Following the phenological observations of the species of the Forest Reserve of Kalikuku in the face of seasonal variations in the climate, data on 30 taxa divided into 25 botanical families were collected. Fabaceae have more species than other families (16.6%).Defoliation (from May to August) is noticeable in 50% in Parinari holisti and Trema orientalis, in 70% in Carapa grandifolia and Ocotea usambarensis and in 100% in Bridelia micranthalj, Albizia gummifera and Piptadeniastrum africanum.Whereas, for the entire massif, flowering (November-mid-February) and its peak (December-January), fruiting (January-April), sheath dissemination (March-June), then regeneration (August-December) synchronously with the foliage influenced, at the same time, by precipitation from August to December, are the events summarized in the phenogram. As for the local use of wood, the surveys revealed 8 species involved in crafts, 12 in herbal medicine and 10 in mushroom production.

Cleome gynandra L., known as kenebdo in Burkina Faso is an important traditional leafy vegetable for nutritional supplement meant to populations in Burkina Faso where many people, especially children, are suffering from chronic malnutrition. Indeed, due to its high nutritional value, it is a good food supplement in providing nutritional and medicinal needs. This study aims at identifying varieties of interest according to climatic zones of Burkina Faso for varietal improvement of species through multi-local evaluations of a collection of C. gynandra. 36 accessions were basically collected in 12 provinces of Burkina Faso and used as plant material. Experiments were conducted in three sites located in the three climatic zones of Burkina Faso. They were conducted during rainy season using a Fischer block design with three replications. Measurements and observations were made on 16 variables, such as 4 qualitative and 12 quantitative variables. The study revealed great agromorphological variability within the accessions with significant different performances according to the three climatic zones. It also showed significant interaction between accessions and experimental sites for most of the variables. In general, the best agronomic performances were observed in Bobo Dioulasso followed by Ouagadougou while the low performances were recorded in Dori. For each climatic zone, a set of 10 accessions were identified as genotypes of interest that could be used for varietal improvement of C. gynandra in Burkina Faso.

In this work, we present a study of heat transfer through the different layers of a frequency modulated pavement structure. Solving the heat equation for the different layers obtained the temperature and the heat flux density of each layer (from the wearing course to the base layer) of the structure. The expression of the equivalent thermal impedance of the wearing course in crushed plastic bag waste and sugar cane residue, found by thermal electrical analogy, allowed to study the diagrams of Bode, its phase and his portrayal of Nyquist. These studies are carried out in the illumination zone and in the shaded zone.

This study aims to contribute to the valuation of unconventional wild oilseeds, by characterizing certain nutritional parameters of the seeds and liquid fat contents of P. macrophylla and T. heckelii, from the flora biodiversity of Côte d'Ivoire.P. macrophylla seeds have a moisture content of 11.9% with 2% ash and 2% dietary fibre while T. heckelii contains 7.5% moisture, 3.33% ash and 3.2% dietary fibre. The mineral analysis of the seeds reveals the strong predominance of minerals potassium (K) and phosphorus (P). The seeds of P. macrophylla contain 1295 mg/100g DM (dry matter) of K and 1141mg/100g DM of P. The respective contents of these two macroelements in T. heckelii are 554.6 and 450.7 mg/100g DM. Analysis revealed that P. macrophylla seeds are richer in trace elements (8.37 mg/100g DM of Fe, 5.18 mg/100g DM of Zn and 2.64 mg/100g DM of Mn) compared to T. heckelii (4.38 mg/100g DM of Fe; 1.45 mg/100g DM of Zn and 1.35 mg/100g DM of Mn). The liquid fat content was 57.7% and 64.7% respectively for P. macrophylla and T. heckelii. P. macrophylla oils have a density of 0.86, a refractive index of 1.51 and a viscosity of 0.55 mPas. As for T. heckelii, it was found a density of 0.84, a refractive index of 1.46 and a viscosity of 0.61 m2/S.

