Braised plantain is made from ripe or unripe plantains braised over a low charcoal heat. This cooking of plantains could expose consumers to a mixture of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) from the combustion of wood or charcoal, some of which are found to be carcinogenic. The objective of this study is to assess the risks associated with the consumption of plantains braised over a low charcoal heat and sold in the Man market. To perform this study, rats of the Wistar strain were fed a diet based on braised plantains. This study allowed us to obtain high ingestions by the rats of between 10.56 ± 0.08 g / d and 11.26 ± 0.07 g / day and a weight gain of these same rats of between 9.50 ± 0.16 g / day and 9.74 ± 0.20 g / day. Unfortunately, the blood and urine analyzes of these rats used revealed high levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons of between 2.6 ± 0.20 and 3 ± 0.7 g / ml for the blood and 1.5 ± 0.50 at 2 ± 0.6 g / ml for urine. The excessive consumption of plantains braised over a low charcoal heat and sold in the Man market can cause cancer consumers. These braised plantains sold in the Man market contain high levels of PAH.

Solitary fibrous tumor is a rare mesenchymal tumor. It located preferentially at pleural, rarely seen in extrathoracic sides. This tumor shows a high risk of local recurrence and a poor prognosis within an incomplete resection. The authors present a case of malignant solitary fibrous tumor in a 39-year-old woman, diagnosed at the antero-medial part of the left thigh. In trying to recall the clinical and pathological features and treatment of this rare entity.

Objective: To report an uncommon presentation of a rare case of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type IIIb in a patient presenting as well with Small Duct Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. Clinical Presentation and Intervention: A 42-year-old man presented with jaundice and intermittent fever. Blood tests showed macrocytic anaemia due to vitamin B 12 deficiency compatible with Biermer’s disease. A thyroid function test was consistent with hyperthyroidism compatible with Basedow’s disease. And Liver biopsy revealed signs compatible with Small Duct Sclerosing Cholangitis. A final diagnosis of Small Duct Sclerosing Cholangitis with Biermer’s disease and Basedow’s disease, which constituted autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type IIIb, was made and the patient was treated with L-thyroxine, vitamin B 12 injection and Ursodeoxycholic acid with a impressive improvement during his follow up. Conclusion: This case showed a rare combination between APS type IIIb and Small Duct Sclerosing Cholangitis and that the presence of one autoimmune endocrine disease should prompt clinicians to look for other coexisting autoimmune diseases which may be asymptomatic.

Typhoid fever remains, today, a major public health problem worldwide with a universal estimate of 12 to 33 million annual cases. It is caused by a strictly human species, Salmonella typhi, discovered since 1880 by Eberth.Typhoid fever has long been the cause of human disasters across the world: in the 17th century, for example, 600 people died from this disease in James Towen in Virginia (USA).Indeed, the defective hygienic conditions of our immediate environment place S. typhi at the first rank of the main causes of food poisoning, typhoid fever is also the main disease of « dirty hands ».Formerly effective, most antibiotics have shown their limits: which leads researchers to turn to plants (traditional medicine) to assess their sensitivity to salmonella typhi.Costus afer has been used in certain regions as a medicinal decoction against hemorrhoids and liver diseases for a long time, we thought to test in vitro its activity against S. typhi.Of this research, 67% of the typhus strains tested were sensitive below 3%, the strains became resistant: 33% for greatly reduced concentrations.

Acute diarrhea is a cause of death due to lack of knowledge on proper care by mothers in the NGANDA TSUNDI sector in Tshela territory in DRC. The high observed mortality rate is due to mothers’ignorance of the management of diarrhea. The objective of this work was to assess the knowledge and attitudes of mothers on the management of diarrhea in the community among children from 0 to 5 years old in the sector of NGANDA TSUNDI.The samples of our research were collected in 5 villages of the aforementioned sector among mothers living in one of the five villages present on the day of our survey and having agreed to answer our questions.Indeed, the results showed that out of a total of 240 mothers surveyed:With regard to knowledge about the prevention of diarrhea at home, 140 respondents or 41% washed their hands, followed by those doing a good cooking and conservation of food with 21% and concerning the variable use of latrine with 6%.Regarding knowledge of the signs of diarrhea, 52% of mothers know the signs of diarrhea. Regarding the knowledge of home treatment for diarrhea, 67% of our respondents ignore the use of antibiotics, followed by those who use rice water with 58%.

