Background: Prostate cancer is worldwide distributed and the most killer cancer of all diagnosed cancer cases among males. The situation in Ghana is not different, hence the need to determine the most appropriate preventive measures to curb this menace. Purpose: This review seeks to assess the use phytochemicals to prevent development of prostate cancer in Ghana. Method: Systematic literature review uses to search for review and research articles in PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. The research was restricted to January 2002 to December 2019 for open access review and research articles. Principal Result: It revealed that, prostate cancer is the most diagnosed cancer among adult males in Ghana as documented globally. Poverty and poor health seeking behavior inhibit early detection of treatment. Plant foods and use of diet to prevent prostate cancer was researched as done in other countries, for recommendation. Cruciferous, Isoflavones and Lycopene phytochemicals have been established by this review that, their metabolic mechanism is prevent the growth of prostate cancer. Conclusion: Globally, it is established that, prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among male adults. However, research has shown that apart from chemotherapy and hormonal therapies, dietary fibers are critical in prevention of prostate cancer. Awareness creation about the use of phytochemicals like cruciferous, Isoflavones, lycopene and others plant foods curbing prostate cancer should be made in Ghana.

This study examined the effect of executive perks on performance of quoted consumer goods firms in Nigeria using secondary data obtained from the annual reports of such firms. A sample of (15) selected consumer goods firms were used for the period of 10years spanning 2010 to 2019. The study was predicated on Ex-post facto and longitudinal research design and used secondary data for the analysis. Four objectives and hypotheses were formulated to guide this study. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Correlation Matrix and Panel Least Square regression. The result revealed that social cost and health care cost have positive and significant effect on performance of consumer goods firms which was statistically significant at 1% and 5% level of significant respectively while a negative and insignificant relationship was documented against executive perks in form of staff loan and performance of Nigerian consumer goods firms. The finding shows that about 41.7% approximately of the system variation in performance of consumer goods firms were jointly explained by all the independent variables of our sampled firms over the 10 years period while about 58.3% of the total variations were unaccounted for, hence captured by the stochastic error term. The study therefore recommends among others that consumer goods firms should pay attention to social cost and healthcare cost in order to boost the morale of both the management and the staff and should not do executive perks activities only when they have made extra normal profit. Rather it should be approached from humanitarian perspective knowing that there are also financial benefits accruable from these expenditures. In addition, consumer goods firms should be mindful of the fact that they owe duty of care to employee and not only the business owners. They should dearth from parochial objective of only owners’ welfare.

The past tense acquisition has always been a challenging task for the Second Language (L2) learners. The challenge resides in conveying ideas, thoughts, and opinions either in spoken or written production. This study attempts to designate and classify the causes of morphological errors committed by Moroccan EFL learners’. The focus is on factors that augment morphological errors more precisely in students’ written productions. Corder’s (1974) Error Analysis is adopted to evaluate and measure the errors spotted in learners’ essays. The subjects who participated in this investigation are 120 Moroccan engineering students at ENSET Mohammedia, Hassan II University. The findings demonstrate that a) the students’ English morphological appropriateness is low b) the learners overgeneralize the rule of the regular past tense over the irregular. Even though the participants’ levels vary between beginners and pre-intermediate English language level according to the placement test. English inconsistency, misuse of rules, and language interference are the main factors causing such errors. This paper suggests that English language instructors need to pay close attention to learners’ language proficiency. It is quite impossible to eradicate all of the learners’ errors. Yet, a meticulous explanation by providing a semantic context of verbs could help reduce students’ errors.

The diagnosis made in this study reveals that the incursion of the Mbororo and LRA into Bas-Uélé Province has led to major upheavals. The former being nomadic herders and the latter being an extremely violent political-religious group, their presence in Bas-Uélé has been at the root of the population's insecurity. In the face of the horror of the violence in this Province, we have seen the emergence of a self-defence group against the LRA and the massive fleeing of civilians. In addition, civilian populations whose income-generating activities are mainly in the field have been forced to abandon them, resulting in the deterioration of their social conditions. This makes parents unable to ensure their children's schooling.

It should be noted that the insecurity in Bas Uélé Province raises two fundamental questions. The first is the lack of regional coordination because the dynamics at work involve regional collaboration. The second is that of security governance in the DRC. Today, most of the security problems in this country highlight the weak security and defence policy. The Congolese government, which should curb this phenomenon in this province, has carried out actions that have lifted the veil on their ineffectiveness. We have succeeded in developing a theoretical model to curb security in this province, called the "Regionalized Security Model", our theoretical model is part of the security complex theory developed by Barry Buzan and considers a region as an object of analysis in its own right.

Composite wall consisting of three layers placed from outside to inside in concrete, plaster and plexiglass, is subject to external climatic constraints evolving in frequency dynamic regime. Goal is to maintain indoor environment at lower temperature for thermal comfort in homes or thermal insulation of cold rooms. By means of excitation pulsation, periods of external climatic stresses for which thermal insulation is effective for this wall system are determined.

The Middle East is the epicentre of world geopolitics because it is at the heart of the stakes and the desires of the world's powers. The United States, which has long considered itself the world's policeman, must deal with the unbridled ambitions of the new Russia, determined to catch up in global governance. Since the end of the cold war, this is the first time that these two states have fought on the same political, diplomatic and strategic ground that the Syrian conflict offered. Beyond the lines of friction, Americans and Russians have been forced to cooperate against the dangerous expansionism of the Islamic state under the banner of the fight against terrorism.

Integration is the act of bringing elements together to form a homogenous whole. Brexit is breaking this concept of integration. The construction of Europe, which began in the 1950s, has blotted out the seeds of warmongering nationalism in the Old Continent. Europhobia fuelled by immigration, the political upheavals in Africa and the Middle East, the economic crisis and growing hyper-terrorism are all structural as well as cyclical factors in the implosion of the EU. After the British vote on the "Leave", exit agreements were formalised between the EU and the United Kingdom, the act of which has geopolitical, geo-economic, geo-strategic and geocultural consequences for both the European Union and Great Britain and for Africa, as well as for US-EU relations. It should be noted that the EU will lose one of its two permanent member states in the UN Security Council. The Brexit is an element that affirms the idea that the sovereignty and national interest of states take precedence over anything else in international life. Brexit has exposed the failure of the European integration process as a model school. In this way, it has exposed the limitations that integration organisations would suffer from leaving the phase of economic and monetary union to political union.