The research aims at highlighting the most relevant levers for more accurate actions for innovation in the food industry by artisanal units. In particular, we target to identify through the reciprocal interactions of the various actors, the processes likely to lead the artisanal processing units to adopt innovations of product, process, and marketing to ensure the competitiveness of the products.Therefore, we focused on the following: how do the institutional processes lead to the innovation of the artisanal processing units? More specifically: what are the institutional logics that support the artisanal units’ processes of innovation? Is the institutional work leading to the adoption of new or improved methods of processing and marketing by these units?.For this purpose, we adopted a qualitative approach by focusing on the case of a federation of women, so-called FEPRODES, in the District of Saint-Louis. Through in-depth interviews and documentary analysis, we focused on the changes and innovations led by the FEPRODES. The discourse analysis is used to grasp the organizational field of the artisanal processing units of local rice.Results showed that the institutional work allowed women to change the social structure in the rice sector, to be endowed with several strategic resources, and thus, to lead the innovation processes in the rice industry.

This study was conducted to assess the molecular diversity of eight NJM x GVT coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L) hybrid progenies and a BP121+ hybrid control using 15 microsatellite loci. The NJM x GVT hybrids are tolerant to the Lethal yellowing coconut disease when the control is very susceptible to the disease. As a result of this work, 86 alleles were identified at the 15 microsatellite loci with a variation of 2 to 11 alleles per locus. The intra-progeny diversity (HS = 0.50) is higher than the inter-progeny diversity (DST = 0.04). The allelic richness of the progeny ranges from 2.07 to 3.13. The NJM x GVT progenies are molecularly different from the control PB121+. In sum, 63.95% of the alleles present in the NJM x GVT progenies are absent in the BP121+ control. Furthermore, 8.14% of the alleles present in the control are absent in the NJM x GVT hybrids. Collecting samples for further work such as QTLs identification could take these results into account. Thus, it would be wise and advantageous to sample a high number of trees per progeny than to choose several families of progenies. The allelic richness of the progenies could guide the choice of progenies. The markers comprising the private alleles detected between the PB121+ and NJM x GVT progenies can be used in the varietal purity tests.

A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted, between May and July 2021 before any anti-Covid-19 vaccination program implementation, among 720 staff working in six hospitals in the province of North Kivu in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.The aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.Individual data on socio-demographic and professional parameters and wearing mask were collected on the basis of a standard form. A blood sample was taken for qualitative determination of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using immuno-chromatographic “Panbio COVID-19 IgG/IgM Device (25T)” kits.The overall IgG/IgM sero-prevalence was 32.9% (n = 720). This seroprevalence among hospital staff was not significantly associated with their age, gender, professional category, department to which they were assigned in the hospital, or location in a rural or urban setting of their hospitals, nor to the systematic wearing of masks.Among hospital staff who reported contact with a Covid-19 patient, seroprevalence was twice as high at service on the workplace 32.6% (n = 282) [(PR (95% CI)], [2.30 (1.46 – 2.95)] (p = 0.001).In conclusion, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies seropositivity level among service providers in hospitals in North Kivu province in Eastern DRC is high and that contamination seems more than half as frequent in a professional hospital environment as at the level of the family unit.

The purpose of this article is part of the logic of establishing a production plan in order to maximize turnover. In general, the resolution of mathematical programming problems (the production problem case of the BRASIMBA of Lubumbashi), aims to determine the best possible combination of limited resources (storage capacity for example), to achieve a certain objective. These allocations must maximize a so-called objective function, which can be a cost or a profit. To achieve our goal, we used the Python object-oriented programming language to computerize the so-called Simplex method, which starts from a basic feasible solution or acceptable basic solution that is not improved step by step. This method stems from linear programming, which is nothing more than a particularity of mathematical programming.