Healthy subjects, considered as « reference », generally biological samples whose analysis provides acceptable results as « reference values » to assess the pathological states of patients of the same age, of the same sex, living in the same environments and environmental conditions.One of the possible means of studies that a medical biologist can use for research in determining baseline values ​​of hemoglobin and hematocrit and to compare the results obtained in sick subjects to those in healthy subjects, because hemoglobin is a heteroprotein whose main role is the transport of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2).

Work accidents are, whatever the cause, accidents occurring through or in the course of work to any employee or working, in any capacity or in any place whatsoever, for one or more employers or business leaders (Democratic Republic of Congo, 2016). In some very specific cases, it can be virtual.General objective: to identify the prevalence of occupational risks declared to the CNSS from January 1st, 2010 to January 31, 2016.Specific objective: to determine the invalidity rates of occupational risks as well as their repair costs.Cross-sectional study for analytical purposes based on documentary research of the archives of the National Social Security Fund (Model A1, A2, A3, A4, the registers of the occupational risk service and the accounting books) from January 1, 2010 to December 31 2016.510 files registered and processed. Among which 70% of the subjects had progressed towards recovery without sequelae.The cash compensation was made 98% of the time. The other 2% are prosthetic amputations.The annuity had ranged between $ 2 and $ 145,493 with an average of $ 2526.9882.The management of occupational risks in terms of 510 accident victims is presented as follows: 2.17% of the expenditure report on provincial production and 23.27% as an expenditure report on the financing of occupational risks in the province of Haut-Katanga.The data of this study show the impact of occupational risks focused on bodily and socio-economic injuries at different levels.

Accidents at work are responsible for great suffering, great loss for employees and their families, employers and social security funds. Knowledge of these explanatory factors of occupational risks will enable the world of work to develop a coherent occupational safety and health program and to concretize the concept of decent work.The general objective is to study the determinants and consequences of occupational risks in the formal sector of Haut-Katanga.This is a multicenter historical cohort study including all the occupational risk files of workers in the formal sector in Haut-Katanga province.During the first phase (2010 to 2017), 510 work accident files were registered. The highest accident rate was recorded in 2012. Males accounted for 93.10%. The bride and groom were the most injured, 91.72%. The 1 to 10 year seniority bracket was the most rugged with 63.12%. The primary sector was the most rugged sector with 70.8% of which the miners represented 51.5%.Workers with a primary education level were the most injured with 83%. Multivariate analysis shows that workers in the primary sector are the most injured as are those with less than 7 years of seniority.The study carried out in a mining company during the second phase showed that out of a total of 338 workers, 14 cases of work accidents were recorded in 2016. Among the injured, 84.6% had a seniority of at least 5 years and 83.1% were assigned in mining operations.In view of the above, socio-demographic variables and the sector of activity are among the determinants of occupational risks.

Fruits and vegetables are an essential part of the human diet. Over the last twenty years, research in human nutrition has shown that a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables ensures good health and can reduce the risk of certain diseases. Unfortunately, their high water content limits their ability to conserve and creates the need to transform them. The present work aims to promote fruits and vegetables acclimated in Benin through the development, microbiological, sensory, physicochemical and nutritional characterization of orange and carrot pineapple cocktails. To do this, four (04) different cocktail formulations were obtained by mixing, at different proportions, the juices of these fruits. After an evaluation of the microbiological quality of the samples by standard methods, the cocktails were subjected to organoleptic tests. The sample selected (having received the best scores during sensory tests) was subjected to physicochemical and nutritional characterization. Microbiological analyzes revealed a complete absence of thermo-tolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli, and sulphite-reducing bacteria all samples. The yeast and mold load (<10 UFC/mL respectively) is well below the normative criteria in force (2.102, 102 respectively). However, the number of microorganisms constituting the determined total mesophilic aerobic flora indicates a likely contamination of the different samples during handling. However, these results of microbiological analyzes indicate that the cocktails produced are of satisfactory microbiological quality. Considering the organoleptic characteristics evaluated (aroma, sweet taste, acid taste and color), it appears that the E3 sample (2 pineapple juice volumes for 1 orange juice volume and 1 volume of carrot juice) is the most accepted. The physicochemical analyzes reveal that this at a pH of 5.1 and an acidity of 3.39g/L, a water content of 73.69% (dry matter of 26.30%) and an ash content of 0.30%. Nutritional analyzes reveal that this product has a vitamin C content of 6.923mg/100g and calcium, potassium and magnesium contents respectively of 219.09 mg/kg, 1105.66 mg/kg and 160.337 mg/kg. It then becomes urgent to make acceptability tests for the promotion of the product.