5q -syndrome is a unique paradigm of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) characterized by the correlation between cytology and cytogenetics and the low risk of clinical progression. It is a category apart in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) because of its hematological peculiarities, its pathophysiology which remains unknown, and the refractoriness of the anemia with which it is associated. It is a pathology that affects the female sex with predilection. The prognosis of the disease remains good and the risk of malignant transformation into acute leukemia does not exceed 15%. Through this work, we report a typical case of SMD with deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5 in order to describe the observation of this particular entity diagnosed in our formation, rare in our Moroccan context and we must know how to evoke before refractory anemia most often isolated.

The preservation and consumption of food of animal origin requires pickling, smoking or cooking techniques. In Côte d'Ivoire, particularly in Abidjan, in the communes of Abobo and Port-Bouët, the stripping of beef hides with fuels such as used tires, rubber debris and rubberwood is a widespread practice. The "kplo" or treated and smoked beef skin is highly prized. The same is true for the "choukouya", beef, sheep or goat meat cooked in artisanal metal ovens fuelled mainly with rubberwood in the communes of Port-Bouët and Yopougon. These practices generate fumes containing entities that are toxic to human food, including trace metal elements (TMEs), which are carcinogenic or mutagenic. The objective of this study is to assess the risks associated with the consumption of meat and offal (skins) contaminated with TMEs. A dietary frequency-based survey was conducted. Sixty (60) skin samples and 120 meat samples were taken. Analysis was performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results show that rubber wood and used tires are the most commonly used fuels. Among the metals investigated, lead had a daily exposure (6.52 µg/kg bw/d) above its ADI (3.5 µg/kg bw/d). The hazard ratio of 1.86 greater than 1 for lead indicates the occurrence of threshold adverse effects. ERIs greater than 10-5 indicate the occurrence of carcinogenic or mutagenic effects.

Background: World Health Organization (WHO), reported that annually, about 20 million infants are born with low birth weight (LBW) either due to intrauterine growth restriction or preterm, world-wide. Preterm infants are babies born before reaching 37 complete weeks of gestation age. Preterm births accounts for about 15million worldwide and are the chief cause of neonatal mortality rate accounting to about 1 million babies dying annually. Studies revealed that, at least 80% of neonatal deaths happen in sub-Saharan region and south Asia. Malawi is having the vast figure of preterm births and highest neonatal mortality rate among high ranking ones. Objective: This article highlights some of the benefits of mothers own milk to preterm infants and the support lactating mothers needs from health professionals. Results: It was revealed that, preterm babies need extra care and optimizing nutrition is one of the championing strategies to support their health needs. WHO recommends breast milk especially from baby’s own mother as the optimal nutrition for preterm infants. Mothers own milk (MOM) is the best as compared to donor human milk or infant formula in these special infants. The health care professionals support on feeding these special babies is essential. Human milk’s composition is usually adapted to the unique needs of each particular infant and suitable for gestation age. Conclusion: Mothers own milk (MOM) is fundamental in risk reduction of neonatal morbidity and mortality due to its digestibility, bioavailability and suitability to preterm infants. MOM is the best for preterm infants as it is gentle on the baby’s digestive system yet provides more nourishment.

The sociology of the environment is a discipline that studies the interactions between society and the environment. She is interested in the effects that the environment has on societies, and conversely, those of societies on their natural and physical environment. As such, it finds its meaning in the analysis of ethnoecological issues, especially in an African context where culture and environment intertwine. This study looks at the different forms of identity related to the African woman and the question of the environment, especially the Nere. In fact, this article proposes to understand the socioconstruction of Senoufo women around Néré by having a look at social identity and ecological logic. Thus, we are part of the new ecological paradigm developed by Riley Dunlap. To achieve this objective, individual and group interviews of semi-directive type as well as the field observation were carried out according to the techniques of sampling by reasoned choice and by snowball. Thus, it appears that interest in the Nere results from cultural considerations that every woman wants to perpetuate. The ecological logic of the actors of Néré is protective and conservative.

Background: Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus the same vector that causes Dengue and Chikungunya. ZIKV originated from Uganda and was first discovered in monkeys at Zika forest in 1947. Historically, ZIKV causes mild and self-limiting symptoms which can be observed in only 20folds of infected individuals. Recently, in 2015, ZIKV imaged in Brazil and has been linked to serious neurological complications including microcephaly. In 2016, the World Health Organization declared this fact as “Public Health Emergency” Objective: Review on possible mother to child transmission of ZIKV in utero and its related teratogenic effect. Method: Studies both in human and animal models revealed a relationship between ZIKV infection in pregnancy and neurological effects such as microcephaly in fetus and neonates. Result: ZIKV has been linked with microcephaly especially when symptoms emerged in a pregnant woman during first and early second trimester. Conclusion: Although there is a linkage between ZIKV and neurological effects such as microcephaly, most people still doubting as to whether the emerging problem of microcephaly is related to ZIKV infections which is known to present with mild and self-limiting symptoms.

A survey was undertaken in 10 communes in Abidjan district covering a total of 1500 respondents. The methodology used is a diagnosis of food consumption systems on roasted corn flour and level of consumption of roasted corn flour. The results of the survey showed that 93.37% of the surveyed population are consumers of roasted corn flour, compared to 6.13% who are non-consumers. This study identified forty-six (46) vernacular names (local names) for roasted corn flour. Concerning the frequency of consumption, 48.40% of the respondents rarely consume roasted corn flour, 37.50% of the population consumed regularly this flour and 14,10% respondents at least once a week. However, roasted corn flour is usually produced at home than bought at the market and supermarket. In addition, the consumption of roasted corn flour can be accompanied by sugar (72.0%), with peanut paste (12.4%), with red pepper and salt (5.2%), dried winged termites (4.2%), coconut flour (3.6%) and potash (2.6%).