The object of this article is part of the logic of computerization of mathematical calculations. The countless mathematical calculations prove to be tedious and complicated, even impossible to perform manually and the considerable time required to process them. This is particularly with regard to the calculations of the probability of the life annuity to allow the National Social Security Fund (CNSS) in acronym of the province of Haut-Katanga to determine the result in a few seconds, to ward off errors and remove fatigue. A life annuity is a sum of money, called arrears, that a person (the annuitant or the insurer) undertakes to pay periodically to another person (the insured or the annuitant) until the death of that person. this. Hence the name "life". Since life insurance operations are linked to the length of human life, their implementation absolutely requires the calculation of the probabilities of death or survival from mortality statistics.

The object of this present work falls under the optics of the comparison of two operating systems.Doing a comparative study between the Windows and Linux system will make it possible to identify the strengths and weaknesses of each system in order to choose which is the most efficient compared to the other.An operating system can be defined as a system program that controls the execution of application programs. It is responsible for loading and running application programs. He must ensure the availability of the required hardware and software configurations before executing the application program.It is responsible for loading and running application programs. He must ensure the availability of the required hardware and software configurations before executing the application program.

This study is carried out in Bugorhe and Irhambi-Katana Grouping in 2019, Kabare Sud-Kivu, DRC. The difficulties linked to the marketing identified therein and its by-product are: Poor associative organization, the products are not preserved because the conservation techniques are not known by almost all tomato growers, Lack of knowledge of the markets and prices, existence of competitors on the same markets, absence of marketing coordination structures.The proposed solutions are: Better organization and training of producers. Better study the markets, control prices, learn about and participate in price variations, improve and adapt the quality of products and by-products, install and operate processing units as coordination structures for tomato-related activities in this place.Our hypotheses are tested on a chi-square basis: those related to the difficulties are confirmed and those related to the solutions to these difficulties are partially invalidated. Dynamic and operational marketing is essential here.

This study is carried out in the Bugorhe and Irhambi-Katana Kabare South Kivu group in the DRC. Our sample is determined using the Lunch Formulation. Data collection is done by observing the survey questionnaire and the group interview.The difficulties with the transformation identified are ignorance of the transformation techniques, the under-information of farmers, neglect to transform.The solutions to these difficulties are: training-information of beneficiaries in processing technique, targeting more motivated actors, capacity building and current practice of this processing-conservation. The identified forms of processing are: freezing, drying and bagging of drying pulp simple, tomato juice fresh tomato pulp, tomato puree; drying and bagging of severed seeds.

In the Lukula Territory, slash-and-burn agriculture remains the most significant occupation, but with negative effects on the vegetation cover. It is dominated by the presence of natives who exploit it anytime, anywhere, anyhow, in the mayumbe forest as well as in the savannas, according to three types of crops, namely: fruit, market gardening and food. This regular and irrational exploitation of the aforementioned ecosystems causes different forms of interrelated equilibrium disruptions, and this leads to low agricultural yields. What are the environmental and ecological consequences linked to slash-and-burn agriculture as practiced around the Lukula Territory? This concern has led us to presuppose that the environmental and ecological consequences are varied and interactive, mainly affecting the ecological, economic and socio-cultural functions that forest and savannah ecosystems fulfill. Hence, the constant installation of environmental, ecological, economic and social vulnerabilities.The results obtained from this study confirm that the agricultural practice area is located either in the Mayumbe forest (opinion of 71% of subjects surveyed), or in the savannas (opinion of 29% of subjects surveyed).