This publication analyzes the problem of the coupling of lightning and the power transformer in the High Voltage substations of electrical networks during the injection of lightning current to the ground in sites with strong thunderstorm activity, in this case the Democratic Republic of the Congo.Although the aggressive overvoltage induced by lightning is short-lived, its amplitude and frequency greatly disturb the stability in terms of voltage and the continuity of service of the network, especially in its transport part often exposed to open air.During the flow of this shock wave to the earth, through the protection devices (surge arrester) and the earth network, the transient impedance of the substation earth electrode varies suddenly depending on the amplitude of the current flow and the nature of the ground, and reveals around it a potential difference called step voltage and touch voltage, due to the distribution of the electric field, which expose the direct environment of the substation to the danger of electrocution and substation equipment against overvoltage.This publication aims to synthesize the corrector (regulator) which will have to dampen and reject the shock of the flowing current and prevent the potential difference around the earth electrode from reaching deadly values ​​for operators and people residing in the environment close to the substation and facilitated flow through the earth electrode.

To avoid any risk of electrocution and damage to equipment due to an insulation fault or lightning discharge in the HV electrical network consisting mainly of HV transmission stations and lines, all equipment in these energy infrastructures must be earthed through an earth electrode which must maintain its performance over time following the recurrent flows of the shock wave.As this aggressive discharge flows to the ground, the resulting thermal effects can lead to ionization of the soil and reduce the performance of the earth electrode by changing the characteristics of the soil. This publication aims to establish the cause and effect relationship between the thermal effects due to the injected lightning current and the electrical characteristics of the ground through its resistivity.This analysis will allow energy infrastructure designers to take into account these performance changes when injecting lightning current and properly size the earth connections of HV substations.

In this study, new semi-synthetic catalysts based on kaolinite were fabricated for catalytic cracking of petroleum residue. A screening study by Hadamard matrix type Plackett and Burman was conducted to determine the factors that influence the development of the best catalysts. The experimentation activated the catalysts with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and then calcined them (650 and 800 °C). The catalytic activity of the catalysts thus elaborated was determined and compared to that of an industrial catalyst. The results indicated values as high as 57 meq/g of acidity on the surface of the elaborated catalysts. The main influencing factors were: kaolinite, acid concentration and the type of oxide used.

Microwave filters are generally designed to operate in the frequency range from megahertz (MHz) to gigahertz (GHz). Filters are used in many applications such as broadcasting, television and wireless communications.Thus, these microwave devices need a filter that will decide which signals will be transmitted or received. Today, most designers still have difficulty in designing a filter that provides high performance, matched response, low weight and compact at the same time. In this paper, a dual mode band-pass filter is designed and simulated. The filter design was performed using stepped impedance resonator. The substrate used is Rogers RT5880 with a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a thickness of 787μm. The proposed topology have a total electrical length of 120° and a performance that gives a first spurious resonant frequency at 5.2 times the fundamental resonance frequency. We then incorporated the capacitive element C3 into the topology of the band pass filter in order to achieve the design of the quasi elliptical band pass filter. Transmission zeros and a much narrower transition band are seen at the quasi-elliptical dual mode bandpass filter. The center frequency is at I GHz and there are two transmission zeros in S12.

Job satisfaction raises worrying questions these days that no business of any character can shy away from. This article also follows this perspective and focuses on the analysis of job satisfaction according to Herzberg's two-factor theory. Our concern is to know what are the main factors that provide satisfaction to the workers of the Congolese Control Office (OCC/GOMA). The objective here is to understand the main factors promoting satisfaction among all workers in this organization. In response to our concern, we estimated that the main factors promoting job satisfaction would be on the one hand: staff allocation, communication, working conditions, company organizational policy, salary (remuneration), job security, safety at work, human and technical supervision (extrinsic factors) and on the other hand: attractiveness to work, autonomy, authority, advancement in rank, the degree of responsibility, innovation as well as recognition (intrinsic factors) unlike Frederic Herzberg who stipulates in his theory of two factors that only the above-mentioned intrinsic factors provide satisfaction to workers. It remains to discover the results in the following pages.