Faced with climatic hazards that lead to the abandonment of some traditional local varieties of maize (Zea mays L.), a study was undertaken in northern Côte d'Ivoire. Its objective was to determine the effectiveness of different manure on the productivity of these local maize varieties under water deficit conditions during the reproductive phase. The experimental device was a split-plot, the first factor of which was fertilizers and the second, variety. A water deficit was observed during the reproductive phase of the maize varieties studied with a higher ETo accumulation than the water available for the plants. The application of chicken droppings and cattle droppings has reduced the development cycle of black seed maize. The depressive effect of water deficit on yield was more pronounced on the control, unlike chicken dropping and cattle dropping manure, which yielded six times more than the control in the black seed variety. As a result, these manures have reduced the depressive effect of water deficit on the yield of this variety. The use of these manures in maize cultivation could be an alternative to the consequences of the water deficit recorded during the reproductive phase in maize.

Clarias camerunensis is a potential catfish for farming in Cameroon. In order to assess the parasitism of its monogeneans as a function of season and standard lengh, a study was conducted from April 2017 to April 2018 in Lép Mōōga stream, of the Nyong river watershed (Southern Cameroon). 179 specimens of C. camerunsis were sampled by angling through 5 consecutive seasons. The Prevalence, density, abundance of adults and larvae of the main Monogenean species as well as the condition coefficient K and gonadosomatic index of the female C. camerunensis were calculated. The prevalence of the adult Quadriacanthus sp. remained equal to or greater than 85% during this study. Its abundance was low and did not show any clear profile pattern; however, its variation peaked during the rainy season. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) and condition factor (K) of female C. camerunensis evolved in parallel and showed that this fish lays three times a year, during the short rainy, the short dry and the long rainy seasons. The profile of Quadriacanthus sp. larvae showed that this monogenean breeds all year with two peaks during the short rainy season (when the female hosts lay and are weak fry also are in the environment), and in January when hosts are more concentrated in low water. The physiological condition of the fish gradually improved as they grew, when the parasitic density decreased. To limit monogenean outbreaks in farming, this work recommands that fish caught in the wild should be placed in quarantine and dewormed before being exploited.

Quarrying industry is a significant business sector; it presents a job opportunity also, a significant source of income through taxes that contributes to local economic development; but it generates negative effects on the environment. The awareness of the protection of the environment requires the reconciliation between the imperatives of preserving the environment and those of sustainable socio-economic development. In this context, this paper presents a study of this activity taking into consideration several heterogeneous variables measured on the study area (province of Settat, Morocco). Which is located in the center of Morocco on the phosphate plateau which is characterized by a geological diversity conducive to the quarrying activity with these 111 quarries which are exploited there it presents a very adequate frame to the study. This is followed by a post-observational analysis of multivariate statistical analysis, the purpose of which is to reduce a large set of variables to a small set that still contains most of the information in the large set.

The main objective of this thesis is to show the contribution of human capital on economic growth in Cameroon. To do this, we specified a multi-equation model on time series data spanning over a period of 36 years (1980 - 2015). We have formulated a system of three simultaneous equations that we had analysed by DMC (Doubles Least Square) and GMM methods due to our Eviews (7.1) software. Conceptual work shows that an educated and healthy population is generally more productive. The results are quite diverse. Literacy shows a negatively and significantly result at a point of 5%, while health shows a positive and non-significant result. The GDP per head remains ambiguous and contradictory when going from one equation to another. Conclusively, the impact of social factors (literacy and health) is condition by political, economic and social stability.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of Tithonia diversifolia in association with three hilling moments in order to identify the best moment (s) associated with Tithonia diversifolia improve soil fertility and thus give bean plants the ability to withstand the attack of bean flies and thus hope to have good yield of common beans. The experimental design was the split plot with three repetitions, with beans’ variety called Kirundo as the main plots. They were subdivided into two subplots, one of which corresponded to the application of Tithonia diversifolia and the other without Tithonia diversifolia. The main plots were nine in total and constituted six different treatments evaluated. A single fresh biomass dose of Tithonia diversifolia equivalent to 10 tons per hectare was applied in all plots with Tithonia d. two weeks before sowing beans. There were significant differences between treatments. Bean’ yield increased by an average of 212.28%, the weight of 100 seeds was improved by an average of 7.2%, the number of pupae such as the cumulative number of dead bean plants was significantly reduced by application of Tithonia diversifolia in this highly endemic study environment for bean maggot, the vigor of bean plants has been improved, there has been no interaction between Tithonia diversifolia and ridging at any given time. In conclusion, the application of Tithonia diversifolia increased bean yield in soil with many soil fertility constraints and highly endemic for bean maggot (Ophiomya spp).

The constraints threatening plantain production in the eastern of DR-Congo include soil fertility. An experiment was conducted at the National Institute for Agricultural Study and Research at Nioka Research Station to evaluate the effect of organic manures and mulch on growth and yield parameters of plantain (Musa AAB). This study revealed that response of organic manures was significant for all the parameters. Manure application enhanced significantly banana plant growth and yield. The highest bunches weight and yield were produced by the plants receiving manure (24.03t/ha) and mulch (23.24 t/ha) while, lowest bunches and yield were harvested in control plot without fertilizer (17.64 t/ha).

