Health Division (DPS) of Nord-Ubangi, more specifically, the health areas of Bomanza, Bubanda and Bokada-Pombo are characteristic for the development. of this disease. The treatment is based on Praziquantel, 40 mg / kg as a single dose to be repeated after one month. The only means of the most effective control these days remain the prophylaxis (mass and individual) which passes by the knowledge of the disease and its signs as well as the appropriate means of which the prevention, without which, the fight against the schistosomiasis uro -Genital risks being a losing battle in advance.

This paper presents a new acquisition and digital processing system of an ECG (Electrocardiogram) signal. The proposed technique is based on ECG signal processing in Matlab framework, using Duty Cycle Modulation (DCM) and IIR (infinite Impulse Response) derivative filter, with implementation into DsPBuilder. In fact, the detection of the R wave allows to extract the time interval between two consecutive R waves, in order to estimate the corresponding heart rate. Hence, the proposed simple algorithm consists of the following four relevant steps: derivative filtering, detection of peaks, elimination of bad peaks and calculation the heart rate. This algorithm considers that the acquisition of the ECG signal is done by duty cycle modulation, because in this case a simple low-pass decimation filter with bandwidth of 30Hz can simultaneously eliminates high frequency noise while extracting the ECG signal. The duty-cycle modulation circuit requires a maximum of 58 KHz frequency. Then, the digital part implemented using DsPBuilder blocks, consists of a decimation filter with 50 MHz sampling frequency, followed by the proposed algorithmic module. A virtual simulation and a Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) co-simulation using the DE10-NANO-SoC board with embedded FPGA-SoC 5CSEBA6U23I7, have been successfully conducted using imported signals into Matlab from Physionet.

This study focuses on urban dynamics and basic services. It focuses on Agboville, a historic city created ex-nihilo by settlers. The main objective of this study is to highlight the correlation between urban growth and the development of basic services at different periods.The methodological approach consisted in exploiting the Master Urban Development Plans (PUD, 1970; 1994 and 2018) and the reports of the various INS censuses (RGPH, 1988-98 and 2014). It was completed by the exploitation and selection of aerial photographs from the IVC (1970) and KOKUSAI (1994) missions at CCT/BNETD for cartographic purposes. It also involved interviews with local authorities and direct observation of available basic services.The results show that there is a significant de-correlation in the current development of Agboville between urban sprawl and its networks. The city is expanding without following the facilities. The result is an imbalance related to the phase shift in the spatial dynamics and the growth of the facilities. The urban dynamics led by a population in constant evolution takes precedence over the development of public services. This situation leads to a deterioration in access to basic urban services because population growth makes the available basic services de facto insufficient.

Globalization has led to greater income, due to the rapid digital transformation that started to seem so important under the current circumstances because of the Covid-19 virus. To handle the performance issues the supply chains has to become smarter and all the researchers argued on the necessity of having smart SCs.The automotive industry plays a significant role in the advancement of technology development and its application, despite that, the research field lack of articles that deal with SCM 4.0 in this industry.The aim of this paper is to present a literature review of Supply Chain 4.0 and Industry 4.0 in the companies also to study the relationship between all these parties, to give us a ground to continue our works consisting the study of the impact of the implementation of SC4.0 on the industrial performance of automotive companies in a developing country such as Morocco.

Industry 4.0 is gaining importance lately in several countries, especially as part of the strategy of diversification and industrialization of the eco-system. Nevertheless, the topic remains abstract for companies that encounter difficulties to comprehend different aspects of this subject. The purpose of this article is first to discuss the context of industry 4.0 and the most cited advanced technologies in literature that play an important role in Industry 4.0. Then to highlight the impacts of supply chain digitalization: success factors and challenges. This will help organizations formulate their initiatives and practices to successfully achieve the transition from traditional to digital supply chain. We analyzed the literature in this field to understand trends and propose future directions for research.

Cereal-legume intercropping is a common practice for sustainable agricultural intensification. However, crop yields in intercropping systems remain low in Sahelian and sudano-sahelian regions of Burkina Faso. This study aimed at characterizing the most common intercropping systems of the region, identifying the most limiting factors and do improvement suggestions. Focus group discussions, surveys on 170 households and monitoring of 80 farmer plots were carried out in three municipalities in the Centre-north region of Burkina Faso. The traditional intercropping by sowing cowpea and sorghum in the same seed hole was the most dominant system (98%). Local crop varieties were the most used (92% for sorghum and 67% for cowpea) in this system. Sorghum and cowpea productivities were highly variable and low with an average grain yield of 416 kg/ha and 240 kg/ha, respectively. Multivariate analyses permitted to identify household, soils, and crop management systems typologies. Important discriminating variables were also identified. Among these factors, sorghum yields were influenced by the number of persons in the household (p=0.001), number of traditional plowing tools owned (p=0.002), type of off-farm activities (p=0.005), soil silt content (p=0.0008) and soil types (p=0.01). While cowpea yields were more influenced by the number of small ruminants (p=0.03), number of traditional plowing tools owned (p=0.008), types of off-farm activities (p=0.01), soil total nitrogen (p=0.001) and organic matter contents (p=0.004). Management systems proved to have less impact on sorghum and cowpea yields, improvement of system's performance could be achieved by diversifying the varieties used.

This research is part of an approach to organizational socialization. Conducted within an administrative structure of the Gabonese public sector, we conducted a study on the influence of organizational socialization on organizational behavior, in other words, organizational socialization as a predictor of job satisfaction. The men and women participated in this research, 136 respondents, managers and non-managers. The average age here is 37.12 years old. The results obtained present organizational socialization as well perceived by the agents in post and the trainees, the men and the women do not present any difference of perception at the level, organizational socialization, because it has important issues not only for each organizational structure but also for the worker. The interrelationship matrix shows significant links between organizational socialization and job satisfaction and between job satisfaction and proactivity.