For more than a decade, the east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in general and more particularly North Kivu has been facing regionalist tensions and political divisions to which we add other phenomena such as: barbarism, insecurity, police and military harassment, killings and violence, wars, tribal conflicts causing permanent instability, major population movements as well as the volcanic eruption, killing several families and even to those close to them who are dear to them. Given the extent of this situation, we believe that the self-esteem of the inhabitants of the City of Goma, more particularly of the Buhene Quarter, is not at the normal level given that they are exposed daily to unfortunate and traumatic events. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of exposure to traumatic events on the self-esteem of Gomatraciens in general and in particular among the inhabitants of Buhene. After analyzing the results, we found that the more the Congolese of North Kivu in general and in particular those of the city of Goma are exposed to traumatic events, the more their level of self-esteem becomes too low.

The Tarat aquifer provides water for the population (AEP) of the city of Arlit and Akokan, as well as for industrial water needs (AEI). However, in the mines, water can be an obstacle to mining. This study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the hydrodynamic functioning of the Tarat aquifer in order to design a dewatering device. A methodological approach focusing on the piezometric study and the mapping of hydrodynamic parameters allowed to highlight that the uranium mineralizations are below the piezometric level in the western, northern and central parts. The latter require dewatering, hence the installation of a system comprising three boreholes.

The risk of serious food poisoning associated with street foods remains a threat in many countries around the world. In spite of these risks, people are looking for cheaper food. The objective of this research is to understand the socio-economic importance of street food and the related health risks in the town of Djougou.The methodological approach adopted is based on documentary research and investigations in the real environment. Within the framework of this research, 250 people (consumers, vendors, health workers, local authorities and resource persons) were surveyed. The results were analyzed using the SWOT model.This research shows that the town of Djougou has several street food outlets. Ninety-seven percent of this activity is run by women between the ages of 20 and 50. The price of the dishes varies between 300 and 1000 FCFA. This activity remains a potential source of income for these actors. Thus, the average income of the women restaurant owners varies between 2500 and 4500 FCFA. The income from this activity is used for various purposes by the restaurant owners. In addition, the lack of hygiene, poor cooking conditions and lack of food protection lead to health risks for consumers. Faced with this situation, it is urgent that appropriate measures be considered in order to reduce the health risks related to the consumption of street foods and to guarantee the health of consumers.

The Geographic Information System ranks among the flagship tools in the approach of new information and communication technologies, and this in land management which, currently, is at the center of several studies especially with the document digitization project. Cadastral in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In the context of the province of Haut-Katanga, through its land division of Haut-Katanga which presents a rapid demographic growth, and which knows a lot of requests for land which sometimes cause land conflicts following spoliations, encroachments and attributions multiples of the plots to several applicants following the mismanagement of the subdivisions which does not guarantee the security of the title deeds. To respond to land management concerns, we are proposing through this study the Geographic Information System and its means of implementation to assess the degree of resolution of land disputes.

This work focuses on the structure of the duty cycle modulator analog-to-digital converter. We propose to model again its complete chain, this time by parallelizing its demodulator filter. More specifically, we want to optimize the performance of this type of converter that no longer needs to make this proof in the field of real-time digital conversion. Thus, we will thanks to the so-called residue method, make parallel the classic demodulation filter and thereby obtain a new conversion chain. Following up with software tools such as MATLAB; System Generator and ISE Xilinx, we implement and simulate this new analog/digital converter chain with duty cycle modulator. After this implementation and simulation which uses as input signal, a sinusoid at a frequency of f = 30Hz, the results obtained show us that it is more judicious and advantageous to use this new conversion chain because with a quadratic error E = 0.8208, we do not lose the quality of the signal but we save in hardware resources; with a harmonic distortion rate THD = 0.6099, we have a type of converter that further reduces harmonics, and offers us a demodulation time saving of about 76,2%.

A phenologic study of the gases agroforeteries and sylvan was done in Beni-Butembo rea with the objective to determine the cash wood agroforesteries and sylvan in Beni-Butembo area.To achieve this, we identified the agroforestry and forestry species found in peasant fields in order to establish the optimal periods for their flowering, fruiting and seed production.After analysis, 19 species were identified, most of which are atmospheric nitrogen fixing legumes and the other agroforestry for the amount of their biomass which contributes to the improvement of soil structure.Most agroforestry species flower and give fruit once or twice a year such as Grevillea robusta, Markhamia lutea, Calliandra calothyrsus, Leucaena leucocephala, while Eucalyptus sp flowers all year round hence the permanent availability of its seed and Cedrella does not fruit in high altitudes. However, all of the inventoried species bear fruit during cropping periods, which implies that there is the possibility of producing the seed twice a year, and others throughout the year. Thus, the phenology depends on local climatic and ecological conditions and from one species to another.