This study proposes to describe and analyse the dynamics of didactic interactions in the lessons on addition and multiplication in Z and to interpret their effects. At the end of this study, we have concluded that verbal and non-verbal didactic interactions contribute to the appropriation of knowledge in the seventh year. However, many of them are held back in overcrowded classes, mainly those related to proxemia and kinesis. Thus, the theorical model chosen is one of joint action verbalo-active. The usage of this model in overcrowded classes has given satisfying results. The movement and spread of interactions allowed us to identify the procedures used by teachers in both classes. These are the procedures of motivation, recall, activation, reformulation, validation, institutionalization through the procedure of support and/or mediation in class. These processes have led students to appropriate their knowledge through hesitation, silence, doubt, trial and error, speeches and peer support during interaction. As regards the rules of the signs, the movement of the interactions also enabled the teacher to transpose the rules of the signs by the process of breaking these rules into different stages. This led the students to use a portrait of knowledge in the application of the rules of signs. Future research will be able to examine students' assimilation of each knowledge.

The choice of the economy of the rent in the mining sector for a sustainable development as problematic which is essential in view of the exhaustibility of minerals, the effects of their exploitation methods and their consequences on the environment. This study answers the question of the economic choice that the DRC must make in order to achieve sustainable development from its mining sector. By taking the merits of the mining code of 2002, initiative of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund; and the innovations of the revised code of 2018, initiative of the Democratic Republic of Congo government, we propose the complementarity of the rent economy (code 2002) by a mixed economy. The state should not be satisfied only with the revenue from the exploitation of its minerals by foreign private mining companies, but also from the production deriving from the exploitation of Congolese public and private companies. The aim is to revive national production alongside foreign private production, condition for an inclusive economy, for sustainable development.

The purpose of this work is to assess the quality of groundwater in the Sidi-Taibi region; eight wells were sampled during the months of January and August 2019.19 physicochemical parameters, metallic, mineralogical and bacteriological traces. These Parameters analyzed by potentiometric, titrimetric methods and by using a geochemical diagram. The concentrations of the physicochemical parameters vary from one well to another and characterize these waters in a moderately acceptable range for certain parameters such as T ° C, conductivity, ph, bicarbonate ions, TAC and chloride for the two seasons. While for other parameters is unacceptable for human consumption, such as nitrates, sodium, sulfates which exceed the quality standards of drinking water. The main cause of this pollution is anthropogenic, which presents a major risk for humans and their environment, especially for water resources. According to the Piper diagram, these waters behove in two facies : chlorinated sulphated calcium and manganese and of the chlorinated and nitrated type, while the diagrams of Schoeller-Berkaloff and Wilcox allow us to note that these wells are presently identical profiles and of included quality between good and excellent. The Bacteriological analyzes have shown that these wells are highly contaminated. The results obtained will be of great interest to the health and hygiene services to file a preventive action in order to avoid serious health risks. Also, allow local authorities to establish awareness programs for the preservation and development of water resources.

The aim of this study is to determine the physico-chemical parameters and to evaluate the microbiological quality of zoom-koom, an artisanal beverage sold in Korhogo. It looked at various critical points in the production chain of three processors and one production at the UPGC laboratory. The physico-chemical analyses carried out show that the samples of Zoom-koom have a ph between 3.5 and 6.7 with a titratable acidity ranging from 0.06% to 0.36%. In addition, microbiological analyses showed a mesophilic aerobic germ load ranging from log 5 CFU/ml to log 8.2 CFU/ml. As well, a total coliform load ranging from log 0.7 CFU/ml to log 2.1 CFU/ml was observed, while the yeast load ranged from log 1.2 CFU/ml to log 2.9 CFU/ml. In addition, a lactic acid bacterial load ranging from log 1.2 CFU/ml to log 3.2 CFU/ml was observed in Zoom-koom samples. This beverage is relatively rich in reducing sugars (109-177.3 mg/ml) and protein (8-12 g/ml). Based on the results, Zoom-koom contains nutrients (protein and carbohydrates) that can be used either to provide energy to the body or to help reduce malnutrition.

L’Etat constitue la pièce maitresse du système politique, ce dernier est inhérent au système social, à la société dont il est un aspect. Il faut dire que le système politique n’est pas né ex nihilo, il fait partie d’un ensemble plus vaste et plus complexe; il est « politiquement » le plus important, certes, surtout pour l’étude de L’Etat objet de cette recherche. Cette dernière qui constitue le noyau dur du système politique. En effet, le système politique est constituée par le pouvoir politique dont l’Etat est le siège et l’ensemble de l’environnement social, notamment avec les partis politiques. L’évolution de la notion de l’Etat dans le temps nous permet de déterminer les principales étapes et passages, de l’Etat gendarme, à L’Etat minimal en passant par L’Etat providence et L’Etat animateur. Il faut dire que l’univers politique est un champ de bataille dont l’objet est le pouvoir politique et L’Etat siège de ce pouvoir, permet de prendre les décisions déterminantes pour la société. Pour que telles décisions soient légitimes elles doivent être conformes à la volonté du groupe social: tel est le problème de la démocratie.

An n/p/p+ silicon solar cell under monochromatic illumination with short wavelength is studied in steady state. Photogenerated minority carrier’s density in the base is obtained by solving the diffusion equation with boundary conditions at the surfaces of both the junction and the back. The photocurrent density is calculated and represented as function of junction surface recombination velocity for different absorption coefficient values in the short wavelength range. Then at short-circuit current condition given for large junction recombination values, the back-surface recombination expression is derived as silicon absorption coefficient dependent. As a result, compared with the intrinsic recombination velocity, optimum thickness is extracted for given absorption coefficient corresponding to short wavelength illumination and modeled in mathematic relationship.