The involvement of health workers is an approach that has contributed greatly to the promotion of the health status of populations, especially in low-income countries. However, this involvement would only be effective if these health workers are adequately trained, regularly monitored and supervised, and linked to health facilities to allow for rapid referral of identified problems in the community. This study is conducted to ensure that health workers are trained to provide better services during vaccination action of children against measles. This is a quasi-experimental study conducted in two urban health zones in the city of Goma. The study population was made up of health workers occasionally taken in the health areas of these two zones. Data were collected and processed using SPSS and Excel. Logistic regression and odd-ratio tests were performed to determine the effect of training the health workers on the vaccination of children against measles. During the intervention, 35 children per month were covered. Routine AVM vaccination estimated at 2065 children before the interventions rose to 5463 AVM vaccinated with an estimated coverage of 80.7% after the interventions, while the health centers notified a total of 128 cases. The training of Community Health Works on social mobilization for vaccination appears to be an important tool in the promotion of the vaccination system. It reminds the mother and allows for recovery of dropout’s loss lost to follow-up, especially for the latest vaccines such as the AVM.

The Mokali and Tshuenge rivers are located in the North-East and 20 km from the center of Kinshasa. In order to better understand the nature of the socio-environmental impacts of the activities practiced in their watersheds area, analyses of these activities were carried out. This study was made on the basis of direct field observations and surveys of the resident populations of these catchment areas. The assessment of the magnitude of these activities showed that the five environmental components are strongly affected and that appropriate measures should be taken to protect them.

The exploitation of peppers is oriented by their characteristics, namely and first the pheno-morphological ones. Those of peppers from the Haut-Sassandra region (Côte d’Ivoire) are poorly described. In order to establish them, 18 accessions were characterized from eight quantitative parameters in a five-repeat incomplete random block trial. The analyses revealed accessions with opposite and similar characteristics. Thus, the accession Bec d’oiseau collected in Zoukougbeu, with a long germination period (9 days), good growth and good vegetative development, the largest leaf area (26.61 cm2), is it the most different accession of the 17 others. Also the accession Inconnu collected in Daloa stood out with the shortest time to germination (5 days), good growth and vegetative development, the second highest plant height (23.02 cm), but low lateral growth and leaf area. Likewise, the accession Bec d’oiseau from Issia stood out with the longest time to germination (10 days), average growth and development. The other 15 accessions formed a cluster, with a relatively short to relatively long time to germination (6-8 days), relatively slow growth and vegetative development. This study showed the existence of an important pheno-morphological diversity within the 18 accessions of peppers studied. Time to germination, plant height and leaf area were particularly discriminant of these accessions. The characteristics of these peppers can be exploited in breeding.

Faced with the degradation of natural resources linked mainly to the phenomenon of climate variability in Africa, the Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR) strategy is more and more recommended to certain farmers in West Africa. This article therefore aims to assess the impact of Assisted Natural Regeneration on flora in agro-ecosystems in the southern Sudanian agro-climatic zone of Burkina Faso. The research took place on the outskirts of the Classified Forest and Partial Wildlife Reserve of Comoé Léraba located in the southwestern part of Burkina Faso. The field work on the identification of the floristic composition and the structure in the fields under ANR shows that the composition of the flora in the parcel of land under ANR contains 93.5% of the total of the species listed. This reveals the will of the producers to diversify the species in the fields under ANR. This study allowed the determination of the phytoecological characteristics of agricultural areas under ANR and encourages the popularization of ANR in the southern Sudanian zone, as a strategy for anticipating the degradation of natural resources which compromises agroforestry production.

Maerua crassifolia Forssk. is an evergreen fodder tree whose fruits, flowers and especially the leaves constitute an important resource in the feeding of the herds on the rangelands in Niger. This study is part of the identification of insect dynamics in the foliage of Maerua crassifolia Forssk. (Capparidaceae) in the Niamey region (Niger).The study was carried out in two stands of Maerua crassifolia at Abdou Moumouni University in Niamey. Entomological observations were made on randomly selected forage trees representing at least 10% of each of the two stands. The entomological fauna associated with Maerua crassifolia as well as the main defoliating insects belonging to four orders (Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Isoptera) were determined. The entomofauna inventory revealed the presence of 24 species; these species belong to 11 orders of insects from 22 families. Caterpillars of the genus Belenois (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) were collected and identified as the main pests of Maerua crassifolia’s leaves.