The present study was carried out with the aim of constructing a local cubic tariff of Gilletiodendron kisantuense in the forest reserve of Yoko.To achieve this, a sample of 46 standing trees with a diameter of ≥ 10 cm was taken into account. The Smalian formula allowed us to determine the standing volume of DHP and DFB and the barrel height.A relationship was established between DBH and gross volume translated by an exponential regression equation model which proved to be better.The construction of a local volume tariff was made based on diameter and volume. This rate is applicable in the Yoko Forest Reserve.

The physical reality is often very complicated to be able to analytically solve mechanical problems. Currently, the only approaches making it possible to meet these needs are based on numerical methods based on the discretization of the problems. In mechanical and civil engineering, significant efforts are currently focused on the use of numerical simulations to solve these problems. This work is a comparative approach focusing on the analytical method to solve the problem of the bending of a beam and a numerical approach based on simulation by the Cast3M calculation code. The results obtained are of great agreement.

Each society has its own way of relating, appropriating and using the natural environment. This study falls within context of the problem of management and research for a balance between the natural environment and peasant logic specific to agrarian societies in their relations with the environment. The study is based on integrated analysis of natural environment using analysis of HAUTS-MONTS INC-CIV aerial images, at the scale of 1: 50000, and Copenicus Maxar-technology 2020 scene. We can therefore seek to know how - from the anthropic which is observed through the analysis of agrarian landscape and agricultural occupation of the ground - the rural geographical space of the Lobi can be determined by natural constraints, their rationalities internal and their ideologies ? The objective is to situate functioning of geosystems at the scale of landscape segments, where all the ideas of agricultural development and the challenges of sustainable development are expressed. The study starts from hypothesis of agricultural use of the slopes where lateral (colluvial) dynamics are exerted, consequences of thicker soils that are easier to work. Results indicate that among Lobi farmers, subsistence and market strategies dominated by the preponderance of early yam, Dioscorea cayenensis. Dry cereals come next. It was therefore necessary to use, in an optimal way, land resources used as best as possible for these essential foodstuffs: ferrallitic and ferruginous soils more or less sandy in slope position, easy to work and suitable for all the cultivated crops. We then retain the adaptability to soils of agricultural techniques and intervention of religious ideologies. These establish on the slopes the environments likely, by the pedological conditions offered, to accommodate all the crops in a single block and thus meet certain mythical requirements.

The diagnosis of the technical production system of « bili-bili », a fermented drink made from sorghum, in the consumption space of the of Northern Cameroon savannah, was conducted by a survey in 365 production structures distributed in the cities of Maroua, Garoua and Ngaoundéré, with the aim of defining both the constraints of local practices and the innovations needs. The study shows that « bili-bili » production is an exclusively female and ethnic activity, carried mainly by the Toupouri (34%), Moundang (29%) and Laka (21%) tribes. The organized or spontaneous migrations of these tribes to the fertile lands of Adamawa have led to a diffusion of the technical production practices of the drink in a north-south trajectory with territorial adaptations of the process and related tools. Four variants of the production process have been identified with innovation needs that converge mainly on the need for optimization and control of the main unit operations involved.

This paper deals with abstract version of the Cauchy Problem in fuzzy normed space. We define a Hausdorff measure of non compactness for bounded fuzzy set to prove existence of solutions by using a sequential approximation of the abstract problem. As a byproduct, we obtain a fuzzy version of the Cauchy-Kowaleskya Theorem for the generalized Hukuhara nonlinear partial differential equations.

This study was carried out to identify categories of ethnobotanical uses of plant in six localities of Gonate county, Central Western Cote d’Ivoire. An ethnobotanical survey based on semi-structured interviews was performed with 165 interviewees. Forty-four plants species including 42 genera and 27 families were recorded. The most used families were Euphorbiaceae, Verbenaceae and Anacardiaceae while Microphanerophyts (26.86%) were the most represented biological types. Plants are specially collected from fields, along the tracks, Forests, markets, and neighboring villages. Populations mainly used plants in four fields. There were Food (45.56%), the most important, Pharmacopoeia (27.98%), Energy (15.11%) and Handicrafts (11.35%). Overall, Tectona grandis was the most used plant with a citation index (IC) of 58.79%. Twenty-four 24 plants including Dioscorea alata (IC = 46.06%), Manihot esculenta (IC = 42.42%), Mangifera indica (IC = 38.18%) and Ceiba pentandra (IC = 36.97%) were moderately used. Regarding Pharmacopoeia field, the pathologies treated with plants were diarrhea, dysentery, stomach aches, ulcers, and abdominal pains, hemorrhoids, infertility and sexual transmitted diseases. These data could help studies to promote and develop conservation strategies for these useful resources.