Night work is work carried out in whole or in part at night, it is work which is a source of particular hardship and which can have consequences for the health of the nursing staff and the patient. Indeed, the nurse's night working conditions do not always give him the means to provide quality care and meet the needs of patients. This study is the result of a study carried out at the General Reference Hospital of Gemena on Night working conditions of nurses at the General Reference Hospital Gemena and quality of care. The objective of this study is to identify the night working conditions of nurses and their repercussions on the quality of care. The collection of data informed us about the different difficulties encountered during the night shift. To carry out this study, we used the survey method. To collect reliable data related to the objective of this study, we used structured observation and face-to-face interview. The results of the study showed that the night working conditions of nurses are moderately sufficient, namely, poor organization of night service, overwork, insufficient protection and safety measures, absence initiatives and financial encouragement for nursing staff, which increases the physical and mental burden of nurses and affects their health. This study highlighted the night working conditions which can have negative repercussions on the quality of care, either by increasing the patient's stay or by complicating their state of health. Night work is completely different from day work, night nurses are exposed more to certain conditions with negative repercussions: on their state of health, and their patients too. The results of the study showed that at the level of this service, the night working conditions are acceptable for 53% of the nurses, they allow the nursing staff to evolve in a climate of satisfaction and motivation.

This paper analyses the impact of the Foreign Direct Investment on the rate of exchange before or not other variables which can influence the rate of exchange in DRC. In order to confirm our hypothesis assigned to this one and reach its objective, we have referred to the following methods and techniques: the analytical method, the method Lesser Ordinary Square through the model of Error Correction and the documentary technique. Thus, on the basis of different reports of the African Bank of Development, the Central Bank of Congo, and finally the World Table of the World Bank and the international financial statistics of IMF from 1984 to 2015, we have come to the results according to which the official rate of exchange in DRC has a negative impact on the foreign direct investment. Our results prove that money depreciation increases the FDI in the welcoming country and consequently the rate of exchange decreases. So, the drop in the rate of exchange leads to a raise of exportations. In the same conditions, a raise of rate of exchange leads to a reduction of exportations.

Agriculture in tropical regions is characterized by low productivity. In Kabinda, the dramatic fall in crop yields is due to the natural poverty of the soil with nutritious elements, the most important of which is nitrogen and the scarcity of use the chemical fertilizers. Market gardening, an activity that generates income for local populations and ensures their food security. In order to contribute to the substainable improvement of the productivity of vegetables crops. A study on the influence of the organic matter on the pepper (Capsicum nigrum L.) Crop grown on sandy soil in Kabinda was conducted. This work consisted in evaluating the effects of organic manures brought to sandy soils on vegetative growth and pepper yield. The trial was placed according to a complete block randomized device with four repetitions. The treatments consisted of guano, cow dung, chicken droppings and an unamended witness. Our obtained results show that chicken droppings influenced the growth of pepper by giving average values of diameter to the collar and number of leaves respectively 3, 27cm et 48, 5. The same chicken droppings induced pepper production by recording an average number of 4 fruits/plant. However, the highest fruit yield was obtained with the treatment of chicken droppings (22497kg/hectare). Thus, the use of manure based on chicken droppings seems necessary for the cultivation of pepper, in the event of soil deficiency in organic matter, while filling the water deficit during the crop production in Kabinda.

Oesophageal perforation is considered to be the most serious and rapidly fatal of all digestive tract perforations. The aim of our study is to report the experience of the visceral surgery department of the Med V -RABAT military medical hospital in the management of oesophageal perforation.

"Chukutu" is a drink very popular with Togolese and consumed throughout the territory. It is a drink obtained by alcoholic fermentation of the sweet must of sorghum. The scientific investigations for the control of its production began timidly. In all the countries where this beer is prepared and consumed, the tasting quality differs from one producer to another and often each prepared drink is unique. No standardization is proposed in the various existing studies. The main objective of this study is the promotion of this beer by the search for a simple method of quality control accessible to producers. This involves determining the shortcomings in the production and marketing process and researching the physico-chemical characteristics and the alcoholic degrees of the different formulations of this beer using a simple and practical method, the densimetry. Beforehand, a descriptive and analytical transversal study on the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the actors (producers and consumers) of the local beer was made. A random sampling method surveyed 20 producers and 200 consumers in four districts of Greater Lomé (Adéwi, Cacaveli, Démakpoè and Fiovi). Then, an evaluation of the physico-chemical characteristics was made using the densimetry method. The alcohol levels and specific densities of the different types of this drink were evaluated. The influence of the cooking temperature of the sweet must was also studied. The results obtained show that the inspections of the competent authorities remain insufficient. A cooking temperature of 83 °C gives a beer much appreciated by consumers. The alcohol content is not constant and varies from 8.03% for tchoukoutou to 5.50% for tchapalo. In conclusion, the flexible and easy-to-explain densimetry is a method for controlling the quality of local beer. It must be recommended to producers.

Since the 1960s, whenever a conflict has occurred in one of the states of the great lakes’ region of Africa, the balance of neighboring countries has also been threatened. The efforts were made by public and private actors, among others the institutions of these states, international un animators and civil society actors (national, international NGOs, independent actors). And between 2003 and 2006, to restore peace to the region, these efforts resulted in the formal cessation of hostilities and the engagement of countries in the region in the peacebuilding process. All the countries of the region, in particular the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda, still face social injustice, the lack of democracy as well as the problem of managing the border areas essential to maintain a lasting peace. Through this study, we would like to address the situation of the border conflict between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda. And therefore, we will discuss the different approaches to the analysis of this conflict, the character, the actors, the factors, the challenges and evaluate the various attempts to end the crisis already made.

The Dja Faunal Reserve has a significant role in environment/wildlife conservation because of the biodiversity it contains. However, competition between humans and animals for resources leads to human-wildlife conflicts. The overall objective of this study was to contribute to the improvement of human-wildlife conflicts management in the southwestern periphery of the Dja Faunal Reserve. A total of 95 peoples were interviewed in 8 villages using stratified random sampling. The aim was to collect information on the species responsible for the damage, the crops devastated, conflict causes, and impacts of human-wildlife conflicts. This study shows that the loss and fragmentation of wildlife habitats (57%), changes in feeding behaviour due to the proximity of plantations (39%) and the increase in the size of riparian populations (4%) are the main causes of human-wildlife conflicts. Majority of the conflicts were due to wildlife attacks on crops (91%) and often happened at night (70%). Rodents were the main animal species responsible for the damage including hedgehogs (20%), porcupines (18%) and palm rats (11%). The economic losses due to human-wildlife conflicts were estimated at 20 339 335 to 28 597 740 Franc CFA per year. Several suggestions were made, including raising public awareness of the ban on occupying reserved and classified areas, and revising law No. 94/01 to take into account the management of human-wildlife conflicts.