This paper investigated, using 1-D analysis, the effect of low energy electrons emitted from Promethium – 147 (Pm-147) on the performance of a silicon PV cell. The Pm-147 source is chosen due to the penetration depth of beta particles with the average kinetic energy of 62.5 KeV emitted from Pm-147, because at this depth the are able to generate charge carriers right down to the base. The continuity equation of excess minority carrier is solved respectively in the emitter for excess holes and in the base for excess electrons. The analytical expression of the density of electrons and holes for each part of the solar cell is derived and, in turn, the electrical parameters (Jsc, Voc, FF, η) of the PV cell are found. The influence of radiation flux on short-circuit current density (Jsc), Open circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF) and conversion efficiency (η) are discussed. if we vary the flux of incident particles up to the value of 3.1010 cm-2, we achieve a relative increase in the PV Cell conversion efficiency of the order of 0.2743 %.

The city of Grand-Bassam in the south-east of Côte d'Ivoire is faced with a sanitation problem, the direct consequence of which is the untreated discharge of wastewater into the Ouladine lagoon. This work aims to determine the physico-chemical and metallic quality of urban wastewater discharged into the Ouladine lagoon without treatment. The samples were taken respectively during the dry season (March 2021) and the rainy season (June 2021) on seven (07) outlets of the pipes. The pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen (O2) were measured in situ using a multi-parameter HANNA HI 9829. Parameters such as Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) were measured in the field with a portable multi-parameter spectrophotometer Pastel UV - Secomam. The various physico-chemical and metallic parameters were analysed in the laboratory according to the analysis methods recommended by the French normalisation association (Association Française de Normalisation). The results obtained show that the parameters studied (T, pH, DO, COD, TSS, TKN, Pt, As, Cd and Pb) have variable contents from one site to another. Most of the parameters exceeded the limit values recommended by Ivorian regulations for wastewater, except for the levels of metals, which remained low at all sampling points. According to the results of this study, a municipal wastewater treatment system must be set up to discharge a liquid effluent that complies with Ivorian regulatory requirements.

This study aims to calculate the financial loss related to the abstration of fresh water from the Oubangi river in DR Congo, its impact on the investment project for the 400 kV Inga-Pointe-Noire power line, compared to the lost power of 140.1 MW, quantity of water with the planned withdrawal of 100 billion cubic meter is a flow of more or less 3,150 cubic meter per second, which is equivalent to 8 % of the flow volume of the Congo river and the kWh selling price of $ 0.01. Our study produced the results giving the elements of the financial loss of this water pumping, which is a major contribution in the fields of the electrical network and the invironment.

The electrification project is mainly linked to the financial results, rather than to its technical aspect. As part of our research subjed, we considered the subscribed power, the annual energy requested, the annual revenue after 15 years, the cost of the loan, the repayment period of 15 years, the annual interest rate at 10 %, the kWh price of 0.01 USD and operating load in 15 years. Our study produced the results giving the elements of analysis of the economic viability of an electrification project, which is a major contribution in the field of the electric network.

This study aims to show the financial and technical impact of energy saving by the use of LEDs to replace incandescent lamps and fluorescent tubes in the lighting circuits of consumers, of the MV/LV electrical distribution network of the LUKA camps district in the city of Kinshasa province in DR Congo. Our study produced the results giving the elements of the financial and technical analysis, which is a major contribution in the fields of energy saving in electric network.

The plan to deploy a distribution network is mainly linked to financial results, rather than to its technical aspect. As part of our research subject, we condidered the installed power, the annual energy requested, the annual revenue after 5 years, the cost of the loan, the repayment period of 5 years, the annual interest rate at 10 %, value added tax 16 %, kWh price of 0.01 USD and operating charge in 5 years. Our study produced the results providing the elements for the analysis of the financial viability of the distribution network deployment project, which is a major contribution in the field of the electricity network.