The Pan-African province of South Maradi represents the northern part of Benin-Nigerian Shield, corresponding to the Pan-African mobile zone located in the East of West African Craton. In this basement zone, the distribution of metamorphic formations is marked by gradual transitions: from schists to gneiss and then to migmatites. The schists outcrop in a NE-SW bands, alternating parallely with gneiss bands, limited by the shear zones. The alternation of schists and gneiss bands, associated to ductile shear zones and the existence of a gradual transition from schists to migmatite, raises questions about the geodynamic context of crustal evolution. The study of metamorphic paragenesis (aim of this study), allows to specify the geodynamic context that prevailed in this portion of the pan-African mobile zone of South Maradi. The methodological approach combines petrostructural analysis and determination of mineral assemblages by using the petrographic microscope. The chronology of the metamorphic mineral assemblages and their relationship with the deformation structures made it possible to highlight a prograde phase of metamorphic evolution (green schist facies- amphibolite facies, granulite facies) then retrograde, synchronous with a tangential tectonic and then transcurrent one. Further south in the contiguous Pan-African province of Nigeria, pressure elevation from 6.8 kbars to 9-10 kbars associated with a prograde metamorphism have been related to burial then to a crustal thickening by pile-ups.

Morocco has a large number of aromatic and medicinal plants, but this wealth remains untapped, especially for cosmetic and therapeutic purposes. These plants are used since centuries, allowing the moroccan population of several regions to accumulate expertise in herbal medicine. Among the secondary metabolites extracts of these plants, there are the essential oils which are mixtures of aromatic substances present in the form of tiny droplets in the leaves, peel fruit, resins, branches, and wood. These oils are a very interesting group, who are endowed with insecticidal properties. In order to find alternatives to chemical insecticides of synthesis, it is necessary to find and promote new phytosanitary practices that would have effects on the one hand, obtaining agricultural products of good market value, and on the other hand, respecting socio-ecological concepts of each ecosystem in preserving our environment in the long term. It is in this perspective that this study enrolled to evaluate the insecticidal activity of essential oils of three moroccan aromatic and medicinal plants: Thymus vulgaris, Mentha spicata and Citrus limonum. The results showed that the most important insecticidal activity was obtained for Thymus vulgaris essential oil followed by the Mentha spicata oil while the lowest activity was observed in Citrus limonum.

The sector of aromatic and medicinal plants in Morocco is full of potential thanks to the diversity of plant species. Therefore, more than 4000 species have been identified of which 800 are endemic and 600 are classified as products for aromatic or medicinal use, which has allowed it to be ranked well globally.Annual national productions amount to several hundred thousand tonnes while providing alternative income to local communities, generating tens of thousands of working days each year.This ethnobotanical study was carried out in several moroccan cities and for this purpose we have set three objectives: determining the frequency of use of medicinal plants by the population, the choice of aromatic plants most used in moroccan folk medicine, and particularly the biological activities sought in our work and the collection of information on selected plants using two types of questionnaires that have been addressed to the general public and herbalists. The results obtained constitute a very valuable source of information for the regions studied and for the national medicinal flora. They could be a database for further research in the fields of phytochemistry and pharmacology and in order to search for new natural substances.

The systematization of ultrasound in the 1st trimester with a search for the nuchal translucency has made it possible to detect numerous pathologies, in particular cystic hygroma, the prevalence of which can reach 2%, and which is defined as having a retro and laterocervical poly cystic mass, These cystic formations are composed of multiple compartments of varying size and containing a liquid; and they are microscopically defined as new cavities formed in the connective tissue and lacking a classic cystic wall, that is to say, they are pseudo-cysts without an internal coating, hence the interest in differentiating them from cervical cystic lymphangioma which has a lymphatic endothelial type coating of variable volume, related to sequestration of lymphatic fluid in the nuchal connective tissue. And which is generally unilateral left anterolateral, and can also involve the shoulder.And also differentiating them from the occipital meningocele by the demonstration of a defect of the bone closure at the level of the cervical spine.Cystic hygroma is often associated with karyotype abnormalities of up to 80% made of monosomy X or trisomy 21 or others, as well as other morphological abnormalities; cardiac, diaphragmatic, skeletal or a set of syndrome. A good knowledge of the factors of poor prognosis makes it possible to inform prenatal counseling and set up correct management.