The main research problem is centered on the future of the peri-urban population of the 3rd arrondissement of the city of Zinder, in the face of urban sprawl, which is manifested by a process of spatial extension. In this context, the objective of this scientific production is to analyze the phenomenon of the occupation of lands in peri-urban environments grouping together the village nucleus, the zone of informal extension, development and socio-cultural transformations. The periurban areas, often receive an urban population in search of a cheap land, and a natural environment more favorable or conducive to amenities. As a result, the peri-urban area is gradually becoming urbanized by the phenomenon of urban sprawl caused by population growth, which allows for a process of growth in housing and the frequency of road infrastructure, commercial and public. This paper deals with the forms of social transformations generated by the process of accelerated urbanization in the third district of Zinder city. The study leads to the hypothesis according to which it is possible to make a plausible link between the rapid urban extension and the lifestyle change of the peri-urban population in the third district of Zinder. Apart from the various conflicts the phenomenon provokes, it has also played a major role in the orientation of rural populations towards other socio-economic and professional activities that generate income. Unfortunately, this professional redeployment affects the cultivation and identities of rural people who have lost their farming land. Two urban villages are concerned by this survey. These urban villages are Malan Amar and Bani Agama. The results obtained confirm that the urbanization process in the third arrondissement has both changed the socio-cultural habits of the actors who lived in the peripheries, the modes of acquisition and exploitation of land. This process has also led to a redeployment of rural people to other basic socio-economic activities. The methodological framework is based on the collection of qualitative and quantitative data and the operationalization of the systemic and the functionalist approach.

Piringer Kuchinka lymphadenitis or toxoplasmic lymphadenitis is diagnosed histologically and confirmed by serological tests. Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection caused by an opportunistic protozoan: Toxoplasma gondii, often asymptomatic in the immunocompetent subject, without recourse to specific treatment. We report a case of Piringer Kuchinka adenitis revealing active toxoplasmosis in an immunocompetent child.

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD), or sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML), is a rare idiopathic disorder with unknown etiology. The présentation of RDD is painless bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy. Extranodale RDD without nodale involvement is very rare. Isolated form to the bone occurs in only 2% of patients. We report a rare case of RDD revealed by left radius involvement in an infant aged 21 months with lung involvement in the assessment of extension, treated with chemotherapy with good outcome. Bone involvement is rare, hence the interest in knowing the different etiological diagnoses in order to make the rapid diagnosis and start the appropriate treatment.

Introduction: Central retinal artery occlusion is a pathology of the elderly, rarely in childhood, requiring an exhaustive etiological assessment in order to indicate a treatment to preserve the functional prognosis of the eye. Observation: We report the case of a central retinal artery occlusion in a 4 year old boy, who had no pathological history, discovred at a sudden loss of vision in the right eye aggravated to the blindness. The ophthalmological examination revealed the central retinal artery occlusion. The etiological assessment showed a hypoplasia of the right internal carotid artery associated with agenesis of the ophthalmic artery and the posterior communicating artery. Conclusion: the etiology of the occlusion of the central retinal artery occlusion is very variable, the treatment and the prognosis depend on the etiology.

At a time when the COVID-19 pandemic is raging all over the world, by placing large economies in difficulty, Corporate Social Responsibility has today become a topical issue and even more, it mobilizes reflections as well as initiatives. In this context, CSR is the means to provide a response to this crisis, especially since the organizations' commitments are being put to the test. Corporate Social Responsibility is widely discussed in public and private organizations. The question is undeniably oriented towards the societal role of organizations in the face of the ordeal of the current health crisis. The aim of this article is to make a modest contribution to the debate on this theme and this in the light of the exploration of a literature review and an analysis of CSR practices and approaches implemented by the leaders of certain Moroccan Organizations and the contributions resulting from this perspective.

this article aims to study the lifestyles of congolese and its influence on the enjoyment of the latter given the natural resources that the democratic republic of congo abounds but also its position in the center of africa and the poverty that reigns to master over the population which is not an identity but, which requires a simple effort to implement factors of production among others work, solidarity without borders, awareness and peace will stimulate well-being.

The present study aims to map areas vulnerable to water erosion by the PAP / RAC method using remote sensing and geographic information systems at the level of the Oued Bouhamdane watershed. The qualitative estimate of water erosion by the PAP / RAC method in this watershed provides a synthetic map of the distribution of erosive states, with 54, 73 % of the total area of the watershed subject to a degree of high and very high erosion. This result shows the value of using remote sensing technology and GIS in the assessment of vulnerability to erosion in watersheds.

The study aimed to identify the training needs of female faculty staff members at the University of Jeddah - Al-Kamil and Khulais Branches, from their point of view. The sample of the study consisted of 98 faculty members in different specialties. Descriptive approach was used. To achieve the goal of the study, the researcher prepared a questionnaire consisting of six axes that included the skills that a faculty member needs, represented in teaching skills, personal skills, administrative skills, research skills, technical skills and community service skills. Frequencies, percentages, averages, standard deviations, (v) test and mono-variance analysis were used to analyze the data. The results of the study highlighted the great need for training in all skills included in the questionnaire. The most prominent training needs in the field of teaching skills were: teaching according to the theory of multiple intelligences, in the field of personal skills: creative thinking skills, in the field of management skills: team management skills, in the field of research skills: supervising the research of graduate students, in the field of technical skills: using office programs, in community service skills: activating the university’s mission in community service. The study results also showed that there are statistically significant differences in the study sample responses about teaching skills, research skills, administrative skills and community service skills, depending on the nationality variable in favor of non-Saudis. There are also statistically significant differences in the study sample responses about teaching skills according to the variable of the academic degree in favor of the rank of professor, and the variable of years of experience in favor of those with more than 10 years experience. The study made recommendations for holding training courses according to the needs of female faculty members.