In principle, the parliament’s control over the executive power is grounded on a simple idea. Having received a mandate from the people, the legislative chambers should have the possibility to check how the State manages public affairs. This will help the State continue going on the right way, which most corresponds to the desires of the national community.However, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, political actors who take part in this process (control) have totally distorted or denatured it for unveiled reasons. We consider this distortion or denaturation of the parliament members’ role as political « vicissitudes ». This article is meant to display the various ways in which the parliament’s role is denatured in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It has the merit to reveal to the large public the new and hidden side of the members of parliament mission as they control the government’s actions. Instead of ensuring transparency and efficiency in the State management, this parliamentary prerogative is surprisingly turned into a mean means for getting more wealth and hold on power.

Accidents at work as a result of deplorable conditions of safety and health at work in particular, the lack of wearing protective equipment are responsible for great suffering, significant losses for employees and their families, employers and social security funds. In addition to the knowledge of the factors explaining occupational risks and the requirements for wearing protective equipment, the world of work will enable the world of work to achieve decent work. The general objective is to improve the prevalence of injuries and their location among injured workers in the formal sector of Haut-Katanga in order to promote the health and well-being of the population of the Democratic Republic of Congo in general and that of Haut-Katanga in particular. Methods: This is a multicenter historical cohort study including all workers in the formal sector in the province of Haut-Katanga victims of accidents at work registered at the National Social Security Fund and in a mining company in the city of Lubumbashi in the province of Haut-Katanga. Results: During this first phase (2010 to 2017), 510 occupational accident files were recorded. The highest accident rate was recorded in 2012. Males account for 93.10%. The bride and groom were the most injured, accounting for nearly 91.72%. The seniority bracket ranging from 1 to 10 years was the most rugged bracket with 63.12%. The primary sector is the most rugged sector with 70.8% of which miners represent 51.5%. Workers with a primary education level are the most injured with 83%. The multivariate analysis shows that workers in the primary sector are the most injured as well as those with a seniority of less than 7 years. Subjects who had head injuries had a better cure rate. During the second phase, the study conducted in a mining company showed that out of a total of 338 workers, 14 cases of occupational accidents were recorded. 95.1% of the victims had a primary education. During this study, wounds account for a significant proportion (37.08%). Among the various injuries recorded (20.12%), those of the chest are the basis of deaths. Involvement of the limbs (lower left limb 22.09%, lower right limb 19.53%, right upper limb with 16.77%, left upper limb with 11.64%), head with 18.15% and trunk with 11.24%. As for the nature of the lesions, wounds account for a significant proportion (37.08%).

Introduction: Occupational risks resulting from deplorable safety and health conditions at work are responsible for major consequences recorded in the families of the injured, for employees as well as for social security funds. Knowledge of the psychosocial factors that may give rise to occupational risks will enable the world of work to develop a coherent occupational safety and health program and to give concrete expression to the concept of decent work.The objective of this research is to study the impact of psychosocial factors in the occurrence of occupational risks in a mining company in the formal sector in the province of Haut-Katanga.Methodology: Our exploratory descriptive study was in a mining company in Haut-Katanga Province in the Democratic Republic of Congo.-The reference population is made up of the workers of this same mining company in Haut-Katanga. These workers were divided into three sectors: mining, mineral processing and administration (support sector).-A stratified random sampling of 338 workers was carried out. The Karasek questionnaire was used for data collection.Results: Our study conducted in a mining company showed that out of a total of 338 workers.During this study, karasek’s questionnaire administered to the 338 workers showed that 258 workers were classified and 80 were not. The addition of addictive behaviors such as alcohol and tobacco consumption showed « low social support » in 83% of those classified, 84.6% had a seniority of at least 5 years and 83.1% were assigned to mining operations.A « low decision-making latitude » was perceived by 91.8% of the classified. Of this group, 89.9% had a seniority of at least 5 years and 97.3% worked in the mining operations sector. A strong psychological demand is reported by 84.8% of classified workers. Of this group, 84% had a seniority of at least 5 years and 86.8% were assigned to the mining operations sectors. The perception of low decision-making latitude was influenced by professional status and industry. Classified workers reported low latitude 2.5 times more than their unclassified counterparts.Conclusion: Psychosocial factors are a reality in our professional environment and therefore responsible for occupational risks.The control and evaluation of psychosocial factors make it possible to prevent the occurrence of occupational risks likely to cause bodily injury and socio-economic harm at different levels.