The study aimed to identify the role of media in forming social awareness among Yemeni university youth. It used the descriptive survey approach and questionnaire as a research tool. It was applied to a sample of (220) students in the University of Sana'a. The study has come up with the following findings: Yemeni youth are constantly and moderately exposed to the media, especially television, which has a role in raising the level of their social awareness. They assert that media has an effectiveness in raising social awareness, especially with regard to events of a local nature. The public’s interest in pursuing social issues came as a result of poverty, unemployment, drug addiction, family bonding and disintegration, and problems of youth, woman and childhood. With respect to the topics and media materials that the Yemeni public follow, they are related to the political, economic and social situation in Yemen, and they discuss them with those around them; whether those who are interested in these issues directly such as friends and university colleagues, or indirectly such as those who meet in social councils, intellectuals and thinkers. The family and educational institutions came on the top of the list of media support in the formation and development of social awareness among youth in Yemen. The media have a mediocre role in transmitting the social cultural heritage. And the family's social dialogue has an effect on overcoming the negative influence of the media on the Yemeni youth, and on developing their attitudes, trends and social values.

Agriculture today is faced with the need for profound change to meet current challenges, whether they are environmental, climatic, food, social or economic. Thus, sustainable agriculture aims to move away from dependence on inputs with a high environmental impact (pesticides, fertilizers) in order to move towards new forms of natural resources. Anthill soil provides excellent organic manure, especially for poor soils that do not retain water. This study presents the results of the work on the effect of anthill soil compared to the effects of mineral and organic inputs on the development of vegetable crops during the hot dry season in the Sudano-Sahelian zone. The physico-chemical characterization of the soils was carried out. The biometric parameters studied were height, diameter at the root collar, number of leaves and weight of plants. The experimental device used was a total randomization comprising the 6 treatments. The soil at the site is loamy and slightly acidic. The carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of anthill lands are higher than those of surrounding soils. Overall, the means of heights, neck diameters and number of leaves of cabbage and beet lettuce plants with 100% and 50% anthill soil substrates are significantly different from other treatments (mineral manure, organic manure, substrates of 10% anthill soil and control soil). The land of anthills has a significantly different impact on the production of cabbage, lettuce and beet.

Cameroon is known as Africa in miniature and therefore has great tourism potential. In view of the low level of exploitation of this wealth, the State of Cameroon has committed since 2010 to the redevelopment of sites, access roads and places of recreation. For an effective and efficient dissemination of its tourism offer, a webmapping application was implemented in 2012. However, it could not be published due to a number of shortcomings, in particular the use of a mono scale map at 1: 500,000 and the lack of interactivity with the map. In this article we propose an improved version of this application and through a software development process, a new platform has been implemented and allows on the OSM multi-scale basemap, interactive access to tourism offers on Cameroon in providing descriptive information and illustrative photos on request.

In many Muslim societies, there is still an on-going debate on the issue of Islam and the notion of modernity among many Muslim scholars. The problem centres mainly on what relationship could possibly be there between the religion of Islam and Modernity. Many Muslim scholars who call themselves as reformists attempt to find out if there is any compatibility between Islam and modernity. This Article tries to analyze the views of some Muslim reformist scholars on the issue of Islam and its compatibility with modernity.

The issue of conflicts in eastern DRC and particularly in North-Kivu remains worrying. Their adverse effects claim many victims with complex and unlimited needs. Several local, national and international organizations are supporting the government in order to face this situation, but the RCIC remains in a better position, due to its mandate to promote and protect the IHL. This organization has carried out activities to assist and protect victims of conflicts in eastern DRC. Multisectoral assistance to victims, transparency and collaboration with other actors are all positive aspects that characterized the RCIC’s activities. On the other hand, the poor coverage of response to needy persons, the weak communication on its action and the priority on the curative remain aspects that must be improved. Thus, improving the coverage of response to persons in need, strengthening both cooperation and communication about its action are the proposed mechanisms to make more effective the RCIC’s action in favor of the conflicts’ victims in Noth-Kivu.

The advent of Covid-19 caused the cessation of movements at the border between Rwanda and the DRC on Goma side, because of the lockdown imposed as a barrier to the spread of the pandemic. However, these movements allowed the survival of several people, in particular disabled people carrying out small activities there. Thus, several homes for people with disabilities were disturbed during the crisis, the householder being unable to meet the needs of his dependents, and himself becoming a burden for the family and society. Then, we suggest that both the government and humanitarian actors at local, national and international levels may implement support mechanisms for disabled people and their families in order to consolidate their homes. Finally, we want to see disabled people to think about other surviving strategies so that they may be able to face the consequences of the crisis.

The objective of this paper is to assess the strategy made by Morocco in terms of improving the access of SMEs to bank financing, particularly the reduction of regional inequalities. Thus, a model was estimated on a sample comprising 200 SMEs over the period 2005-2014. The financial constraints analyzed are the debt ratio, self-financing and the transparency. The results showed the persistence of disparities between regions in terms of access to bank financing. The SMEs located in the southern and eastern regions present notable constraints in accessing the credit market, unlike those located in the regions of Grand Casablanca, Rabat and the North. This inequality is mainly due to the specificities of the financial situation of the SMEs, as well as to the proximity of banking establishments which are concentrated in the central and northern regions. The consequences for these firms are the agency problems and information asymmetries as well as high additional financing costs.