This research aims to investigate the distribution factors of Erythrocebus patas (red monkey) in the classified Agoua forest. The data was collected from the floristic inventory, carried out within 30 30m x 30m squares. Similarly, direct observations were made to note the variables that favour the presence of the species. An Analysis of The Main Components (CPA) is done on the data collected to establish the correlation between the different types of plant formation and the characteristic elements of the environment. The results show that 70% of the red monkey's habitats are found in savannas on ferralitic and ferreginous soils and 30% of its habitats are in forest galleries, on hydromorphic soils. These habitats are generally characterized by the presence of plant species that provide them with food, serve as resting places, hiding places and predation. Water points, roads and fields are less than 5km from these habitats. However, local populations have a variety of knowledge about the use of red monkeys. All this information allows the development of an ethnobotanical repository for the conservation of the species in central Benin.

The GPS or Global Positioning System, is a system that aims to determine the spatial coordinates of points with respect to a world reference system. These points are located anywhere on the planet, they can remain static or moving and observations can be made at any time of the day, this system has benefited people because of its great utility and various studies are carried out based on GPS paths, which They are born precisely by the points of moving objects such as vehicle paths or known by many space trajectories researchers. These can be applied in different areas such as for the construction of smart cities, which are cities based entirely on technology, that is, many factors are involved to develop this city. In this article it was possible to demonstrate the relationship between these terms, resulting in the application of GPS paths as a mobility solution to streamline transport systems. These systems use advanced technologies and communication systems in the transport sector, in order to improve the management of the transport network, consequently, make improvements in areas such as safety, simplicity, confidentiality and road efficiency.

Focused on the determinants of the commercial performance of pharmacies in Goma, this text is about the respect of commercial performance indicators and the ability of customers satisfaction. It determines the level of commercial performance and identifies the factors which contribute to a safe trading in order to offer products and services which respect the regulation.

The relationship between capital investment and firms' financial performance has for some time been an important concern to many stakeholders in the business environment. This paper aims to study the effect of capital investments on financial performance from small and medium enterprises (SMEs) perspective. The study adopted a panel research design with a balanced data of 36 SMEs from the clientele list of three Accounting Firms in the Upper East region of Ghana. The study covered a period of five (5) years, from 2013-2017. The results were analysed using a fixed effect regression model. Capital investment was measured by the ratio of non-current assets to total assets while the financial performance was measured by the return on assets of the firms. The study revealed that the SMEs annual earnings have showed an upward trend over the study period with an average financial performance of 17.64 per cent. However, the average capital investment ratio was 32.04 per cent over the five-year period with a general downward trend in capital investments in the investment period. The study further established that capital investment as a sole variable has an adverse effect on SMEs financial performance. However, with firm-level variables (such as firm size and liquidity) and macro-economic variables (such as interest rate, exchange rate, and inflation rate) as control variables, the study established a significant and a positive effect of capital investments on financial performance. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations for owners and managers of SMEs have been developed.

The tropical world is experiencing an unprecedented climate crisis. This is most often approached from the angle of excess or scarcity of rain. Temperatures are relegated to the background. However, they play a major role in the balance of environments.This article is a contribution on the phenomenon of climate change by focusing on thermal data. It puts in opposition a station close to the coast (Ziguinchor) and another more continental (Kolda). With simple tools (annual normal, seasonal and annual average, Pettitt and Mann-Kendal test), the recent thermal evolution of the study area was analyzed. This study shows an increase in temperatures since the 1970s, the existence of breaks and an increasing trend in the thermal series around the 1990s, but also a higher sensitivity of Ziguinchor to global warming.

La torsion de l’ovaire lors de la grossesse est une urgence assez rare. Posant un problème diagnostic en cas de douleurs pelviennes aigues pendant la grossesse. La torsion se produit habituellement sur un ovaire avec des kystes fonctionnels ou des tumeurs. Nous rapportons le cas de deux patientes. La première patiente de 21 ans, G1P0, enceinte de 17 SA, qui s'est présenté initialement pour douleur de la fosse iliaque gauche. Chez qui une échographie pelvienne faite, revenue en faveur d’une torsion de l’ovaire gauche. L’exploration, a montré que cet ovaire était nécrosé et une annexectomie a été réalisé. Les suites post opératoires étaient simples, avec à l’issue du terme un accouchement par voie basse d’un nouveau-né en bonne santé. La seconde patiente de 29 ans, G1P0, s'est présenté aux urgences avec des douleurs aigues de la fosse iliaque gauche sur aménorrhée de 5 semaines, une échographie réalisé était en faveur d’un ovaire légèrement augmenté de taille, avec douleur intense au passage de la sonde, et défense abdominale à la palpation, devant ce tableau d’abdomen chirurgical une laparotomie en urgence réalisée a mis en évidence une torsion sur ovaire augmenté de taille, une détorsion a été réalisée; avec recoloration de celui-ci, ayant été fixé ensuite par ovariopéxie. Pour les deux patientes, aucune complication postopératoire n'a été relevée. Toute douleur pelvienne aigue chez la femme enceinte, doit faire suspecter une torsion de l’ovaire. Le traitement conservateur est de règle à condition d’avoir un diagnostic précoce, avec rapidité de prise en charge pour éviter toute complication maternelle et fœtale.

Combined effects of three metals were assessed through toxicological tests in binary and one tertiary mixtures. Death and changes in body weight were used as biological responses to the toxicity. Test solutions were prepared with metal salts grade Merck Analar at 65%. Concentrations were derived from the Congolese official standards from Mining Code and Regulations. These were 500 ppb fof Cd, 5000 ppb for Pb and 5000 ppb for Al. Acute tests were 96-h exposures of the Mosquito fish Gambusia affinis and chronic tests were based on the 35-d exposures. During the chronic exposure, fish were daily fed with the powder of the earthworm Eisenia fetida.Results allowed to conclude that:- Legal standards from the Congolese code were toxic to fish. They should be reduced or lowered.- Mixtures of Cd and Pb develop synergism and remain very toxic to aquatic organisms.- Mixtures of both metals with the Al in binary or tertiary combinations showed antagonism.This information provides useful tools to water quality managers.