Introduction: The teaching profession in general is among the professions that impose many mental, physical, psychological and social constraints. Therefore, his environment is supposed to offer him a serene environment in order to allow him to control his health and avoid situations likely to lead to certain circumstances of many dysfunctions whose consequences deteriorate the working conditions of teachers and moreover his health. Nowadays, education is a major asset of essential societal development and as a result, the teaching profession is considered to be a job at high risk of stress, psychological risks following direct and constant contact with learners or even potentially a source of disrespectful behavior and verbal aggression, physiques etc. able to develop strong feelings of inferiority and personal failure if teachers are continually confronted with these types of stress and conflict situations that challenge their professional status, feeling attacked in their work and professional identity, and also a source of burnout. It is counted among the jobs with a significant level of social interactions such as health and social services. Objective: To determine the generating and moderating factors of occupational stress in teachers as well as the profile of blood pressure in this population. Methodology: This was a nested case-control study, conducted in the city-province of Kinshasa from October 2018 to June 2019, in six schools in the primary and secondary sectors. Two hundred and one (201) teachers participated in the study, with the M/F ratio being 2: 1. We administered the Karasek-Siegrist Occupational Stress and Effort/Reward Questionnaire as a first step. Then, after initial measurement of blood pressure by ourselves, we subjected the participants to a self-measurement of their blood pressure, after training according to the recommendations of the French Society of High Blood Pressure. We analyzed by Chi-carré de Kruss-Wallis on the IBPM-SPSS version 20 software, the results by comparing stressed teachers (cases) and controls (relaxed, active and passive subjects).Results: We found 40% of the stressed subjects that we compared to the control groups consisting of 12% of relaxed subjects, 25% of active subjects and 23% of passive subjects. Out of a total of 201 teachers, 20% had an increase in the initial BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg according to the reference values of the classification of the WHO and the European Society of Hypertension.

In this study, political actors and application of agreements in the DRC, it has been shown how the New Year's Eve agreement was only a result of the non-respect of the constitution by the Kabila regime. This means that non-compliance with regulatory provisions pushes social actors to sign political agreements which, in most cases, are not respected after they have been signed, and whose elements are the basis of their violations by the players involved are political, economic, social and cultural, which can be grouped into two. On the one hand, the elements linked to political actors (selfishness, greed, individualism, the various advantages that the power they hold gives them, etc.), and on the other hand, the elements linked to the internal and external environment. So for the political actors to respect their commitments, we have suggested the active participation of citizens and the national conscience of the rulers.

Growing population is a challenge for developing countries. They must resort to quality agriculture in order to meet the nutritional needs of this population. In Benin, agriculture occupies a prominent place in the socio-economic life of the population. The objective of this study is to identify from a multi-criteria approach combined with GIS, the specific areas for the cultivation of various cereals, tubers and other food crops and market gardening in order to contribute to the improvement of yields in Hills. The methodology used is based on GIS techniques coupled with multi-criteria analysis methods from data on the physico-chemical components of the soil, agricultural statistics and socio-economic data obtained in the field. The results obtained show that the hills department has a good aptitude for soybean crops and market gardening but moderately suitable in the communes of Dassa-Zoumè and Savè. In general, the department of Collines is suitable for most crops practiced in Benin. This is partly due to the knowledge that producers have of the quality of their soil, often assessed through the level of yield of the previous one.