Petersianthus macrocarpus (P. Beauv.) Liben, from the pilot name Abing or Abale, is a species in the family Lecythidaceae. Nowadays, is belongs to the group of species obtained in the past as secondary and which has exploitable potential, especially for wood and non-wood forest products. The present work draws up an ethnobotanical and ecological inventory of this species and provides information in particular on the food potentials for man through the various edible caterpillars of which it is the host. Abing is a woody forest species better known for its edible caterpillar species than for its timber. It is a semi-heliophilic species endemic to the sub-guineocongol region, found in dense evergreen and semi-deciduous forests. Its mode of dispersion is anemochore, its regeneration is slow and it shows and irregular phenology. The abing is host to many species of caterpillars of the family Saturniidae which are highly valued by local populations and which can be marketed. Finally, it is a species so the leaves, bark and roots have medicinal properties which are currently the subject of numerous studies. However, there are few studies relating to its ecology and especially to influence of climate on leaf phenology whose role on the production of edible caterpillars is still questionable. Moreover, the development of additional research is necessary in order to guarantee sustainable exploitation and to propose participative management methods for its resources.

Recognition at work, which is increasingly demanded by workers, is equally a significant topical issue but yet little explored in human resources management. The objective of this paper is evaluating the efficiency of recognition-reward practices implemented within the public administration from the perception officials make of it. The comprehensive approach adopted required a qualitative methodology and semi-direct interviews with 37 middle-level administrative managers. Data analysis was carried out through the general inductive method in three phases. Firstly, analysis of the contributions expected by public officials, secondly, expectations relating to the valuing of such contributions and lastly, identification of satisfaction based on current practices. Results show that there exist two types of recognition-reward according to the bearer. These are hierarchical and organisational recognition, with various forms. Such practices are generally dissatisfying due to numerous malfunctions hampering the attribution process, denials and perceived disregard for. Financial recognitions are more valued within this context as compared to non-financial ones. These recognitions should be based on more rational and objective criteria, necessary for a better efficiency.

Studies were carried out to evaluate the environmental impact of abattoir effluents discharge on the quality of well water in Abakpa, Enugu State-Nigeria using standard analytical procedures and instrumentation. The samples were collected and the physiochemical parameters were analyzed using standard techniques. The heavy metals analyzed in the water samples involved wet digestion and aspiration of the digest onto the spectrophotometer for the determination of the concentration of the studied metals. The mean range of values for samples S1, S2, S3, and control were 6.64-7.07, 3.03-6.26NTU, 71.02-117.32, μ5/cm and 116.29-200.61mg/l, 41.04-53.08mg/l, 1.04-2.88mg/l and 22.14-29.12 mg/l for pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, chloride ions, biological oxygen demand and nitrate ions respectively. The mean range of values for the heavy metals analyzed in the water samples were 2.14-12.31, 0.38-1.59, 1.03-2.81, 0.06-0.26 and 0.003-0.008μg/g for Zn, Cu, Fe, Pb and As respectively. Sampling points S1 and S2 consistently exhibited higher values for all the studied physiochemical parameters and heavy metals than other sampling points (S3 and control). Of all the studied physicochemical parameters and heavy metals, only turbidity and Zn in sampling point S1 and Pb in sampling points S1 and S2 exceeded the recommended permissible limits for a safe drinking water. The study reveals that the proximity of sampling points S1 and S2 to the abattoir, where effluent discharge occurs, could have been the reason for the higher values they exhibited for all the studied parameters than the other sampling points (S3 and control). The levels of the studied physicochemical parameters and heavy metals in samples S1, S2, S3 and control were statistically significant. The study therefore recommends that environmental health agencies should ensure that future sitting of abattoir around residential areas are prohibited and those still operational are strictly supervised to ensure that they operate within standard sanitary guidelines in order to protect the health of the people from water and food borne illnesses.

Studies were carried out to evaluate the structural effects of four inhibitors (Mono ethanolamine (MEA), phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE), N – (2- hydroxy – 3- phenoxy propyl) ethanolamine (NHPE) and N, N' – (-2 hydroxy – 3 – phenoxy propyl) ethanolamine (N N' HPE) in inhibiting the corrosion of mild steel in 0.1M HCl. Appropriate analytical procedures and instrumentation such as the use of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer were employed in the analysis of the structures of the inhibitors.Quantum chemical modeling calculation was employed to better understand the variation in the inhibition efficiencies of the studied inhibitors.After eight weeks of immersing the mild steel sheets in 0.1M HCl with each of the four studied inhibitors, the mean percentage weight loss of the mild steel were 17.74, 30.13, 5.39 and 1.08% for MEA, PGE, NHPE and NN1HPE respectively. The FTIR analysis of the structure of the inhibitors shows that the presence of functional groups such as –OH, -NH, Ar—C = C – and –OCH3 significantly helped to increase the inhibition efficiencies of NHPE and NN' HPE respectively.From the weight loss experiment, it was observed that the inhibition efficiencies of the four studied inhibitors on the mild steel in the acidic media decreased in the following order: N N1HPE > NHPE > MEA > PGE which was further confirmed by the FTIR analysis.The lower values of parameters such as ELUMO, energy gap, ionization potential, global hardness and total energy and as well as the higher valves of parameters such as EHOMO, dipole moment, electro affinity, electro negativity, chemical softness, total surface area and polarizability, obtained for NHPE and NN1HPE respectively greatly increased the adsorption and donation of their electrons to the metal substrate surface thus were able to more efficiently inhibit the rapid corrosion of the mild steel in the acidic media than the two other studied inhibitors (MEA and PGE).